练侦探之眼 解完形之疑
2017-02-17山东逄琳琳
山东 逄琳琳
练侦探之眼 解完形之疑
山东 逄琳琳
很多同学特别喜欢夏洛克系列电影,对于神探夏洛克神乎其神的破案技能非常膜拜。事实上,做完形填空也如侦探破案,需要根据蛛丝马迹步步推敲,全面考量,才能真正将一篇完形填空做得十分成功。接下来本文将分三部分来帮你练就侦探之眼,解决完形之疑。
第一,联系法答疑
在完形填空中,我们一定会碰到好多难以抉择的题目。这种情况下,是应该仔细观察选项,选一个自己觉得最有可能的,还是随便碰运气蒙一个呢?对于神探夏洛克来说,勘察周边案发现场,找到可能的案发线索才是应该做的。同理,同学们此时也不要紧盯着选项,而是在设空的周围发现有价值的提示。事实上,每个设题人在此处设题绝非空穴来风,也就是说每个空的设置必须建立在一定的依据之上。这个依据就是有价值的线索。一般会有三种线索:句内线索,段内线索和文内线索。相对应地,我们有三种方法,即句内联系,段内联系和文内联系来解决这类题目。
句内联系:
【考例1】(2016•全国卷I)Once fire and emergency people arrived, Larry and the other man 56 and let them go to work.
56.A.stepped forward B.backed off
C.moved on D.set out
【解析】56题,根据上文 fire and emergency people arrived ,可判断出56空后them指代以上人员,那么Larry和原先营救的那人最好是back off(后撤),不耽误消防急救人员干正事。完全凭句内信息就可搞定。
【考例2】(2016•全国卷Ⅲ)One afternoon, I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller 30 going over a fence—which wasn’t 31 to climb if you had both arms.
30.A.stuck B.hurt
C.tired D.lost
31.A.steady B.hard
C.fun D.fit
【解析】30题的选择需仔细分析句中going over a fence ,知道是翻越篱笆时stuck(卡住)了,stuck是stick的过去式,故选A;31题,因为which指代前面going over a fence,可知这事在有双手的情况下是不难的,故选B。这两个题的选择均需认真分析句内的提示线索going over a fence,才能选出正确答案。
段内联系:
【考例1】(2016•全国卷I)Then, Larry asked the 57 if he was needed or 58 to go.They let him and the other man go.
57.A.woman B.police
C.man D.driver
58.A.forbidden B.ready
C.asked D.free
【解析】57题,根据上句them的指代,很容易选出police,那么58题后的句子主语是指警察,所以58空后句是指警察让他们离开,据此推测58题应是Larry问是否还需要他还是准他自由离开。
【考例2】(2016•全国卷Ⅲ)Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out.I carried my football everywhere for 23 .
23.A.practice B.show
C.comfort D.pleasure
【解析】23题做题时如果只盯着四个选项看是找不出正确答案的。应该理解上句,足球赛季开始了,all summer long I worked out(一整个夏天我一直锻炼),所以我每到一处都带着足球来练习,故选A。该正确选项的选择是根据本段内上句提供的信息做出的,段内联系的重要性可见一斑。
文内联系:
【考例1】(2017•潍坊一模) A middle-aged man named Douglas lives alone on the fourth floor of an apartment building.He keeps offhis 41 , never saying hello to anyone.He leaves his 42 out in the hallway.He 43 complains about all the inconvenience cause by his neighbors,...
...
...As they talk, he 56 that he and his wife got a divorce a year ago.He has been so heartbroken that he has been 57 to everyone he knows.
57.A.strange B.rude
C.normal D.polite
【解析】57题的选择不是在本句和本段当中查找线索就可得出的,而是需要联系第一段当中他对于朋友的种种表现,如各种抱怨,从不问好,乱扔垃圾等。由第一段的各种情况可知对待认识的人都是非常rude(粗鲁的)。由此我们知道,很多题目的选择必须联系到全文,这就要求同学们要有全局意识,不可断章取义。
【考 例2】(2016•北京卷)They would have the medicine sent by 44 from Anchorage to Nenana.From there,dogeled(狗拉雪橇 )drivers—known as “mushers”—would 45 it to Nome in a relay(接力).
The race began on January 27.The first musher, Shannon,picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night.
44.A.air B.rail
C.sea D.road
【解析】当我们读完44题所在的一段时,我们并没有找到相关的联系,所以暂时不做选择,往下读,然后我们在下一段发现了picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana,train 和地点at Nenana提醒我们44题药物是先经由火车运到Nenana,再由狗拉雪橇运到Nome的,故44题选B.rail(铁轨)。由此可见沉得住气,找到文中的关联线索可以攻克好多难关。
第二,充分利用某些关键词汇答疑
侦探到现场时,必须仔细勘察现场,以期会找到许多关键物证如头发、脚印、血液等。这些都是指认犯罪嫌疑人的重要证据。在完形填空这个现场,也有一些特别需要注意的词,它们往往是我们判定某一选项的重要依据。这些重要的词如 and, or,even, but, however,instead of , so,therefore, what’s more 等。认真体会这些词的意义,很多设空出现在这些词的前后。揣摩比较这些词前后的词或句子的意义,做题时往往会有事半功倍的效果。
【考 例1】(2016•四川卷)Lainey finished third grade.She had good grades and could read 41 grade level,but she did not like to read.
41.A.within B.on
C.to D.above
【解析】很显然41题的选择,必须考虑要和and 前She had good grades 构成并列关系且和but后的句子构成转折关系,这才能使得整个句子通顺。所以必须是成绩好且阅读能力在年级水平以上但又不喜欢阅读,故选D,可见分析这些重点提示词的作用是何等重要了。
【考例2】(2017•潍坊一模)...when Catherine and David, the couple living next door, have a baby.Instead of saying congratulations, he 46 his concern about his own sleep.
46.A.shares B.avoids
C.expresses D.expects
【解析】由上文可知邻居家有小孩,他理应祝贺,结果他不但没有祝贺,而是表达了对于自己睡眠质量的担忧。其中instead of(而不是)在此句中对46题的选择意义重大。
第三,利用已知常识答疑
须知,聪明如夏洛克这样的侦探也并非不食人间烟火。侦探破案也必须有一般人应有的常识,然后依据这个常识来推断犯罪嫌疑人的可能做法。有些完形填空中的题目我们必须有一般人应有的常识才能做出正确的判断。
【考例】(2017•潍坊一模)He constantly complains about all the inconvenience caused by his neighbours, even getting upset when Catherine and David, the couple living next door, have a baby.Instead of saying 45 , he expresses his concern about his own sleep.
45. A.yes B.no
C.thanks D.congratulations
【解析】很多同学不知道45题如何选择,事实上这是欠缺常识的表现。因为上句的提示是邻居有了baby,而此时一般人的反应必是说恭喜了,故选D。由此可见常识欠缺害人不浅。
综上,如果同学们在做完形填空时能够像侦探夏洛克一样沉住气,仔细查找可能的线索,认真分析已知的材料,对关键的提示词有相当的把握,在生活中不断积累常识,相信你一定可以成为出色的完形填空高手。
山东省高密市第三中学)