维尔纽斯科技园，维尔纽斯，立陶宛

2018-06-19建筑设计A2SM建筑事务所

世界建筑 2018年6期

建筑设计：A2SM 建筑事务所

Architects: A2SM Architects

1 鸟瞰/Aerial view

对今天的欧洲城市来说，最切实的话题之一就是如何赋予建筑遗产以新生，并适应当代需求。这么说的原因在于，当遗产能够为新的主人所使用、照料和爱护，遗产保护工作总能更加自持、有效。由于大部分建筑遗产皆位于城市中，若使用得当，它们将成为一项宝贵的资源，帮助吸引人才、资本并营造独一无二的地方形象。其间的挑战，往往在于遗产保护的严格法规与新功能的野心及建筑形象的创新之间的矛盾。

在维尔纽斯，一处19世纪沙皇时代的医院街区被赋予了一项非同寻常的功能。名为“维尔纽斯科技园”的这一建筑综合体，在受到严格保护的同时成为数十家创业者的家。建筑师谨慎修复了建筑外部，并在室内融入新的功能。历史建筑的室内元素，诸如砖墙、木吊顶、瓷砖、壁炉、烟囱等，共同赋予开放大空间以独特的特征，服务于创业者的需求。鉴于创业者的流动性，室内空间皆便于改造，以适应不同业主。为了避免不同业主可能带来的审美混乱，建筑师为所有房间都配备了相同家具及其他元素。为了避免落入当代办公空间的常规形象，建筑师创造性地使用重建工程的尾料——例如木料，用来为桌子和吧台铺面。

综合体的功能布局不同于常规的办公室。它不仅提供灵活的办公空间，也附带当代商务和创意孵化器所需的设施：如礼堂、会议中心、正式和非正式讨论室。庭院中设计扩建了两条由简单玻璃幕墙建造的廊道，将不同建筑连接起来。由于预算限制，如今只建成了一条。

为了防止它成为“聪慧青年的封闭社区”，建筑也欢迎当地居民的参与：公园面向公众开放，其中一间翻修建筑还被用作当地社区的教育中心。□（黄华青译）

项目信息/Credits and Data

客户/Client: 维尔纽斯科学艺术中心/Vilnius Technology and Arts Centre

主创设计师/Lead Architects: Aurimas Sasnauskas, Sla Malenko, Joris Šykovas, Eglė Židonytė, Greta Frišmantaitė,Paulius Venckūnas. 联合设计/Collaborating Architects:Senojo miesto architektai, Diana Sabaliauskienė

工程团队/Engineering Team: Dovilė Šporaitė, Arvydas Stumbras, Mantas Baltrušaitis, Arūnas Antanavičius,Algirdas Baltrušaitis

面积/Area: 10,200m2

摄影/Photos: Norbert Tukaj

2 外景/Exterior view

Giving a new life to architectural heritage,adjusting it to contemporary needs, is one of the most actual topics for any European city. It is plausable not only because the preservation of the heritage is much more self-sustaining and works better when it is used, taken care of and loved by a current users. As the major part of architectural heritage is inside a city, it is a valuable resource, that,if used in a smart way, could help to attract people,economy and create unique image of the place. The challenge often lies in a conflict of strict regulations of preservation and ambition of new program and innovative architectural image.

In Vilnius, a tsarist hospital quarter of XIX c. was adjusted to an unconventional function. Embracing name of "Vilnius Tech Park", a complex of strictly protected buildings became home for dozens of startups. The architects carefully renovated exteriors, and adjusted interiors to the new programme. Historic interior elements, such as brickwork, wooden ceiling,ceramic tiles, fireplaces, chimneys, etc. give specific character to big open spaces, adjusted to the needs of a start-up. Because of shifting nature of a start-up,the premises are easily transformable and adjustable to different tenants. Ir order to avoid aesthetic chaos,possibly brought by every tenant, the architects equipped the rooms with the same furtinure and other elements. In order to avoid generic image of an interior of a contemporary office, the architects used creatively the tailings of the reconstruction – e.g., the wooden elements were used to cobble tables and the bar.

The programme of the complex is different from the one of an usual office layout. It offers not only flexible office spaces, but additional infrastructure for contemporary business and creativity hub: rooms for events, conferences, formal and informal meetings.Two corridors, connecting the buildings, are to be expanded towards the inner courtyarnd through the glazed simple shaped annexes. Due to a limited budget only one of them is implemented today.

In order to avoid formation of a "gated community of smart youth" the local citizens are welcome: the park is open to the public and one of the renovated buildings is given to a local community's educational centre. □ (Text by Rūta Leitanaitė)

韩林飞：维尔纽斯科技园，是由沙皇时期军事医院的砖建筑改造而成，属于历史建筑遗产改造项目。在改造中，建筑被赋予了一个大胆并富有创新性的功能——创业中心综合体。面对综合体灵活的空间需求，建筑保留下原有的平面结构，仅植入两条廊道，将不同功能连接起来。新添加的体块使用了简单且具有物理透明性的玻璃幕墙，旧建筑的立面倒映其上，将加建部分对原有建筑的影响降到最低，低调而隐秘，是一种较好的与古为新的设计手法。

历史建筑中诸如砖墙、木吊顶、瓷砖、壁炉、烟囱等室内元素被保留下来，用作空间的展览部分，同时旧的屋顶木材被重制成室内家具，物得其用。这些历史元素的保留再利用，充分表达了建筑遗产的原真性。

从城市的角度看，维尔纽斯科技园在尊重与保护建筑遗产的基础上，植入当代的功能需求，与现代的城市发展充分融合。公共空间的对外开放，使历史建筑融入现代化的城市交往空间，这些巧妙的设计构思、熟练的建筑材料与空间的设计手法使这组历史建筑焕发青春，展现了新的生命力。

3 外景/Exterior view

4 综合体平面/Complex plan

5-7 内景/Interior views

8 轴测图/Axonometric

HAN Linfei: Vilnius Tech Park has converted from the brickwork of a Czarist-era military hospital; a project requiring the renovation of a historical heritage building. Through the renewal, the architecture has been boldly and innovatively transformed into an entrepreneurial hub. The original planar construction has been kept to meet the requirement of being a flexible space. However, two galleries have been created to connect the different functions. These newly-added parts use a simple, transparent glass curtain wall which reflects the façade of the old section, thus minimizing the impact of the new extension by keeping it modest and hidden. This is a great design approach for renovation.

The interior elements of this historical building,including the brick wall, wooden ceiling, ceramic tiles and chimney, have all been retained as spacial exhibits; while the wooden roof has been refashioned into indoor furniture to let all things serve a purpose.The recycling of historical elements helps preserve the authenticity of this building's heritage.

From the perspective of urban advancement,Vilnius Tech Park has served modern needs by becoming part of contemporary city development,whilst still respecting and protecting its historical heritage. (Translated by Dandan Wang)

周渐佳：维尔纽斯科技公园的名称和她的建筑形象形成了有趣的反差：曾作为沙皇时代医院街区的综合体保留了最古典的布局与形制，似乎与“创业”“科技”的印象相去甚远。如同设计者所自述的，改造的工作在努力地让建筑遗产融入这个时代的生活方式与审美趣味。其中的挑战不仅在于如何使这座来自19世纪且带有强烈功能属性的建筑重新适应现在的使用需要，同样在于这种设计的姿态——是遵从历史建筑的逻辑，还是引入新的秩序、建筑语言、形态去开启历史与当下的对话？显然，沿原有建筑增加廊道的作法更趋于前一种选择。这也令人猜测，如果是后一种作法会不会带来更激进、更有观点的结果？

ZHOU Jianjia: The name of Vilnuis Tech Park is in sharp yet interesting contrast to the image of this building: as an old hospital complex in tsarist Russia,its classical layout and structure has been retained;this seems to be a far cry from the impression of"entrepreneurship" or "technology". As the architect himself explained, such reconstruction attempts to blend this architectural heritage with the new lifestyle and aesthetic taste in the modern era. His challenge is not simply how this 19th century building with its strong functional attributes can meet the contemporary needs; but also to decide which design approaches should be adopted: follow the logic of the design of this historical architecture, or introduce a new order, architectural language and form in order to start a dialogue between the past and present?Obviously, the new addition, two galleries, to its original building indicates the designer's choice of the former approach. Such choice makes one wonder whether a more radical and inner-directed result would be produced if the latter method was employed.(Translated by Dandan Wang)