汉语句法的习得对英语作文的正迁移作用

叶秀兰

【摘 要】得作文者得天下。本文着重从作文的角度来诠释高中英语句法的运用，从而使学生在写作中能够自如地运用简单句和復合句。

【关键词】英语作文；问题；方法

母语的习得对第二语言的学习是具有迁移作用的。在英语五个简单句的学习中，教师完全可以利用汉语习得对英语学习的迁移作用来消除零基础学生对英语句法的恐惧感。汉英两种语言在陈述句中的语序是基本相同的。如：

I love you （我爱你）；

否定句中，英语的否定成分在被否定的成分之前，汉语也同样。如：

I dont like him（我不喜欢他）；

介宾短语中，英汉两种语言都是介词在前，名词在后，如：

at school （在学校）

一、英语5个简单句的学习

学生不会分析句子成分，甚至在写作文时都久久不能动笔。从心理上，教师可以利用汉语对英语句法的迁移作用来增加学生自信，从汉语的角度引导学生说出主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语七大句子成分。让学生说出几句汉语简单句并分析这些句子的成分。例如：我是一个学生（主谓宾）。我们学习（主谓）。小明学习英语（主谓宾）。我寄给他一封信（主谓间宾直宾）。我们叫他小明（主谓宾宾补）。与学生一起把上述例子翻译为英文之后则与学生要掌握的5个简单句完全吻合，分别是：I am a student （S+V+P）。We study（S+V）。Xiao Ming studies English（S+V+O）。I sent him a letter（S+V+o+O）。We call him Xiao Ming（S+V+O+C）。

同时帮助学生理解并记忆这个简单句的作文常用句型：

主语+find＼think＼feel it + adj.+（for sb.）+ to do..

教会学生如何在简单句中添加定语和状语成分来使句子变得丰满。以2015年高考英语全国新课标1卷的作文为例，让学生尽量用简单句来作文，字数不限。

以下是廉江三中高三（15）班某位同学的作文蓝本：

Dear Peter，

Id like to ask you to write an article for our schools English newspaper. The “foreign culture” is about the customs in America. Most of our school students feel it important to learn foreign cultures. Sometimes it has something about the middle school students life too. It is very popular in our school. Can you introduce your school life for us？ 400 words or so is OK. You must give me the article before June 28.

二、英语写作中常用从句的学习

1.宾语从句的学习

以S+V+O这个简单句导入，把S+V+O简单句和宾语从句进行比较教学。教师要侧重强调宾语从句的时态和语序。以2015年英语高考作文为例，引导学生在作文中学以致用。例如：I wonder whether you can help me. ＼ Could you tell me how you spend your holidays？..

2.表语从句的学习

本文作者认为，学生只要在作文中能够正确使用以下三个句型即可：The reason＼fact＼question is that.， That is why.， It is because.。以2015年英语高考作文为例：The question is that you must give me the article before June 28. ＼That is why it is so popular with us...

3.状语从句的学习

（1）时间状语从句。要求学生掌握时间状语从句的时态并且重点掌握when＼whenever， till＼until， as soon as引导的时间状语从句。

（2）条件状语从句。条件状语从句由if， unless， so＼ as long as引导 。在条件状语从句中要用一般时表示将来时（与时间状语从句相同，主将从现。）

（3）由because引导的原因状语状语从句。例如：The English newspaper is very popular because it is very interesting and funny.

三、学生作文成品展示

Dear Peter，

Id like to ask you to write an article for our schools English newspaper. The English newspaper is very popular with us because it is interesting and funny. The “foreign culture” is about the customs in America. Most of our school students feel it important to learn foreign cultures. As we all know， America is a country which is full of interesting festivals. I really need your help just because you are a native. Would you tell us how many important festivals there are in your county？ And how do you spend them？ Besides， you also can write about some great heroes whose stories are admired by your people. And please tell us the reason why they are so welcomed. Whats more， there are something about the foreign middle school students life in the newspaper. Can you introduce your school life for us？ It will be fine as long as you can write 400 words.

Well， would you please send me your article before June 28？ I will be really grateful to you if you can give me hand.

Best wishes！ And Im looking forward to your letter！