四步智取短文改错

蒙杏菊

短文改错主要考查考生英语语法的综合运用能力，在高考英语第一轮的复习中，许多学生已掌握了基本的英语语法，然而学生在做题时得分仍然不高。针对考生在改错中的失分情况，笔者总结出“四步”解题方法，帮助考生提高得分率。

一、读

做短文改错首先要通读全文，了解文章的大意，对文章的结构和行文逻辑要做到心中有数。切忌一边读一边改，以防先入为主而导致失分。即使对于一些比较简单的错误，也不必急于修改。

二、译

当考生理解了文章大意后，不妨对每句话进行翻译，在翻译的过程中就会发现某些错误特别明显，这种错误主要集中在逻辑意义上的错误和固定搭配上的错误。

[例1]（2016全国新课标Ⅱ卷）My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.

解析：译成汉语为“我的同学和我正在谈论在假期怎样做”。如何做什么呢？意义不通，应为“正在讨论做什么”，由此可知，故改 how为what。

[例2]（2016全國新课标Ⅰ卷） My uncle is the owner of a restaurant... he hopes that our business will grow steadily.

解析：译成汉语为“我叔叔是一家餐馆的老板……他希望我们的生意能稳定增长”。叔叔的餐馆与“我们的生意”不合逻辑，应是“他的生意”，故改our为his。

[例3]（2016广州一模）Thanks for his advice， I never give up when I do anything.

解析：译成汉语为“因他的建议而感谢，当我做任何事情，我从不放弃”。显然，前后逻辑不通顺，应为“多亏（thanks to）他的建议，我做任何事都不放弃”。故改for为to。

三、思

所谓“思”就是认真思考各种词类在句子中的运用是否正确。这要求考生要以句子为单位，逐句研读，分析句子成分，判断各种词类在句子中的运用是否正确。从近几年的高考全国卷来看，短文改错中的错误主要集中在词类的混用上。主要考点归纳成以下表格。建议考生每次在做改错题前，列出以下表格中的考点，在做题过程中逐一对照分析。

四、改

经过第二步的“翻译”和第三步的“思考分析”，考生基本能发现短文中的错误，到了第四步的“修改”也变得得心应手了。在修改的过程中，必须遵循“四不改”和“四原则”。

“四不改”是：（1）单词拼写不改；（2）大小写不改；（3）词序不改；（4）标点符号不改。

“四原则” 是：（1）忠实于原文，不改变句意；（2）错误以改动最少为最佳；（3）添加或删除只针对虚词（冠词、介词、代词、连词）；（4）实词只改形式，不改变其词意。

【实战演练】（2016全国新课标Ⅲ卷）

The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years in my life. At the first， I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. However， my parents didnt seem to think such. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. At one time， I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. Now I am leaving home to college. At last， I will be on my own， but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.

参考答案：

The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years in my life. At the first， I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. However， my parents didnt seem to think such. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. At one time， I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. Now I am leaving home to college. At last， I will be on my own， but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever ∧need help.

责任编辑 蒋小青