微创血肿穿刺清除术治疗急性脑出血临床效果分析
2018-10-30李天泉
李天泉
[摘要] 目的 探討微创血肿穿刺清除术治疗急性脑出血临床疗效。 方法 研究对象为方便选取该院2016年4月—2017年6月收治急性脑出血患者100例,以随机数字表法分为对照组(50例)和观察组(50例),分别采用小骨窗开颅术和微创血肿穿刺清除术治疗;比较两组患者围手术期临床指标、近期疗效及治疗前后NIHSS评分。 结果 对照组患者手术用时、术中失血量及住院用时分别为(2.94±0.80)h,(135.26±29.35)mL,(23.20±3.55)d;观察组患者手术用时、术中失血量及住院用时分别为(1.56±0.47)h,(54.87±6.15)mL,(11.76±1.61)d;观察组患者围手术期临床指标水平显著优于对照组(t=3.07,3.44,3.19,P=0.00,0.00,0.00);对照组和观察组患者优良率分别为46.00%,68.00%;观察组患者近期疗效显著优于对照组(χ2=9.12,P=0.02);同时观察组患者治疗后NIHSS评分显著低于对照组、治疗前(t=3.46,3.17,P=0.00,0.00, P<0.05)。结论 微创血肿穿刺清除术治疗急性脑出血可有效减轻医源性创伤,加快术后康复进程,且有助于保护神经功能,价值优于小骨窗开颅术。
[关键词] 微创血肿穿刺清除术;急性脑出血;疗效
[中图分类号] R651.1 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2018)07(a)-0031-03
Clinical Efficacy Analysis of Minimally Invasive Hematoma Puncture Removal for Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage
LI Tian-quan
Department of Psychology, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Ganzi, Sichuan Province, 626000 China
[Abstract] Objective This paper tries to investigate the clinical effects of minimally invasive hematoma puncture removal operation in the treatment of acute cerebral hemorrhage. Methods 100 patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage were chosen conveniently in the period from April 2016 to June 2017 in the hospital and randomly divided into both group including control group (50 patients) with small bone window craniotomy and observation group (50 patients) with minimally invasive hematoma puncture removal operation; and the perioperative clinical indicators, clinical efficacy for short-term and NIHSS scores before and after treatment of both groups were compared. Results In the control group, the time of operation, intraoperative blood loss, and hospitalization were (2.94±0.80)h, (135.26±29.35)mL, (23.20±3.55)days. The surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, and hospitalization time of the observation group were respectively. It was (1.56±0.47)h, (54.87±6.15)mL, (11.76±1.61)days. The perioperative clinical indicators in the observation group were significantly better than those in the control group (t=3.07, 3.44, 3.19, P=0.00, 0.00, 0.00); The excellent and good rates in the control and observation groups were 46.00% and 68.00%, respectively; the short-term efficacy of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group (χ2=9.12, P=0.02); meanwhile, the NIHSS score was significantly lower in the observation group after treatment. In the control group, before treatment (t=3.46, 3.17, P=0.00, 0.00, P<0.05). Conclusion Minimally invasive hematoma puncture and debridement for the treatment of acute cerebral hemorrhage can effectively reduce the iatrogenic trauma, speed up the postoperative recovery process, and help to protect the nerve function, the value is better than the the small bone craniotomy.
[Key words] Minimally invasive hematoma puncture; Acute cerebral hemorrhage; Efficacy
該文以该院2016年4月—2017年6月收治的急性脑出血患者100例作为研究对象,分别采用小骨窗开颅术和微创血肿穿刺清除术治疗;比较两组患者围手术期临床指标、近期疗效及治疗前后NIHSS评分,探讨微创血肿穿刺清除术治疗急性脑出血临床疗效,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
方便选取该院收治的急性脑出血患者100例,均符合《临床诊疗指南·神经外科学分册》诊断标准[1],经医院伦理委员会批准,患者或家属知情同意,并同时排除合影像学检查确认,同时排除合并其他中枢神经系统疾病、手术禁忌证、重要脏器功能障碍者。全部患者以随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组50例;其中对照组中男性32例,女性18例,平均年龄为(58.20±7.44)岁,平均出血量为(37.46±9.12)mL,根据合并基础疾病划分,原发性高血压29例,糖尿病17例,冠心病10例;观察组中男性36例,女性14例,平均年龄为(58.61±7.51)岁,平均出血量为(37.10±9.03)mL,根据合并基础疾病划分,原发性高血压32例,糖尿病18例,冠心病13例;两组患者一般资料比较均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
1.2 治疗方法
对照组患者采用常规小骨窗开颅术治疗,具体手术操作参考《临床诊疗指南·神经外科学分册》;观察组患者则采用微创血肿穿刺清除术治疗,即首先CT下定位血肿位置,以专用血肿穿刺针刺入血肿部位,抽吸液化状态血肿,再注入生理盐水反复多次抽吸残,最后注入尿激酶夹闭引流管留置3~4 h,最后松开引流管导出液体。
1.3 观察指标
①记录患者手术用时、术中失血量及住院用时,计算百分比;②神经功能损伤程度评价采用NIHSS量表定。
1.4 疗效评定标准
根据《临床诊疗指南·神经外科学分册》[1]标准进行疗效判定,分为优、良、可及差4级[7]。
1.5 统计方法
数据分析选择SPSS 22.0统计学软件,计量资料以(x±s)表示,进行t检验,计数资料用(x±s)表示,进行χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 两组患者围手术期临床指标水平比较
对照组患者手术用时、术中失血量及住院用时分别为(2.94±0.80)h,(135.26±29.35)mL,(23.20±3.55)d;观察组患者手术用时、术中失血量及住院用时分别为(1.56±0.47)h,(54.87±6.15)mL,(11.76±1.61)d;观察组患者围手术期临床指标水平显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。见表1。
2.2 两组患者近期疗效比较
对照组患者治疗后优、良、可及差例数分别为9例、14例、20例、7例,优良率分别为46.00%;观察组患者治疗后优、良、可及差例数分别为15例、19例、12例、4例,优良率分别为68.00%;观察组患者近期疗效显著优于对照组(χ2=9.12,P=0.02),见表2。
2.3 两组患者治疗前后NIHSS评分比较
对照组患者治疗前后NIHSS评分分别为(39.13±5.49)分,(15.26±4.07)分;观察组患者治疗前后NIHSS评分分别为(38.70±5.44)分,(11.71±2.54)分;观察组患者治疗后NIHSS评分显著低于对照组、治疗前(t=3.46,3.17,P=0.00,0.00, P<0.05),见表3。
3 讨论
以往对于急性脑出血患者多采用小骨窗开颅术治疗,该术式技术要求较低,操作简便,创伤程度较传统开颅术更小[2];但大量临床报道显示[3-4],患者行小骨窗开颅术治疗难以彻底清除血肿,总体病情控制效果欠佳,且术中易发生脑组织牵拉。而微创血肿穿刺清除术则是一种改良微创神经外科手术,相较于传统术式具有医源性创伤程度更低、术中血肿清除效果佳及受出血位置影响小等优点[5-6];已有研究显示[7],其能够显著提高固态血肿清除效果,在保护中枢神经组织功能方面和改善远期预后方面效果确切。
该研究结果中,对照组患者手术用时、术中失血量及住院用时分别为(2.94±0.80)h,(135.26±29.35)mL,(23.20±3.55)d;观察组患者手术用时、术中失血量及住院用时分别为(1.56±0.47)h,(54.87±6.15)mL,(11.76±1.61)d;观察组患者围手术期临床指标水平显著优于对照组(P<0.05),提示微创血肿穿刺清除术应用有助于降低急性脑出血患者手术用时,减轻手术创伤程度及缩短术后住院时间;而对照组患者治疗后优、良、可及差例数分别为9例、14例、20例、7例,优良率分别为46.00%;观察组患者治疗后优、良、可及差例数分别为15例、19例、12例、4例,优良率分别为68.00%;观察组患者近期疗效显著优于对照组(P<0.05);同时对照组患者治疗前后NIHSS评分分别为(39.13±5.49)分,(15.26±4.07)分;观察组患者治疗前后NIHSS评分分别为(38.70±5.44)分,(11.71±2.54)分;观察组患者治疗后NIHSS评分显著低于对照组、治疗前(P<0.05),则证实急性脑出血患者行微创血肿穿刺清除术治疗在减轻神经功能损伤和改善预后方面具有优势,与以往报道结果相符[8]。
综上所述,微创血肿穿刺清除术治疗急性脑出血可有效减轻医源性创伤,加快术后康复进程,且有助于保护神经功能,价值优于小骨窗开颅术。
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(收稿日期:2018-04-02)