迈向教育强国之路

文/五花肉

伯乐与千里马的千古佳话总是为人津津乐道。孰不知，如果没有成熟的教育体制批量培养千里马，伯乐纵有识珠慧眼，也最终将陷入无良驹可选的窘境。

People take delight in talking about the eternal story of Bole and the winged steed. However, without the mature education system fostering a large number of winged steeds, although Bole was good at recognizing the winged steed, he could be in a dilemma that no steed is available.

出仕引领官学

Official Schools Fostered the Officials

中国古代教育体制最早可追溯至西周，由官学主导，自汉代起渐成体系，出现以传授儒家学说为核心的统一学制，奠定了“忠君尊孔”的教学标准。后历经隋唐的发展，至明清趋于成熟，“储才以应科目”，出仕成为当时官学的核心任务。

The earliest education system of ancient China can be traced back to Western Zhou Dynasty, when the official schools were dominant. Since Han Dynasty,it gradually formed a system. A uniform education system with the core of imparting the knowledge of Confucianism emerged, establishing the teaching standards of "Be loyal to the emperor and respect Confucius". After the development of Sui and Tang and academy of classical learning, were beginning to emerge, which tend to focus more on art and technical education.

Dynasties, this system entered its mature stage during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. "Reserving talents for imperial examination", fostering offcials was the core task of offcial schools at that time.

官私并举成型

Official Schools and Private Schools DevelopedSimultaneously

明清时期，官学建设日益标准化，建立了中央国子监和地方乡学两级架构。作为官学的补充，更加注重艺术、技术教育，以私塾、书院为代表的私学开始兴起，官私并举的教育体制自此成型。

During Ming and Qing Dynasties, the construction of official schools was gradually standardized, and established two-level governmental educational institution hierarchies which were central official school and local offcial school. To supplement offcial schools, private schools, represented by private tutor

随着科举被废黜，民国时期的教育采用了全新的“壬子癸丑”学制，首次提出普通、职业、师范三大教育体系，教育内容以人文科学、自然科学和职业技能为主，这也被视为现代学制的开端。

With imperial examination was deposed, education in the Republic of China era applied the ren-zi-gui-chou school system, first proposed general, vocational and normal educations mainly focusing the natural science and professional skill training. It is regarded as the beginning of the modern school system.

倡导终身教育

Advocating the Philosophy of Lifelong Education

1949年建国后，我国教育事业迈入高质量发展的快车道，确立了学前教育、初等教育、中等教育、高等教育的四等标准学制，统一教学大纲，发布《普通高等学校本科专业类教学质量国家标准》，强调多学科、多领域并重发展，相继提出“211工程”“985工程”及“一流大学和一流学科建设”的高标准建设要求，逐步建立、完善成人继续教育机制，为不同类型、不同需求的社会工作者提供多层次的终身教育机会，持续推进学习型社会建设。

Since 1949, China has stepped into a fast and highquality development period, set up a four-grade education system including preschool education,elementary education, secondary education and higher education, published the national standards on general institutes of higher education's teaching quality of undergraduate major, highlighting multi-disciplinary and multi-field development.Besides, China put forward Project 211, Project 985 and Double First-rate strategic plan, gradually built up and perfected the continuing education,which provides multi-layered lifetime education opportunity for social workers with different needs and promotes the building of a learning society.

结 语

Conclusion

从“学而优则仕”到“高质量发展”，在我国教育事业发展的不同历史时期，标准化理念始终潜移默化地助推教育目标、教育体制和教育内容转型升级，为中华民族伟大复兴奠定了坚实的人才基础。

From "a good scholar will make an offcial" to "highquality development", throughout the different historical stages of China's education development,standardization always has an imperceptible impact on the transformation and upgrading of educational objectives, education system and educational content, laying a solid talent foundation for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.