HPLC—ELSD同时测定酸枣仁中6种成分的含量
2017-05-27赵祥升杨美华弓宝
赵祥升 杨美华 弓宝
[摘要] 目的 建立同时测定酸枣仁中6种成分含量的高效液相色谱-蒸发光检测器(HPLC-ELSD)法。 方法 经70%乙醇超声提取80 min,采用Kromasil C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5.0 μm)色谱柱进行分离,以乙腈-0.1%乙酸为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,柱温35℃;ELSD检测,载气流速为2.9 mL/min,漂移管温度为100℃,测定酸枣仁中斯皮诺素、酸枣仁皂苷A、酸枣仁皂苷D、酸枣仁皂苷B、酸枣仁皂苷B1和白桦脂酸6种成分的含量。回收率计算采用外标法,按峰面积计算。 结果 斯皮诺素、酸枣仁皂苷A、酸枣仁皂苷D、酸枣仁皂苷B、酸枣仁皂苷B1和白桦脂酸在各自质量浓度范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(R2>0.9991);平均加样回收率为94.91%~99.35%,RSD为0.78%~1.23%。不同产地酸枣仁中6种成分的含量差异较大,斯皮诺素和白桦脂酸的含量最高,3批样品中检测到酸枣仁皂苷B1。 结论 该方法简便、准确、重现性好,适用于酸枣仁中多成分的同时快速检测。
[关键词] 酸枣仁;多成分测定;高效液相色谱-蒸发光检测器
[中图分类号] R917 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2016)12(c)-0149-05
[Abstract] Objective To establish a HPLC-ELSD method for simultaneous determination of six compounds in ZiziphiSpinosae Semen. Methods The sample was extracted by ultrasonication for 80 min using 70% ethanol and the target compounds were separated on a Kromasil C18 chromatographic column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5.0 μm). A mixture of acetonitrile-water containing 0.1% acetic acid was utilized as the mobile phase at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and the column temperature was set 35℃. The drift tube temperature of ELSD was 100℃ with carrier gas flow rate of 2.9 mL/min. The contents of spinosin, jujuboside A, juboside D, jujuboside B, jujuboside B1 and betulinic acid were determined on the above conditions. External standard method was used to measure recovery based on the peak areas. Results The six target analytes (spinosin, jujuboside A, jujuboside D, jujuboside B, jujuboside B1, betulinic acid) all exhibited good linear relationships (R2 > 0.9991) in their relatively wide concentration ranges. The average recoveries varied between 94.91% and 99.35% with RSD of 0.78%-1.23%. The contents of the six components in ZiziphiSpinosae Semen collected from different locations in China exhibited great variations. Spinosin and betulinic acid had the highest contents in all samples, and jujuboside B1 was only detected in three samples. Conclusion This established HPLC-ELSD method is simple, quick and accurate, which can be used for quality control of Semen ZiziphiSpinosae.
[Key words] Semen ZiziphiSpinosae; Multi-compound analysis; HPLC-ELSD
酸枣仁为鼠李科植物酸枣[Ziziphus jujube Mill. Var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H.F. Chou]的干燥成熟种子,具有养心补肝、宁心安神、敛汗、生津的功效,为镇静安神的传统藥物之一[1],主要成分为皂苷类、黄酮类和三萜类[2-7]。黄酮和皂苷类是酸枣仁镇静安眠的有效成分[8-10],三萜类具有抗肿瘤、抗HIV等作用[11-12]。2015年版《中国药典》仅将斯皮诺素和酸枣仁皂苷A作为其质量控制的指标性成分,由于中药多组分、多靶点的特性,个别指标不足以全面反映其品质,因此建立多指标的质量评价方法更具有科学意义。目前酸枣仁活性成分含量测定方法主要是HPLC测定其中一类或两类的含量[2-4,13-19],同时测定黄酮、皂苷和三萜类的研究还未见报道。本研究采用高效液相色谱-蒸发光检测器(HPLC-ELSD)法同时测定酸枣仁中斯皮诺素,酸枣仁皂苷A、B、B1、D和白桦脂酸的含量,为其质量控制提供参考。
1 仪器与试药
1.1 仪器
Waters 1525型高效液相色谱仪;2000ES型蒸发光散射检测器(美国Alltech公司);KQ-500DE型超声波清洗器(昆山市超声仪器有限公司)。XS105DU电子分析天平(上海托利多有限公司);Milli-Q超纯水系统(Millipore USA)。
1.2 试药
酸枣仁收集于河北、北京、山西、陕西、河南、山东、辽宁等地。斯皮诺素(11869-201203)、酸枣仁皂苷A(110734-200510)、酸枣仁皂苷B(110814-200607)和白桦脂酸(111802-201001)对照品由中国药品生物制品检定所提供;酸枣仁皂苷B1(20120527)和酸枣仁皂苷D(20120605)购自大连美伦生物科技有限公司,对照品纯度均大于98.0%。乙腈、甲醇为色谱纯(Fisher),其他试剂为分析纯。
2 方法与结果
2.1 对照品储备液的制备
精密称取6种对照品适量,加甲醇制成含斯皮诺素1.26 mg/mL,酸枣仁皂苷A 1.02 mg/mL,酸枣仁皂苷D 0.876 mg/mL,酸枣仁皂苷B 0.732 mg/mL,酸枣仁皂苷B1 0.918 mg/mL和白桦脂酸1.314 mg/mL的混合对照品储备液。
2.2 供试品溶液的制备
精密称取1.0 g过40目筛的酸枣仁样品,置于15 mL离心管中,加入5.0 mL 70%乙醇,称重,室温超声80 min,放冷,用溶剂补足减失的量,摇匀,滤过,续滤液经0.22 μm微孔滤膜滤过,即得。
2.3 色谱条件
色谱柱:Kromasil C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5.0 μm);流动相:乙腈(A)-0.1%(V/V)乙酸(B),梯度洗脱:0~10 min,19%~23% A;10~15 min,23%~45% A;15~20 min,45%~50% A;20~25 min,50%~70% A;25~30 min;70%~100% A;30~35 min,100%~19% A;运行时间50 min;流速:1.0 mL/min,进样量20 μL,柱温:35℃;蒸发光检测器漂移管温度为100℃,雾化气:N2,载气流速为2.9 mL/min。
2.4提取方法的优化
实验中考察了影响超声提取效率的因素:溶剂(50%、70%、80%乙醇),时间(30、45、60、80 min)和料液比(1∶5、1∶10、1∶15)。结果显示,当乙醇浓度大于70%和时间大于80 min时,待测物的含量无显著增加,料液比对提取率没有明显差异。最终提取方法为1.0 g样品经5 mL 70%乙醇超声提取80 min。见图1。
2.5方法学验证
2.5.1 线性关系考察 取混合对照品溶液,用流动相稀释成一系列不同质量浓度的工作溶液,进样分析,以进样浓度的对数和对应平均峰面积(n=3)的对数计算回归方程(表1)。目标化合物在各自的质量浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系(R2>0.9991)。以信噪比为3时的质量浓度为检测限(LOD),以信噪比为10时的质量浓度为定量限(LOQ)(表1)。
2.5.2 精密度实验 精密吸取混合对照品溶液,连续进样6次,结果6种成分的峰面积RSD<2.0%,表明仪器精密度较好。
2.5.3 稳定性实验 取同一供试品溶液,分别于0、2、4、8、16、24 h进样,计算峰面积RSD。结果6种成分峰面积的RSD < 3.0%,表明供试溶液在24 h内稳定。
2.5.4 重复性试验 按“2.2”项下方法制备6份供试品溶液,按“2.3”项下色谱条件进样,结果6种成分峰面积的RSD值在1.8%~3.0%之间,表明该方法的重复性良好。
2.5.5 加样回收试验 精密称取已知含量的酸枣仁0.5 g(n=6),分别加入相当于含量100%的对照品溶液,按照“2.2”项制备供试品溶液,进样,计算加样回收率,结果见表2。
2.6 样品检测
分别制备不同产地酸枣仁样品的供试品溶液,进样测定,对照品和样品色谱图见图2,样品中6种成分的含量見表3。
3 讨论
文献中常用的流动相为甲醇/乙腈和酸(甲酸、乙酸)的水溶液[2-4,12,20],乙腈较甲醇有较强的洗脱能力。在水溶液中添加甲酸可以防止峰拖尾,提高分离度和峰形,结合预实验效果,本研究采用乙腈-0.1%乙酸为流动相。蒸发光检测器漂移管的温度目标物的响应值没有规律性,当温度为100℃时响应较好。目标物响应值随着载气流速的降低而增加,但载气流速太小可能会使流动相不能完全挥发,最终确定载气流速为2.9 mL/min。
本研究建立了同时测定酸枣仁中6种成分的HPLC-ELSD方法,操作简便,结果可靠,对其质控具有科学意义。通过对不同产地酸枣仁样品的检测,结果表明不同产地中目标成分含量差异较大。所有样品中斯皮诺素和酸枣仁皂苷A的含量均高于《中国药典》规定的标准,而酸枣仁皂苷B1仅在3批样品(山西、陕西和辽宁)中检测到,反映了不同产地和来源的酸枣仁样品存在质量差异。
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(收稿日期:2016-09-20 本文编辑:王红双)