链霉菌H41-55发酵菌丝体的化学成分
2018-10-29李先盛郑新恒杨宇林壁润周光雄
李先盛, 郑新恒, 杨宇, 林壁润, 周光雄
(1.暨南大学 药学院中药及天然药物研究所∥广东省普通高校中药和天然药物药效物质基础重点实验室, 广东 广州 510632;2. 广东省农业科学院 植物保护研究所∥广东省植物保护新技术重点实验室, 广东 广州 510110)
放线菌是一类遗产物质中具有高鸟嘌呤和胞嘧啶(G+C)含量的革兰氏阳性细菌,是海洋微生物中一个重要的类群,广泛分布在海洋各种环境中,因产生丰富的活性次生代谢产物而著名.多年来,因近海岸和红树林沉积物以及浅海动植物等环境使放线菌采样容易,故有较悠久的研究历史和相对较多的研究报道,并有一定研究深度[1].放线菌能产生多种多样的化合物,如肽类、大环内酯类、生物碱类、萜类、醌类、有机酸类等,其中有很多化合物具有抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗病毒等活性[2].为从海洋来源放线菌中发现活性新化合物,本研究就链霉菌属H41-55菌株发酵菌丝体进行了系统的化学成分研究.首先用高体积分数的乙醇提取,再用乙酸乙酯萃取获得乙酸乙酯部位,对该部位进行化学成分的分离和结构鉴定,最终分离并鉴定了15个单体化合物(图1).该研究成果进一步丰富了链霉菌属放线菌次级代谢产物的多样性,为后续活性成分和药物先导物的发现奠定了一定的工作基础.
图1 化合物1~15的化学结构
1 材料与仪器
1.1 链霉菌菌株
链霉菌H41-55通过培养特征、形态特征、生理生化特性以及分子生物学分析,鉴定为抗生链霉菌 (Streptomycesantibioticus)[3].该菌种分离自广东省江门市闸坡近海红树林的底泥,并保存于广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所.
1.2 细胞株
人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7、人神经胶质瘤细胞SF-268和人肺癌细胞NCI-H460均由暨南大学医学院提供.
1.3 培养基
菌株培养基配方如下: 可溶性淀粉质量20 g、KNO3质量1 g、K2HPO4质量0.5 g、MgSO4质量0.5 g、NaCl质量0.5 g、FeSO4质量0.01 g、琼脂质量20 g、H2O体积1 000 L、海水晶3 g、pH 7.2~7.4 (用HCl、NaOH调整).
1.4 种子培养基
高氏一号培养基配方如下:玉米淀粉质量3 g、酵母粉质量3 g、海水晶质量0.25 g、CaCO3质量0.15 g、KNO3质量0.1 g、MgSO4·7H2O质量0.06 g、K2HPO4·3H2O质量0.09 g、FeSO4·7H2O质量0.002 g、H2O体积100 mL、pH 7.2~7.4 (用HCl、NaOH溶液调整).
1.5 仪器与试剂
LKYC-2型摇床(杭州郎琨科技有限公司);Biostat C 30 L发酵罐(德国贝朗公司);Agilent 1200型高效液相色谱仪(美国安捷伦公司);CO2恒温培养箱(美国Shel-Lab公司);台式离心机(德国Sigma公司);液相分析色谱柱Ultimate XB-C18(5 μm,4.6 mm× 250 mm,美国Welch公司);Finnigan LCQ Advantage MAX质谱仪(美国菲尼根质谱公司);AV- 600和Bruker AV-300型核磁共振仪(瑞士布鲁克公司);液相半制备色谱柱Ultimate XB-C18(5 μm,10 mm× 250 mm,美国Welch公司);Synergy 酶标仪(美国博腾仪器有限公司).硅胶(200~300目,青岛海洋化工厂);Sephadex LH-20(Pharmacia公司);色谱级甲醇(山东禹王公司);核磁用氘代试剂(Merck公司);液相用水(广东怡宝公司纯净水),其他试剂均为分析纯;DMSO(德国Sigma公司);青-链霉素(美国Hyclone公司);胰酶(美国Amresco公司); 胎牛血清(美国Gibco公司);四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT,德国Sigma公司); RPMI-1640培养基(美国Gibco公司).
2 实验方法
2.1 菌株的活化
将低温保存的菌种H41-55接种到高氏1号固体培养基上,在30 ℃条件下恒温培养1周.
2.2 种子液培养
于盛有体积为200 mL液体培养基的1 L三角瓶中接种已活化的菌株,28 ℃、165 r/min 摇床培养3 d.
2.3 放大培养
将体积为约1 L的种子培养液转移至装有20 L发酵培养基的发酵罐进行扩大培养,在28 ℃、300 r/min、通气量15 L/min条件下培养4 d.
2.4 提取分离
菌株发酵液体积60 L,5 000 r/min 离心10 min后去掉上清液,菌丝体用体积分数为95%乙醇渗漉提取至上清液无色,减压蒸干上清液获得总提取物质量521 g,将该提取物加水悬浮,用乙酸乙酯萃取至有机层无色,减压蒸干乙酸乙酯得质量为80 g乙酸乙酯部位.将该部位湿法上样到硅胶色谱柱上,用石油醚/丙酮系统(100∶0- 0∶100)梯度洗脱,最后用甲醇冲柱,将馏分经TLC薄层层析后,合并TLC结果相近馏分,得S1~S10共10个组分.S6经过硅胶(V氯仿∶V甲醇=5∶1)、凝胶Sephadex LH-20(V氯仿∶V甲醇=3∶1)柱色谱和半制备HPLC(V甲醇:V水=77∶23)分离,得化合物1(质量10.2 mg)、2(质量5.7 mg)、3(质量4.5 mg).S7经过凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱色谱(V氯仿∶V甲醇=3∶1)、硅胶柱色谱(V石油醚∶V乙酸乙酯=4∶1)得化合物4(质量7.9 mg).S8经过硅胶柱色谱(V氯仿∶V甲醇=3∶1)和半制备HPLC(V甲醇∶V水=70∶30)得化合物5(质量3.5 mg)、6(质量9.3 mg)、7(质量3.1 mg)、8(质量4.1 mg).S9经硅胶(V氯仿∶V甲醇=5∶2)、凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱色谱(V氯仿∶V甲醇=2∶1)、半制备HPLC(V甲醇∶V水=72∶28)得化合物9(质量6.1 mg)、10(质量7.2 mg)、11(质量3.1 mg).S10经ODS反相硅胶柱(V甲醇∶V水=10∶100-100∶0)、凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱色谱(V氯仿∶V甲醇=5∶1)和半制备HPLC(V甲醇∶V水=65∶35)得化合物11(质量2.9 mg)、12(质量4.0 mg)、13(质量3.6 mg)、14(质量4.6 mg)、15(质量6.7 mg).
2.5 细胞培养
SF-268、NCI-H460和 MCF-7 均培养于含有质量分数为10% FBS和1%青-链霉素的 RPMI 1640 培养基中,放置于37 ℃、CO2体积分数为5%的细胞培养箱中.待细胞生长融合度至80%,弃培养液,用PBS洗涤2次,加适量的胰酶室温静置消化5 min,置细胞在显微镜下观察呈现成圆形,用移液枪吹打细胞数次,使细胞充分分离成单细胞悬液.取适量单细胞悬液用于传代培养,保证每次传代培养与实验用细胞都处于生长对数期.
2.6 活性化合物的筛选
运用MTT 法测定所分离化合物细胞毒活性.将处于对数生长期的肿瘤细胞接种到96孔板,细胞密度为8 × 104/mL,12 h培养,待细胞融合度至70%~80%开始加药.各化合物和阳性药 (顺铂) 均溶于DMSO中,配制成质量浓度为10 μg/mL的母液.设顺铂组、空白组和样品组,给药的最大质量浓度为100 μg/mL,随后采用倍半稀释的方法依次降低质量浓度 (50、25、12.5、6.3、3.1、1.6 μg/mL).加药后孵育2 d,然后加入30 μL MTT 溶液 (质量浓度为5 μg/mL)再孵育2 d.孵育后,弃上清液,加入100 μL DMSO震荡摇匀.使用酶标仪在570 nm 处测定样品吸光度值,然后用软件Origin 8 (OriginLab,Northampton,MA USA)计算出各个化合物的IC50值.
3 实验结果
3.1 结构鉴定
化合物1:黄色晶体; mp. 195~196 ℃; HR-ESI-MS:m/z146.060 0 [M+H]+(C9H8NO理论计算值, 146.060 6);1H NMR (600 MHz, MeOH-d4)δ: 11.16 (1H, br. s, N-H), 10.05 (1H, s, H-9), 8.22 (1H, d,J=7.5 Hz, H- 4), 8.17 (1H, s, H-7), 7.52 (1H, d,J=7.9 Hz, H-1), 7.27 (1H, td,J=7.4, 1.2 Hz, H- 6), 7.24 (1H, td,J=7.4, 1.1 Hz, H-5);13C NMR (150 MHz, MeOH-d4)δ: 185.3 (C-9), 138.3 (C- 8), 138.0 (C-1), 125.5 (C-3), 124.5 (C- 6), 122.0 (C-5), 122.1 (C- 4), 120.1 (C-2), 112.9 (C-7).以上波谱数据与文献[4]报道一致,故鉴定其为吲哚-3-甲醛.
化合物2:淡黄色油状; mp. 79~81 ℃; HR-ESI-MS:m/z223.094 7 [M+Na]+(C10H16O4Na理论计算值, 223.094 7);1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ: 5.92 (1H, br. s, H-5), 4.17 (1H, d,J=8.5 Hz, H-1′), 3.19 (1H, br. s, OH-1′), 2.01 (3H, s, CH3- 4), 1.78 (2H, m, H-2′,3′), 1.22 (1H, m, Hβ-3′), 0.92 (3H, t,J=7.5 Hz, CH3- 4′), 0.76 (3H, d,J=7.0 Hz, CH3-2′);13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3)δ: 172.2 (C-2), 158.3 (C- 4), 130.4 (C-3), 100.2 (C-5), 71.4 (C-1′), 40.3 (C-2′), 25.2 (C-3′), 15.3 (2′-CH3), 12.0 (4-CH3), 11.4 (C- 4′).以上波谱数据与文献[5]报道一致,故鉴定其为5-羟基-3- (1-羟基-2-甲基丁基)-1-甲基-2 (5H)-呋喃.
化合物3:无色晶体; mp. 141~142 ℃; HR-ESI-MS:m/z211.144 2 [M+H]+(C11H19N2O2理论计算值, 211.144 2);1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3)δ: 6.08 (1H, br. s, H- 8), 4.12 (1H, dd,J=9.0, 7.8 Hz, H- 6), 4.01 (1H, dd,J=9.3, 3.6 Hz, H-9), 3.62 (1H, m, Hβ-3), 3.55 (1H, td,J=9.0, 3.8 Hz, Hα-3), 2.36 (1H, m, Hβ-5), 2.14 (1H, m, Hα-5), 2.09 (1H, m, Hβ-10), 2.03 (1H, m, Hα- 4), 1.92 (1H, m, Hβ- 4), 1.76 (1H, m, H-11), 1.51 (1H, ddd,J=14.4, 9.2, 5.1 Hz, Hα-10), 1.01 (3H, d,J=6.6 Hz, H-13), 0.96 (3H, d,J=6.0 Hz, H-12);13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3)δ: 170.5 (C-7), 166.4 (C-1), 59.2 (C- 6), 53.6 (C-9), 45.7 (C-3), 38.8 (C-10), 28.3 (C-5), 25.0 (C-11), 23.5 (C-13), 22.9 (C- 4), 21.3 (C-12).以上波谱数据与文献[6]报道一致,故鉴定其为cyclo- (L-Pro-L-Leu).
化合物4:白色粉末; mp. 162~163 ℃; HR-ESI-MS:m/z223.131 3 [M-H]-(C15H15N2理论计算值, 223.123 6);1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3)δ: 8.07 (1H, br. s, NH-1), 7.52 (1H, d,J=8.3 Hz, H- 4), 7.19 (1H, s, H-7), 7.12 (1H, m, H-2), 7.02 (1H, dd,J=8.3, 1.4 Hz, H-5), 5.37 (1H, m,J=7.3 Hz,H-2′), 3.78 (2H, s, H-1″), 3.42 (2H, d,J=7.3 Hz, H-1′), 1.77 (6H, s, 2 × Me-3′);13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3)δ: 137.3 (C- 6), 136.8 (C-7α), 132.5 (C-3′), 124.1 (C-3α), 123.7 (C-2), 122.3 (C-2), 119.8 (C-5), 118.3 (C-3), 117.8 (C- 4), 110.7 (C-7), 104.6 (C-2″), 34.4 (C-1′), 25.8 (3′-CH3), 17.9 (3′-CH3), 14.5 (C-1′).以上波谱数据与文献[7]报道一致,故鉴定其为6- (3-甲基-2-丁烯基)-3-吲哚乙腈.
化合物5:无色针晶; mp. 134~139 ℃; HR-ESI-MS:m/z577.215 5 [M+Na]+(C29H34N2O9Na理论计算值, 557.216 3);1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3)δ: 12.57 (1H, s, OH-2′), 8.55 (1H, d,J=8.0 Hz, H- 4′), 8.52 (1H, s, H-CHO), 7.96 (1H, s, NH-3′), 7.34 (2H, dd,J=7.6, 7.4 Hz, H-5″,7″), 7.29 (2H, d,J=7.4 Hz, H- 4″,8″), 7.28 (2H, d,J=7.4 Hz, H- 6″), 7.23 (1H, d,J=8.0 Hz, H- 6′), 7.05 (1H, d,J=7.7 Hz, NH-1′), 6.91 (1H, dd,J=8.1, 8.0 Hz, H- 4), 5.73 (1H, dd,J=7.7, 6.6 Hz, H-10), 5.27 (1H, dd,J=7.8, 7.7 Hz, H-3), 5.08 (1H, dd,J=10.0, 9.6 Hz, H- 8), 4.94 (1H, dd,J=9.6, 6.3 Hz, H-9), 3.68 (2H, s, H-2″), 2.49 (1H, dt,J=10.7, 10.7 Hz, H-7), 1.64 (2H, m, H-α), 1.30 (3H, d,J=6.6 Hz, CH3- 4), 1.16 (3H, d,J=6.3 Hz, CH3-9), 1.14 (1H, m, H-β), 1.05 (1H, m, H-γ), 0.80 (3H, t,J=7.0 Hz, H-δ);13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3)δ: 173.0 (C- 6), 170.3 (C-2), 170.3 (C-1″), 169.6 (1′-CO), 159.1 (CHO), 150.8 (C-2′), 133.3 (C-3″), 129.4 (C- 4″,8″), 129.0 (C-5″,7″), 127.7 (C-3′), 125.0 (C- 4′), 120.3 (C- 6′), 119.2 (C-5′), 112.8 (C-1′), 76.1 (C- 8), 75.0 (C-9), 71.1 (C- 4), 53.8 (C-3), 50.3 (C-7), 41.8 (C-2″), 29.4 (C-β), 28.1 (C-α), 22.5 (C-γ), 17.9 (9-CH3), 15.2 (4-CH3), 14.0 (C-δ).以上波谱数据与文献[8]报道一致,故鉴定其为antimycin A9.
化合物6:无色针晶; mp. 130~133 ℃; HR-ESI-MS:m/z487.205 0 [M+Na]+(C23H32N2O8Na理论计算值, 487.205 8);1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3)δ: 12.68 (1H, br. s, 2′-OH), 8.55 (1H, d,J=8.5 Hz, H- 4′), 8.50 (1H, d,J=1.7 Hz, 3′-CHO), 7.92 (1H, s, NH-3′), 7.24 (1H, d,J=8.1 Hz, H- 6′), 7.09 (1H, d,J=7.6 Hz, 8-OH), 6.92 (1H, t,J=8.5 Hz, H-5′), 5.73 (1H, m, H- 4), 5.24 (1H, t,J=7.4 Hz, H-3), 4.87 (1H, m, H-9), 3.58 (1H, m, H- 8), 2.34 (1H, m, H-7), 1.58 (2H, m, H-1″), 1.47 (2H, d,J=6.2 Hz, H-2″), 1.30 (2H, m, H-3″), 1.29 (2H, m, H- 4″), 1.27 (2H, m, H-5″), 1.27 (3H, m, H- 6″);13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3)δ: 174.2 (C- 6), 170.4 (C-2), 169.6 (C-11), 159.0 (3′- CHO), 150.8 (C-2′), 127.6 (C-3′), 125.0 (C- 4′), 120.4 (C- 6′), 119.2 (C-5′), 112.8 (C-1′), 77.4 (C- 8), 76.5 (C-9), 70.9 (C- 4), 53.9 (C-3), 52.7 (C-7), 31.8 (C-δ), 29.3 (C-ε), 29.1 (C-α), 27.4 (C-γ), 22.7 (C-β), 18.6 (9-CH3), 15.2 (4-CH3), 14.2 (C-ζ).以上波谱数据与文献[9]报道一致,故鉴定其为kitamycin A.
化合物7:红色油状; mp. 44~45 ℃; HR-ESI-MS:m/z817.609 8 [M+Na]+(C54H82O4Na理论计算值, 817.611 5);1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3)δ: 5.11 (8H, m, H- 6′,10′,12′), 4.93 (1H, m, H-2′), 4.01 (3H, s, H-2), 3.98 (3H, s, H-3), 3.18 (2H, d,J=7.0 Hz, H-1′), 2.06 (16H, m, H-3,5′,9′,17′,21′,25′,29′,33′), 2.01 (3H, s, H-5), 1.97 (16H, m, H- 4′,8′,12′,16′,20′,24′,28′,32′), 1.75 (3H, br. s, H-3′), 1.69 (3H, br. s, H-35′), 1.60 (3H, s, H-36′);13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3)δ: 184.8 (C-1), 183.9 (C- 4), 144.4 (C-3), 144.2 (C-2), 141.7 (C- 6), 138.9 (C-5), 137.7 (C-3′), 135.3 (C-7′), 135.0 (C-11′,15′), 134.9 (C-19′,23′,27′), 134.9 (C-31′), 131.3 (C-35′), 124.4 (C- 6′), 124.3 (C-10′,14′,18′,22′,26′), 124.2 (C-30′), 123.9 (C-34′), 118.8 (C-2′), 61.2 (C-2,3), 39.7 (C- 4′,8′,12′,16′,20′,C-24′,28′,32′), 26.8 (C-3′,5′,9′), 26.7 (C-17′,21′,25′), 26.5 (C-29′,33′), 25.7 (35′-CH3), 25.3 (C-1′), 17.7 (C-36′), 16.4 (3′-CH3), 16.0 (7′-CH3), 16.0 (31′-CH3), 12.0 (5-CH3).以上波谱数据与文献[10]报道一致,故鉴定其为ubiquinone Q9.
化合物8:无色结晶; mp. 242~243 ℃; HR-ESI-MS:m/z431.352 0 [M+H]+(C28H47O3理论计算值, 431.352 7); 香草醛-浓硫酸溶液显紫红色,Liebermann-Burchard反应呈绿色,推测其为甾醇类化合物;1H NMR (600 MHz, MeOH-d4)δ: 5.26 (1H, m, H-7), 5.23 (2H, dd,J=12.0, 6.0 Hz, H-22,23), 3.98 (1H, m, H-3), 1.07 (3H, s, H-19), 1.06 (6H, d,J=12.0 Hz, H-26,27), 0.96 (3H, d,J=6.0 Hz, H-21), 0.63 (3H, s, H-18);13C NMR (150 MHz, MeOH-d4)δ: 143.9 (C- 8), 137.2 (C-22), 133.4 (C-23), 119.2 (C-7), 77.1 (C-5), 74.4 (C- 6), 68.6 (C-3), 57.6 (C-17), 56.1 (C-14), 44.9 (C-13), 44.5 (C-9,24), 42.0 (C-20), 40.9 (C- 4), 40.7 (C-12), 38.3 (C-10), 34.5 (C-25), 34.1 (C-2), 31.9 (C-1), 29.3 (C-16), 24.2 (C-15), 23.2 (C-11), 21.8 (C-21), 20.6 (C-27), 20.2 (C-26), 19.1 (C-19), 18.4 (C-28), 13.0 (C-18).以上波谱数据与文献[11]报道一致,故鉴定其为5α-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5,6β-三醇.
化合物9:无色针晶; mp. 178~180 ℃; HR-ESI-MS:m/z447.346 9 [M+H]+(C28H47O4理论计算值, 447.347 6);1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3)δ: 5.22 (1H, dd,J=15.2, 7.5 Hz, H-23), 5.17 (1H, dd,J=15.2, 7.5 Hz, H-22), 4.40 (2H, d,J=2.5 Hz, H- 6), 3.92 (1H, m, H-3), 3.17 (1H, d,J=2.5 Hz, H-7), 2.61 (2H, m, H-15), 2.32 (1H, m, H-9), 2.10 (2H, m, H- 4), 1.94 (2H, m, H-2), 1.86 (1H, m, H-24), 1.76 (2H, m, H-16), 1.04 (1H, d,J=6.6 Hz, H-21), 0.91 (1H, m,J=6.8 Hz, H-25), 0.87 (6H, m, H-18,19), 0.82 (3H, d,J=6.8 Hz, H-28), 0.80 (3H, d,J=6.8 Hz, H-27);13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3)δ: 153.5 (C-14), 136.1 (C-22), 133.1 (C-23), 126.0 (C- 8), 69.5 (C-3), 68.7 (C-5), 65.9 (C- 6), 62.1 (C-7), 57.6 (C-17), 43.8 (C-24), 43.7 (C-13), 40.4 (C-20), 40.1 (C- 4), 39.6 (C-9), 37.4 (C-12), 36.7 (C-10), 33.9 (C-26), 33.0 (C-1), 31.9 (C-2), 28.0 (C-16), 25.8 (C-15), 22.1 (C-21), 20.8 (C-28), 20.5 (C-27), 19.8 (C-11), 18.9 (C-19), 18.5 (C-18), 17.3 (C-25).以上波谱数据与文献[12]报道一致,故鉴定其为麦角甾- 8 (14),22E-二烯-3β,5α,6β,7α-四醇.
化合物10:无色针晶; mp. 227~232 ℃; HR-ESI-MS:m/z467.349 5 [M+Na]+(C29H48O3Na理论计算值, 467.350 4);1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ: 5.22 (1H, dd,J=15.0, 7.2 Hz, H-22), 5.16 (1H, dd,J=15.0, 8.4 Hz, H-23), 5.08 (1H, d,J=2.4 Hz, H-7), 4.50 (1H, d,J=5.4 Hz, H- 6), 4.26 (1H, d,J=5.4 Hz, H-3), 3.74 (1H, m, H-3), 3.60 (1H, s, H-5), 3.38 (1H, br. s, H- 6), 2.01-1.83 (6H, m, H-2,9,12,20,24), 1.83-1.77 (1H, m, H-14), 1.69-1.61 (2H, m, H-16), 1.61-1.21 (11H, m, H-1,2,4,11,15,17,25), 0.99 (3H, d,J=6.0 Hz, H-21), 0.91 (3H, s, H-19), 0.88 (3H, d,J=6.6 Hz, H-27), 0.81 (3H, d,J=7.2 Hz, H-28), 0.80 (3H, d,J=7.2 Hz, H-26), 0.55 (3H, s, H-18);13C NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ: 139.7 (C- 8), 135.5 (C-22), 131.5 (C-23), 119.5 (C-7), 74.5 (C-5), 72.3 (C- 6), 66.0 (C-3), 55.4 (C-17), 54.3 (C-14), 43.1 (C-13), 42.3 (C-9), 42.1 (C-24), 40.3 (C-2), 40.1 (C-20), 39.0 (C-12), 36.7 (C-10), 32.5 (C-11,25), 31.2 (C- 4), 27.8 (C-16), 22.7 (C-15), 21.4 (C-1), 21.1 (C-21), 19.8 (C-26), 19.5 (C-27), 17.8 (C-19), 17.3 (C-28), 12.1 (C-18).以上波谱数据与文献[13]报道一致,故鉴定其为豆甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6α-三醇.
化合物11:无色针晶;mp. 170~172 ℃; HR-ESI-MS:m/z451.318 2 [M+Na]+(C28H44O3Na理论计算值, 451.319 0);1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3)δ: 5.21 (1H, dd,J=16.0, 7.0 Hz, H-23), 5.16 (1H, dd,J=16.0, 7.5 Hz, H-22), 4.40 (1H, br. s, H-7), 3.97 (1H, m, H-3), 3.31 (1H, d,J=2.5 Hz, H- 6), 1.11 (3H, s, H-19), 1.01 (3H, d,J=7.0 Hz, H-21), 0.90 (3H, d,J=6.5 Hz, H-28), 0.84 (3H, d,J=7.0 Hz, H-27), 0.82 (3H, d,J=7.0 Hz, H-26), 0.60 (3H, s, H-18);13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3)δ: 136.4 (C-9), 135.3 (C-22), 132.8 (C-23), 127.8 (C- 8), 69.5 (C-3), 68.0 (C-5), 66.5 (C-7), 63.5 (C- 6), 54.5 (C-17), 50.5 (C-13), 43.7 (C-24), 42.9 (C-20), 41.3 (C- 4), 40.0 (C-14), 38.9 (C-12), 36.5 (C-10), 33.9 (C-25), 31.7 (C-1), 31.1 (C-2), 29.9 (C-16), 24.7 (C-15), 24.3 (C-21), 23.7 (C-27), 21.8 (C-26), 20.9 (C-11), 20.6 (C-28), 18.6 (C-18), 12.2 (C-19).以上波谱数据与文献[14]报道一致,故鉴定其为5α,6α-环氧- (22E,24R)-麦角甾- 8,22-二烯-3β,7α-二醇.
化合物12:无色针晶; mp. 183~184 ℃; HR-ESI-MS:m/z451.318 1 [M+Na]+(C28H44O3Na理论计算值, 451.319 0);1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3)δ: 5.24 (2H, m, H-22,23), 4.76 (1H, m, H-7), 4.39 (1H, m, H-3), 3.47 (1H, d,J=2.8 Hz, H- 6), 2.60 (1H, d,J=12.5, 11.5 Hz, Hβ- 4), 1.55 (3H, s, H-19), 1.01 (3H, d,J=6.8 Hz, H-21), 0.94 (3H, d,J=6.8 Hz, H-28), 0.88 (6H, d,J=6.8 Hz, H-26,27), 0.85 (3H, s, H-18);13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3)δ: 137.2 (C-9), 135.7 (C-22), 132.4 (C-23), 126.7 (C- 8), 68.7 (C-3), 67.1 (C-7), 63.4 (C-5), 60.3 (C- 6), 54.5 (C-17), 51.3 (C-14), 43.0 (C-24), 42.1 (C-13), 40.7 (C-20), 39.2 (C- 4), 38.1 (C-10), 36.3 (C-12), 33.3 (C-25), 31.0 (C-1), 29.4 (C-16), 23.8 (C-15), 23.2 (C-11), 23.1 (C-19), 21.2 (C-21),20.2 (C-27), 19.8 (C-26), 17.8 (C-28), 11.7 (C-18).以上波谱数据与文献[15]报道一致,故鉴定其为5α,6α-环氧- (22E,24R)-麦角甾- 8,22-二烯-3β,7β-二醇.
化合物13:无色针晶; mp. 195~197 ℃; HR-ESI-MS:m/z467.313 1 [M+Na]+(C28H44O4Na理论计算值, 467.313 9);1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3)δ: 5.49 (1H, d,J=1.8 Hz, H-7), 5.16 (1H, dd,J=15.2, 7.1 Hz, H-23), 5.11 (1H, dd,J=15.2, 7.7 Hz, H-22), 3.80 (1H, m, H-3), 0.94 (3H, d,J=4.0 Hz, H-21), 0.92 (3H, s, H-19), 0.85 (3H, d,J=8.0 Hz, H-28), 0.77 (3H, d,J=8.0 Hz, H-27), 0.74 (3H, d,J=8.0 Hz, H-26), 0.58 (3H, s, H-18);13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3)δ: 200.3 (C- 6), 165.1 (C- 8), 136.8 (C-22), 133.8 (C-23), 121.1 (C-7), 80.3 (C-5), 76.3 (C-9), 68.0 (C-3), 57.6 (C-17), 52.9 (C-14), 46.3 (C-13), 44.5 (C-24), 42.9 (C-10), 41.8 (C-20), 37.3 (C- 4), 36.3 (C-12), 34.5 (C-25), 31.1 (C-2), 29.5 (C-11), 29.3 (C-16), 26.8 (C-1), 23.6 (C-15), 21.8 (C-21), 20.7 (C-19), 20.6 (C-27), 20.3 (C-26), 18.4 (C-28), 12.75 (C-18).以上波谱数据与文献[16]报道一致,故鉴定其为3β,5α,9α-三羟基- (22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯- 6-酮.
化合物14:无色针晶; mp. 113~114 ℃;HR-ESI-MS:m/z393.315 0 [M+H]+(C28H41O理论计算值, 393.315 9);1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3)δ: 6.62 (1H, d,J=9.5 Hz, H-7), 6.05 (1H, d,J=9.5 Hz, H- 6), 5.71 (1H, s, H- 4), 5.28 (1H, dd,J=15.2, 7.3 Hz, H-23), 5.21 (1H, dd,J=15.2, 8.0 Hz, H-22), 1.08 (3H, d,J=6.7 Hz, H-21), 1.02 (3H, s, H-19), 0.98 (3H, s, H-18), 0.93 (3H, d,J=6.8 Hz, H-28), 0.85 (3H, d,J=6.8 Hz, H-27), 0.83 (3H, d,J=6.8 Hz, H-26);13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3)δ: 199.8 (C-3), 164.7 (C-5), 156.4 (C-14), 135.3 (C-22), 134.3 (C-7), 132.9 (C-23), 124.8 (C- 8), 124.7 (C- 6), 123.3 (C- 4), 56.1 (C-17), 44.7 (C-9), 44.3 (C-13), 43.2 (C-25), 39.7 (C-20), 37.0 (C-10), 35.9 (C-12), 34.4 (C-1,2), 33.4 (C-24), 28.1 (C-16), 25.6 (C-15), 21.5 (C-21), 20.3 (C-26), 20.1 (C-27), 19.3 (C-18), 19.3 (C-11), 18.0 (C-28), 17.1 (C-19).以上波谱数据与文献[17]报道一致,故鉴定其为4,6,8 (14),22-麦角甾四烯-3-酮.
化合物15:无色针晶; mp. 131~132 ℃; HR-ESI-MS:m/z395.330 7 [M+H]+(C28H43O理论计算值, 395.331 6);1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3)δ: 5.80 (1H, d,J=2.1 Hz, H- 4), 5.23 (1H, dd,J=15.0, 7.0 Hz, H-23), 5.20 (1H, s, H-7), 5.16 (1H, d,J=15.0 Hz, H-22), 1.19 (3H, s, H-19), 1.03 (3H, d,J=6.5 Hz, H-21), 0.94 (3H, d,J=7.0 Hz, H-28), 0.84 (3H, d,J=7.0 Hz, H-27), 0.82 (3H, d,J=7.0 Hz, H-26), 0.56 (3H, s, H-18);13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3)δ: 199.5 (C-3), 169.2 (C-5), 139.7 (C- 8), 135.6 (C-22), 132.4 (C-23), 122.9 (C- 4), 115.8 (C-7), 56.0 (C-17), 55.2 (C-14), 46.0 (C-9), 43.6 (C-13), 43.0 (C-24), 40.6 (C-20), 39.2 (C-12), 38.2 (C-10), 34.3 (C-2), 33.3 (C-25), 33.1 (C- 6), 28.3 (C-16), 23.0 (C-15), 22.2 (C-11), 21.5 (C-19), 21.3 (C-21), 20.1 (C-26), 19.9 (C-27), 17.8 (C-28), 12.4 (C-18).以上波谱数据与文献[18]报道一致,故鉴定其为 (22E,24R)-麦角甾- 4,7,22-三烯-3-酮.
3.2 细胞毒活性
体外抗肿瘤细胞活性筛选结果显示,2、5、6、7和14对本实验3种肿瘤细胞具有较好的抑制作用(表1).
表1 化合物1-15的体外细胞毒活性Table 1 Cytotoxic activities of compounds 1-15 in vitro (μg·mL-1)
4 讨论
本研究从链霉菌H41-55发酵物中分离鉴定了15个化合物,主要为抗霉素类和甾醇类化合物.抗霉素类化合物具有多种生物活性,主要为抗真菌、抗虫、抗炎及抗肿瘤等.抗肿瘤方面,抗霉素类化合物作为电子传递链的抑制剂, 能引起细胞内活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)水平上升和谷胱甘肽(glutathione, GSH)含量的损耗,诱导细胞凋亡,显著地抑制人宫颈癌细胞HeLa的生长[19].甾醇类化合物也具有抗肿瘤活性,甾醇能够抑制致癌物质的产生,通过诱导非正常细胞周期的细胞进行细胞周期停滞,刺激肿瘤细胞脱噬来抑制肿瘤细胞的生长和繁殖.甾醇还能够结合到细胞膜中,具有改变膜流动性和膜结合酶的能力,改变引起肿瘤生长的信号传导路径,抑制肿瘤血管的生长和转移[20].本实验从海洋放线H41-55发酵物中分离得到的抗霉素类化合物5和6以及甾醇类化合物14均具有一定的抗肿瘤作用,为进一步研究海洋放线菌抗霉素类和甾醇类化合物奠定了基础.