艾司西酞普与非洛地平联合治疗高血压合并抑郁的效果观察
2017-05-27张兵倩王明
张兵倩++王明
[摘要] 目的 探討艾司西酞普与非洛地平联合治疗高血压合并抑郁的效果。 方法 选取2014年2月~2015年5月在我院诊治的高血压合并抑郁症的患者98例,根据随机奇偶数字法分为研究组和对照组,各49例,对照组给予降压药物非洛地平缓释片(5 mg/d),研究组在对照组的基础上,给予抗抑郁药物艾司西酞普兰(10 mg/d),治疗4周后分别对两组患者的临床基线数据、治疗前后的舒张压、收缩压、汉密尔顿抑郁量表和汉密尔顿焦虑量表进行比较和分析,并比较治疗过程中的不良反应。 结果 研究组与对照组的临床基线数据相比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者治疗前舒张压、收缩压、汉密尔顿抑郁量表和汉密尔顿焦虑量表评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后两组患者的舒张压、收缩压、汉密尔顿抑郁量表和汉密尔顿焦虑量表均显著降低,且研究组与对照组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者治疗期间的不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 艾司西酞普兰与非洛地平联合治疗高血压合并抑郁患者的临床效果较好且安全性高,临床上应予以推广。
[关键词] 艾司西酞普兰;非洛地平;高血压;抑郁症
[中图分类号] R544.1;R749.4 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2016)35-0093-04
Observation of the efficacy of escitalopine combined with felodipine in the treatment of hypertension complicated with depression
ZHANG Bingqian WANG Ming
Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Putuo District Peoples Hospital of Zhoushan City in Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316100, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of escitalopram combined with felodipine in the treatment of hypertension complicated with depression. Methods A total of 98 patients with hypertension complicated with depression who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from February 2014 to May 2015 were selected. According to the random odd and even number, they were divided into the study group and the control group, with 49 cases in each group. The control group was treated with antihypertensive drug of felodipine(5 mg/d). The study group was given antidepressant drug of escitalopram(10 mg/d) on the basis of the control group. The clinical baseline data, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, hamilton depression scale(HAMD) and hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA) before and after the treatment were compared between the two groups after treatment for 4 weeks. The adverse events were also compared during the course of treatment. Results There was no significant difference in the clinical baseline data between the study group and the control group(P>0.05); there were no significant differences between the two groups in diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, hamilton depression scale and hamilton anxiety scale before the treatment(P>0.05). After the treatment, the diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, hamilton depression scale and hamilton anxiety scale of the two groups were significantly reduced, and the differences between the study group and the control group were statistically significant(P<0.05); there was no significant difference in adverse events between the two groups during the course of treatment(P>0.05). Conclusion Escitalopram combined with felodipine in the treatment of hypertension complicated with depression has a better clinical efficacy and high safety, which should be promoted and applied clinically.
[Key words] Escitalopram; Felodipine; Hypertension; Depression
随着生活节奏的加快,精神类疾病的发病率逐年增高。抑郁症是一种常见的精神类疾病,患者在发病时,会伴有伤人、伤己、危害社会等行为,甚至会自杀,严重危害患者、家庭及社会的稳定团结。高血压为常见的心血管疾病,发病时患者的机体可分泌大量的肾上腺皮质激素,通过神经激素的反射作用,可引起患者情绪低落,导致抑郁患者的抑郁程度加重[1]。艾司西酞普兰(escitalopram)是选择性最高的一种5-HT再摄取抑制剂,是治疗抑郁症的常用药物[2-4]。非洛地平(felodipine)为选择性钙离子通道拮抗剂,临床用于治疗轻、重度的原发性高血压[5-6]。基于此,本文主要观察艾司西酞普与非洛地平联合治疗高血压合并抑郁症的效果。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选取2014年2月~2015年5月在我院诊治的高血压合并抑郁症的患者98例,其中男44例,女54例,年龄38~78岁,平均(48.13±11.25)岁。纳入标准:①符合高血压和抑郁症的临床诊断标准;②在治疗期间未服用其他规定外的药物;③患者知情并签署同意书。排除标准:①合并精神神经系统疾病患者;②合并严重肝肾功能障碍的患者;③近期突发家庭变故的患者;④恶性肿瘤患者;⑤正在服用多种维生素的患者;⑥严重认知障碍患者;⑦近期服用过肝药酶诱导剂:苯巴比妥、苯妥英钠和酰胺咪嗪等。将98例受试患者根据随机奇偶数字法分为研究组(49例)和对照组(49例),两组患者的临床基线数据比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性(表1)。
1.2 治疗方法
对照组给予非洛地平缓释片(商品名:波依定,阿斯利康制药有限公司,批号:H20030415,规格:5 mg/片),5 mg/d,每天1次,4周为1个治疗疗程,治疗1个疗程;研究组在对照组的基础上给予草酸艾司西酞普兰(浙江金华康恩贝生物制药有限公司,批号:H20130106,规格:10 mg/片),10 mg/d,每天1次,4周为1个治疗疗程,治疗1个疗程后,进行疗效评价。
1.3 观察指标
①临床基线数据:性别、年龄、体质指数、抑郁症病程和高血压病程;②血压的测定方法:采用经校正的汞柱式血压仪,所有患者的血压测定均由1人统一完成,测量前要求患者休息5 min,取坐位测量,采取袖带法测定患者右上臂的肱动脉血压,注意药保持肘关节与心脏处于同一水平。根据Korotkoff 5期法测量原则,听到第1期时代表收缩压(systolic blood pressure,SBP)的数值,最终消失的第5期时代表舒张压(diastolic blood pressure,DBP)的数值,每位患者测量两次,取两次平均值计为该患者的最终血压数值,若两次测量差>5 mmHg时,则需要重复测量;③比较治疗前后两组患者的汉密尔顿抑郁量表(hamilton depression scale,HAMD)和汉密尔顿焦虑量表(hamilton anxiety scale,HAMA),由经过培训的两名评定者进行评定检测,HAMD共17项,满分为54分;HAMA共14项,每项的评分标准为:0分代表无症状;1分代表轻度;2分代表中等;3分代表重度;4分代表极重度,满分为56分[7]。④比较两组患者治疗期间不良反应:头痛、面色潮红和体位性低血压。
1.4 统计学处理
应用SPSS 19.0统计学软件对数据进行统计学分析,计数资料以[n(%)]表示,采用χ2检验;计量资料呈正态分布的定量数据以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组间比较采用t检验,不符合正态分布的数据采用秩和检验,P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 两组患者治疗前后降压效果比较
两组患者治疗前舒张压和收缩压比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后两组患者的舒张压和收缩压均显著降低(t=10.448,P=0.000;t=12.705,P=0.000;t=4.130,P=0.000;t=3.600,P=0.001),且治疗后研究组与对照组比较,差異有统计学意义(t=4.424,P=0.000;t=10.113,P=0.000)(P<0.05),见表2。
2.2 两组患者治疗前后HAMD和HAMA评分比较
两组患者治疗前HAMD和HAMA评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后两组患者的HAMD和HAMA的评分均显著降低(t=11.586,P=0.000;t=10.138,P=0.000;t=4.951,P=0.000;t=5.042,P=0.000),且治疗后研究组与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(t=6.461,P=0.000;t=3.692,P=0.000)(P<0.05),见表3。
2.3 两组患者治疗期间不良反应比较
研究组与对照组患者治疗期间的不良反应比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表4。
3 讨论
高血压是一种心血管疾病,其与抑郁症的关系越来越受到了人们的关注,临床研究发现,抑郁症患者出现心肌梗死、猝死、脑卒中等严重心脑血管疾病的发病率和死亡率均升高[8,9]。高血压为终身性疾病,随着患者病程的延长,患者会产生一定的心理负担,产生抑郁、焦虑等不良情绪。研究显示,抑郁症为高血压发病的独立危险因素之一[10],故而,高血压合并抑郁症患者的治疗应双管齐下,在控制住血压的基础上,加强对抑郁症的治理。非洛地平为第2代的钙离子通道拮抗剂(calcium channel blockers,CCB),其能够可逆性地竞争二氢吡啶的结合位点,阻断血管平滑肌电压依赖性的Ca2+通道,还可扩张冠状动脉继而降低心肌细胞的耗氧量,发挥降压的作用[11,12]。目前认为抑郁引起高血压的可能机制有:(1)机体长期处于抑郁的情绪下,可导致交感神经长期兴奋,肾小球动脉持续收缩;(2)垂体加压素的分泌增多,可通过肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(rein-angiotensin-aldosterone-system,RAAS)引起水钠潴留;(3)下丘脑的功能失调,垂体肾上腺皮质的活动增加,促进固醇类激素分泌,导致水钠潴留[13-15]。
艾司西酞普兰为外消旋西酞普兰的左旋对映体,是具有高选择性5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)的再摄取抑制劑(selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor,SSRI),临床上用于治疗抑郁症和焦虑症等效果良好,其作用机制主要是通过抑制突触前膜对5-羟色胺的再摄取作用,从而提高突触间隙中的5-羟色胺浓度而改善患者的抑郁和焦虑症状[16-21],此外,艾司西酞普兰还可改善躯体障碍患者的认知功能[22-24]。本研究结果显示,治疗后两组患者的舒张压和收缩压均显著降低,且研究组与对照组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),提示艾司西酞普兰在高血压合并抑郁症患者的降压方面起到较好的辅助作用。在临床上选择降压药物时,还需对患者进行相应的心理治疗,如心理疏导、健康教育、放松训练等,以便于获得更好的治疗效果。本研究结果显示,研究组联合应用艾司西酞普兰和非洛地平治疗后,其汉密尔顿抑郁量表和汉密尔顿焦虑量表均显著降低,与对照组比较,具有统计学差异(P<0.05),提示艾司西酞普兰治疗抑郁和焦虑的效果较好。此外,两组患者在治疗期间不良反应发生率比较无统计学差异(P<0.05)。
综上,艾司西酞普与非洛地平联合治疗高血压合并抑郁症患者的临床效果较好,且安全性高,临床上应予以推广。
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(收稿日期:2016-08-09)