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宾语从句“五注意”

2017-10-15倪祖玲

报刊荟萃(下) 2017年1期
关键词:陈述句语序主句

倪祖玲

在学习宾语从句时,必须注意以下五个方面的问题:

一、注意正确使用引导词

(1)当宾语从句由陈述句变化而来时,用that来引导从句,其中的that无具体意义,一般可以省略。如:

I hear (that) shes going to give me a call.

Lin Tao thought (that) the TV play was interesting.

(2)当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时,可用if/whether來引导从句,意为“是否”。If/whether一般情况下可以互换。但whether 可以和or not 连用,if 则不能。如:

David asked her if/whether she slept well last night.

I dont know whether it is going to rain tomorrow or not.

(3)当宾语从句由特殊疑问句变化而来时,用连接代词who/whose/what /which 或连接副词when/where /why/how 来引导。如:

Do you know where we can stay on the island?

I dont know why Jane was late for school this morning.

二、注意正确使用语序

在含有宾语从句的复合句中,宾语从句都要使用陈述句语序,即:引导词+主语+谓语+其它,还要注意原来的助动词或情态动词要符合相关的时态。如:

When did the train leave ? I want to know.--I want to know when the train left.

Does the shop close at six every day? Do you know ?--Do you if/ whether the shop closes at six every day ?

三、注意正确使用时态

(1)如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句,宾语从句时态不受限制,可以根据实际表达的需要来确定。如:

I hear he is here today ./he was here yesterday ./ he will be here tomorrow.

(2)如果主句是一般过去时,宾语从句应与主句保持一致,即使用过去时态的某种形式。如: He said he was watching TV./ he had swept the floor ./ he would play football after school.

(3)如果宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象、科学真理等时,从句不受主句限制,用一般现在时。如:

Everyone answered there are sixty minutes in an hour.

The teacher said the moon goes around the earth.

四、注意否定提前

當主句的谓语动词为think , believe , suppose 等动词时,且主语为第一人称,从句的否定提前。此外,这种情况的反意疑问句,其反意疑问部分应由从句决定。如:

I dont believe he is a doctor, is he ?

I dont think they know you , do they ?

五、注意复合结构

在find ,make, think等一些可带有复合宾语的动词后,为保持句子平稳,常将实际宾语(主要是that引导的从句)后置,而使形式宾语it.如:

I think it important that we should learn English well.

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