小学英语教学中文本再构的策略
2017-08-28杨洁
杨洁
摘 要:文章立足于文本再构的理论基础和教学实践,针对现行小学英语PEP教材本身的局限性,采用行动研究法,探讨了基于现行小学英语PEP教材进行文本再构的策略。作者提出应在小学英语课堂上挖掘“原版”资源,让学生感受英语语言之美;创设相关情境学习文本,从而引领学生体验英语文化之美。
关键词:文本再构;小学英语;PEP教材
文本再构是基于教材和学生特点而采用的富有创造性的文本处理方式,它是指教师对现有教材的语言内容进行改编、改写或整合,以适应不同的学生个体或群体。文本再构是基于教材的再构,更是基于学生的再构,它真正把学生看作主观能动的独立个体,以新课标“一切为了学生的发展”为最高宗旨和核心。
一、挖掘“原版”资源再构文本,让学生感受英语语言之美
学习者在学习语言的过程中所接触的各种语言素材是学习者学习语言的蓝本,也是学习过程的起点。因此,教师应充分挖掘语言素材,进行适当的文本再构。原版的英语儿歌及诗歌原汁原味,蕴含着丰富韵律美和音乐美,为我们提供了文本再构的绝佳素材。教师利用儿歌再构文本,能让学生感受语言之韵律美。儿歌充满韵律、节奏感强,这些特点符合小学生认知特点和身心发展要求。
二、创设相关英语情境,激发学生的学习兴趣
语言是活动和情境的产物,语言的学习与情境紧密相关。在教学过程中,要求所有的情景都是学生亲身经历是不可能的,通过教师运用图片、声音、文字和动画一体的多媒体教学,同样能为学生提供生动逼真的教学情境,易于调动和保持学生的学习兴趣。如PEP五年级下册Unit 1“ My day”Part B Read and write 原始文本进行再构,笔者创设情境在大海边捡到一个“漂流瓶”,里面装有一封来自于鲁滨逊的信件,通过播放鲁滨逊在荒岛上生存的动画视频帮助学生构建荒岛的画面,再构文本如下:
A new day has come to Robinson
My name is Robinson. I live on a desert island. I am so lonely and sad, but I have to be alive. I need to make things on my own. I always wake up early every day. I pick up berries for my breakfast. Then I grow wheat and corn on the island. Sometimes I build a cave with pebbles. In the afternoon, I usually go hunting in the forest. Sometimes I go fishing beside the sea. I like baking fish best. It tastes yummy! I can enjoy with my friend. He is a lovely parrot. His name is Bob. He often sings and dances for me. That makes me happy.
Read and think:
Q1: What is Robinson like?
Q2:Whats your hope for Robinson?
笔者深度挖掘原始文本进行了文本拓展,以“On the Mars”为背景,通过让学生观看《火星救援》电影视频片段创设情境,以主人公马克在火星上的一天是怎样度过的再构文本如下:
Marks one day on the Mars
Hi, I'm Mark. I am a cool spaceman from the USA. I landed on the Mars by spaceship. I always wake up early in the morning. I clean my face and teeth, then I only eat potatoes for breakfast. I often try to grow potatoes in the soil. I also try to make water. That sounds amazing,but I get it. I am good at making things.
In the afternoon,I usually go for a walk with my spacesuit(宇航服)on the Mars. Sometimes I climb a hill and enjoy the nice scene. In the evening,I always listen to my favorite songs and keep a diary of my day. Another day has gone,I am still alone. Bring me home!
筆者设计阅读任务Read and tick or cross:
(1)Mark is a spaceman from the UK.( )
(2)Mark landed on the Mars by subway. ( )
(3)Mark tries to grow potatoes on the Mars. ( )
(4)Mark wants to go home. ( )
英语有无尽的美感和丰富的内涵。教师应多渠道利用资源,通过基于教材的文本再构使学生在教师的引领下用心感受英语的语言魅力,认真体味英语的文化内涵。
参考文献:
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(作者单位:甘肃省兰州市七里河区敦煌路小学)