判断名词单复数的5条依据
2018-03-19何晓鸽
何晓鸽
在四年高考10套试卷中,有7套语法填空考了名词由单数变为复数,有8套短文改错考了名词的单复数。可见,名词的单复数是高考中的高频考点,学会判断名词单复数的方法也就非常重要了。
其实,在高考试题中,判断一个名词用单数还是复数,就这么五条依据。
一、根据名词本身的特性
如不可数名词只有单数形式。常见的不可数名词有fun, advice, information, knowledge, work(工作),homework, housework, progress, luggage, baggage, time(时间),furniture, equipment, money等。如:
1.(2015年全国Ⅰ卷)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.
解析:因air是不可数名词,没有复数形式,故airs错了,应改为air。句中的谓语is getting是单数,根据主谓一致原则,我们也可判断主语应是单数。
2.(2014年全国卷)He says if I decide to do something, it takes him much times to stop me.
解析:因time作“时间”解是不可数名词,不可数名词是没有复数的,所以句中的times应改为time。
二、根据名词前的修饰语
如可数名词前面有both, all, these, those, one and a half, ten, several, some, few, many, a couple of(几个),a large number of, a lot of, lots of, each of, one of等时,一定是用复数。
3.(2017年全国Ⅲ卷)She has turned down several 67 (invitation)to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
解析:由前面的several可知,要填其复数形式invitations。
4.(2017年全国Ⅰ卷)This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect)such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
解析:根据前面的修饰语some可知,可数名词effect应用复数effects;另外,从such as所举的例子overweight and heart disease (肥胖和心脏疾病)也可看出,不止一种副作用(side effects)。
5.(2016年全国Ⅰ卷) The nursery team switches him every few 69 (day)with his sister so that
解析:由空前的修饰语few可知,填day的复数形式days。
6.(2015年全国Ⅰ卷) Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65 (painting).
解析:根据空格前的修饰语many可知,要填其复数形式paintings。
7.(2014年全国Ⅰ卷) Since then—for all these year—we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.
解析:由修饰语all these可知,其后应接复数名词,故将year改为years。
三、根据主谓一致原则
8.(2016年全国Ⅱ卷)Recent 46 (study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.
解析:谓语动词为show,根据主谓一致原则,空格处应填study的复数形式studies。
9. (2014年全国Ⅰ卷)While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 69 (change)are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.
解析:在句中做主语或冠词后应当用名词,change除作动词外也可作名词;其后的谓语动词是are,根据主谓一致原则,主语也应是复数,故填change的复数形式changes。
四、根据下文信息
10. (2017年全国Ⅰ卷)The instructor kept repeating the word,“Speed up!”“Slow down!”“Turn left!”
解析:根据后面的“Speed up!”“Slow down!”“Turn left!”这三句话可知,The instructor不断重复的不是一句而是三句,故将word改为复数words。
11.(2015年全国Ⅱ卷)One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.(省略3句)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found that his parents
were missing.(省略2句) Five minutes later, Tony saw his parents.
解析:Tony去購物中心,是跟他的父亲或母亲去的,还是同他的父母一起去?在远隔数句后两次出现了parents,可见,他是同父母一起去的,故将parent改为parents。
五、根据常识
12.(2017年全国Ⅱ卷)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61 (crowd)on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.
解析:根据常识,不同公路上,上下班的人群肯定不是一群人,而是一群一群的人,无数群的人,故填其复数形式crowds。
13.(2013年全国Ⅰ卷)He was tall, with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black to gray over the years.
解析:根据常识,肩有左肩和右肩,因此shoulder通常用复数。
责任编辑 蒋小青