为每个人寻求体面的如厕体验

克里斯蒂安·帕格/Christian Pagh

庞凌波 译/Translated by PANG Lingbo

似乎在节庆日或城市活动中，女性的如厕需求永远被排在最后一位解决，排队已经成为了一种惯例。从2010年起，Ugent.Agency一直致力于为城市提供解决小便问题的新措施，以便城市能够更智能地满足派对、音乐会和公共活动中的如厕需求。

我们的目标其实说来简单：女性要如何像男性一样简单地在活动中如厕呢？这其中有诸多挑战——实用性、文化性和作为基础设施是主要的3个方面。实用性的问题在于：小便器应该安排在哪里，以及尿液排到何处去？如厕时要将外套、背包、饮料和其他东西放在哪里？重中之重是与性别区分、安全性和私密性相关的更具体的文化性问题。在这样看似具体的设计挑战之中，Urgent.Agency发现一种基于规范、习惯和社交预期的复杂性。

我们最初的设计是在北欧最盛大的音乐节罗斯基勒音乐节上开发和测试的。该项目的目的是试验这个为女孩提供的简易的露天小便解决方案。小便器模型名为“Pollee”，它的形式简易、可以移动，使如厕快速和方便。Pollee专为节日、音乐会和户外派对设计，是一款为女性设计的开放式、非接触式的公共便器。我们收到了女性使用者们热烈的反馈，总体来说就是：“我们用了，我们爱它！”

专注于理解需求

Urgent.Agency为了改进设计收集使用者的反馈意见，投入大量时间与女性交流，另外还举行研讨会，试图理解在如厕中有哪些问题至关重要。事实上，使用便器的女性各不相同，一些人对私密性的需求超过其他人，一些则对社交性的需求更强，等等。

设计者的关注点在于寻找私密与公共之间的平衡。Pollee的一个重要特征在于它是开放的、社交的，这使它比一般节庆活动中令人恶心的公厕要更简单和便捷。Pollee的另一特别之处在于，它既采用了半蹲式、又有抓握处，让使用者在如厕过程中可以保持平衡，获得支撑。

Urgent.Agency为罗斯基勒音乐节设计了几种不同的便器原型，来测试不同程度的私密性和设计。第二年，我们又开发了一个更新的版本，结果大获好评。同时也开始为男性设计一些简易的街头P型小便器（Street Pee），从最开始的可移动型（塑料制）到后来的固定型（不锈钢制）。这两种模型都可以接入下水道管网，利用现有的基础设施使解决方案简单而成本低廉。这些模型最初用于节庆活动，不过也已经永久性地安装，使有社交障碍的人们能够更容易地在公共场所小便。哥本哈根的街头仍然可以

1 街头如厕需求/Pee-needs in street

It seems women's need for peeing has always been last on the list to solve on festivals or at urban events - and queuing forever has been the order of the day. Since 2010 Urgent.Agency has been engaged in designing new peeing solutions for urban environments enabling cities to handle pee-needs at parties, concerts and public events in smarter ways.

The ambition was in all simplicity: how can women get to pee just as easy and nice as men at events? There is a wide variety of challenges -practical, cultural, infrastructural. The practical questions are: Where is the urinal standing - and where is the pee going? Where do you put your coat/bag/drink/whatever while peeing? On top there is a list of more specific cultural issues related to sex,safety and privacy. In this seemingly specific design challenge, Urgent.Agency discovers a complexity of norms, habits and social expectations.

The first designs were developed and tested at Roskilde Festival - the biggest festival in Scandinavia. The project was all about testing their idea: a simple, open-air pee solution for girls. The model was called Pollee - a simple and portable form that makes peeing quicker and easier.Pollee is an open air, no-touch pissoir for women,specifically designed for festivals, concerts and outdoor parties.

The women's response was overwhelming, the overall message was: "We use it and we love it! "

Investing in understanding the needs

Urgent.Agency received ideas for improvement,invested time in talking to women, and held additional workshops trying to understand what matters in the peeing situation. The fact is that urinal-using women are different. Some need more privacy than others, some are more social etc.

A focal point for the designers was finding the balance between private and public. An important feature of Pollee is that it is open and social -making it simpler and faster than the disgusting standard festival toilets. Another thing that made Pollee special is the combination of a semi-squat position and something to hold on to, giving the user balance and support while peeing.看到Street Pee，以及一些哥本哈根城市公厕的模型——一种功能齐全、专供那些长时间待在街上的人，包括吸毒者、酗酒者和无家可归者使用的厕所。

2.3 Pollee最初是为罗斯基勒音乐节开发的，不过如今已为融入城市环境进行了再设计。/Pollee was originally developed for Roskilde Festival, but has now been redesigned for the urban environment.

但为什么人们对城市卫生这样一个看似不起眼的领域如此感兴趣呢？

一座城市、一场节庆活动或一间酒吧对人们如厕这一基本需求的处理方式，相当明显地体现了他们对人的关怀。

基于前馈补偿的柔性直流配电系统下垂控制方法//赵学深,彭克,张新慧,徐丙垠,陈羽,李菡昊//(15):94

虽然我们从用户端获得了成功，但将女性便器的原型变成大规模生产的产品仍然是一个挑战。市场相当保守，对此几乎没有投资。Urgent.Agency仍在寻找将其中一些设计转化为大规模生产模型的方法。

城市如厕解决方案

在Urgent.Agency，我们致力于完成公共空间的城市卫生设施的挑战，从产品和规划两个层面，对如厕文化进行再思，使人们能够专注于生活中更重要的事情。我们创建了一个名为PeeBetter的平台来展示我们为处理公共如厕问题提供的设计原型、策略和概念。在我们的解决方案中，有Pollee，一款女性专用的露天、非接触式便器；有简易的P型小便器，一款男性专用的街头便器，可以直接接入下水道；以及哥本哈根城市公厕——一种专为哥本哈根市设计的、新型的、契合城市环境的厕所。

Pollee：女性专用街头便器

Pollee是一款女性专用的露天、非接触式便器，特别为节庆活动、音乐会和户外派对设计（图2、3）。一个Pollee能够供4位女性同时使用，而且是半蹲式的，无需接触——不过侧壁上仍有扶手用来保持平衡。

Street Pee：男性专用街头便器

简易街头P 型小便器是一个新颖的方案，专为城市节庆活动男士们的释放而设计（图4、5）。它仅提供简单的遮蔽，并直接将尿液引流进入遍布整个城市的下水道管网中。

哥本哈根城市公厕：专为城市环境设计的公厕

哥本哈根城市公厕是一款与城市环境特别契合的厕所（图6、7）。由于使用者很可能包括吸毒者与无家可归者，该设施对于耐久性与安全性有着特殊的需求。便器安装在后部。设计简化了施工过程，提高了安全性能，并降低了维护成本，使其比现有的公共厕所便宜得多。哥本哈根城市公厕可作为一个单元进行运输和组装，所以可以循环利用，第一个模型于2013年秋在哥本哈根组装完成。□

4 Street Pee（塑料制）/Street Pee (in plastic)

5 Street Pee（不锈钢制）/Street Pee (in stainless steel)

6.7设计灵感来自经典哥本哈根城市美学与当代和功能美学的结合/The design is inspired by classic Copenhagen urban aesthetics combined with contemporary and functional aesthetics

But why this interest in a seemingly lowprestige area like urban sanitation?

The way a city, a festival or a bar handles the fundamental human need of going to the toilet is a pretty tangible manifestation of how much they care about people.

Though a success from the user side, turning the prototypes of the female urinals into a massproduced product is still a challenge. The market is conservative and there is little investment in it.Urgent.Agency are still pursuing ways to turn some of these designs into mass production models.

Urban pee solutions

At Urgent.Agency we work with urban sanitation challenges in public spaces - both on product and planning level - rethinking the culture of peeing so that people can focus on the more important things in life. We created the PeeBetter platform presenting prototypes, design solutions and ideas on how to address public peeing. Among our solutions are Simple P, a street urinal for men that can be attached directly into the sewer,Pollee, an open air, no-touch urinal for women,Copenhagen Urban Toilet - a new toilet for the City of Copenhagen specially fit for the urban context.

Pollee – the street urinal for women

Pollee is an open air, no-touch pissoir for women, specifically designed for festivals, concerts and outdoor events (Fig. 2, 3). One Pollee can accommodate four women at once, and is used in a semi-squat stance that requires no touching -although handles on the sidewalls are there to keep balance.

Street Pee – the street urinal for men

Simple P is an innovative solution, designed to relieve gentlemen at urban festivals (Fig. 4, 5). It ffiers simple coverage, and leads the urine directly into one of the many sewer grates that are already distributed throughout the city.

CPH Urban Toilet - a toilet designed for the urban context

CPH Urban Toilet is a toilet specially fit for the urban context (Fig. 6, 7). Since users will include drug users and the homeless, there are special requirements regarding robustness and security.A urinal is integrated at the back. The design simplifies construction, enhances safety and reduces maintenance costs, making it significantly cheaper than existing public toilets. CPH Urban Toilet can be moved and set up as one unit, which opens up for seasonal use. The first model was set up in Copenhagen in the autumn of 2013. □