雅思大作文段落写作之“TEER”四步法

【摘要】在21世纪的今天，教育全球化已然成为了一个不可逆转的趋势。根据中国教育部的相关数据，近年来中国赴海外求学学生的数量一直保持增长趋势。诸多学生在备考语言考试即雅思（IELTS）的过程中尤其在写作板块问题较为突出。本文将重点讲解针对雅思写作中的大作文较为有效的“TEER”四步法。

【关键词】雅思写作 “TEER”四步法

一、雅思大作文题型分析

（1）议论文（argumentation）

1） 给出一种观点——（To what extent） do you agree or disagree？

Creative artists should always be given the freedom to express their own ideas（in words， pictures， music or film） in whichever way they wish. There should be no government restrictions on what they do.

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion？

— From Test 3 of Cambridge 4

2） 给出两种对立的观点——Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

It is generally believed that some people are born with certain talents， for instance for sport or music， and others are not. However， it is sometimes claimed that any child can be taught to become a good sports person or musician.

Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

— From Test 1 of Cambridge 7

3） 分析優缺点——Do you think the advantages/ benefits outweigh its disadvantages/ problems？

Many museums charge for admission while others are free.

Do you think the advantages of charging people for admission to museums outweigh the disadvantages？

— From Test 4 of Cambridge 10

（2）报告（report）

给出一种现象——causes/effects/solutions

In some countries the average weight of people is increasing and their levels of health and fitness are decreasing.

What do you think are the causes of these problems and what measures could be taken to solve them？

— From Test 4 of Cambridge 8

二、“TEER”四步法理论概述

根据雅思官方的评分标准，在雅思写作中考生需要注意的基本问题如下：写作任务回应情况、连贯与衔接、词汇丰富程度、语法多样性及准确性。鉴于此，在具体段落写作中，考生在段落结构上可采用“TEER”四步法来应对。

T：Topic sentence。段落首句，旗帜鲜明地提出核心论点，为该段后续的论证打下基础。

论点的提出分为从第一人称和第三人称的视角提出。具体而言，如若从第一人称视角，常用的基本句型为：介词性短语如“as far as I am concerned/as I see it/from my perspective/in my point of view/from where I stand/personally speaking/in my opinion/as for me/in my eyes/according to my knowledge”和宾语从句如“I （firmly/strongly/earnestly） believe/hold/reckon/deem/consider/feel that...”。

E：Explanation。第二句对核心论点进行理论上地展开讲解和补充，为之后的例证做好铺垫。

理论展开在一定程度上也可以称作理论论证，故而在这一步可以使用其他具体的理论论证方法，如对比论证、因果论证、假设论证等。考生在这一步可常用的句型表达有“in other words/to be specific/to be exact/to put it in another way/by this I mean/what it means is that...”。

E：Exemplification。采用例证法对前文的论点进行进一步实际论证，以达到有理有据的论证效果。

第三步的例证法是为了实现理论加实际的论证结构，以至于整个文章不会太过空洞，也不至于落入纯粹说理的俗套。但是，考生需要注意的是，这个过程中的例证无需从细节入手进行大篇幅的举例说明，更提倡以点带面式的例证手段。这一环节中比较提倡的地道表达有“for example/for instance/a case in point is.../...is a typical example/take...as an example”。

R：Reinforcement。段末可进一步强化论点，增加说服力。

段末的强化句实则也是为了加强论证效果，但是在具体操作过程中，这一步可根据需要自行调整或舍弃，因为如果前文的三步阐释到位，即使没有强化句一样已然达到了说理充分、论证有效的目的。总结性或强调性的相关表达如“thats why.../therefore/in conclusion”等都可以用在段末这一步。

三、案例分析

该部分案例分析采用本文第一部分依次出现的各类题型原题。

议论文：

（1） There is no denying that without any governmental restrictions the works of some artists might be of adverse impacts on certain members of the society. （T） To be exact， those adolescents who are lack of the ability to accurately distinguish right from wrong are vulnerable to some contents in the works. （E） For instance， out of curiosity they are very likely to imitate some violent or pornographic conducts presented in different forms of arts. （E） Therefore， thats why it is indeed necessary for the government to effectively control what artists try to show and express. （R）

（2） I personally believe that some people do have talents that are probably inherited via their genes. （T） Such talents can give individuals a facility for certain skills that allow them to excel while more hard-working students never manage to reach a comparable level. （E） Excellent examples are great musicians like Beethoven and professional sports players such as Phelps because their incomparable born aptitude has offered a desirable foundation for the further career development. （E） Hence it has to be admitted that without the natural talent， continuous training would be neither attractive nor productive. （R）

（3） The first and foremost reason given by opponents of charging for museum admissions is that this will deprive all citizens of the right to familiarize themselves with culture and history. （T） In other words， the charge is believed to keep some underprivileged citizens out of the museum halls. （E） In this way， for example， a child from a not well-off family background is sure to miss the chance to authentically get close to the exhibits and know more about the related culture and history. （E） In order to present all community members a fair chance to know the culture and history of human civilization， all should be entitled free access to museums. （R）

报告：

The first factor contributing to the average weight increase and health level decline， as far as I am concerned， is the unhealthy dietary structure todays people keep. （T） To be specific， nowadays an increasing number of people tend to have unbalanced or even undesirable eating habits. （E） For instance， they cannot resist the temptation of fast food which is certainly rich in fat and calorie， and sometimes due to the tightened work schedule they are likely to neglect meals or have them at an irregular time. （E） By and by these habits easily generate some health problems as mentioned above. （R）

四、結语

通过理论阐释和案例呈现，我们会发现“TEER”这样的四步段落写作法比较符合逻辑，也能够较好地达到雅思官方对于写作板块的要求，且对于任何水平的备考者而言都比较容易入手。但是，必须指出的是，文中所给案例中的具体句型词汇并非固定要求和单一程式，而是仅供参考的范本。最后，雅思写作部分的得分跟考试人员其他诸多方面的能力紧密挂钩，如词汇量、语法熟悉度、个人基本知识储备等。

参考文献：

[1]李霞.雅思写作常见问题与备考策略研究[J].课程教育研究， 2017，02.

[2]卢潇颖.基于翻转课堂的雅思写作课程设计[J].佳木斯职业学院学报，2015，09.

[3]胡娟.建构主义在雅思写作教学中的应用[J].长江大学学报（社科版），2014，12.

作者简介：陈希东（1988-），男，汉族，硕士，助教，研究方向：语言学及英语教学。