敢问高三英语一轮复习路在何方
2017-02-17陕西南美兰
陕西 南美兰
敢问高三英语一轮复习路在何方
陕西 南美兰
高考牵动着千家万户,高考事关着学生前途。英语在高考中是主科,占150分的分值,所以,有言道,得英语者得高考。可见英语成绩在高考中的举足轻重。那么,作为一线的高三英语老师,该怎样帮助学生做好一轮复习呢?笔者根据几年的复习经验,粗略谈一下做法。
一、关于单词复习
1.词不离句,句不离文
复习单词时,笔者发现许多学生盲目孤立地死记单词,十遍,二十遍地去写,去背,枯燥乏味,效果不佳。那么,该怎么有趣有效地复习记忆单词呢?我的做法是:单词短语化,短语句子化,句子情景化,情景生活化。如,在复习核心单词survive时,它的动词用法和意思有:当及物动词用时,意为“在……之后幸存下来”,“比……活得长”。当不及物动词用时,意为“幸存,残留”。如若死记汉语意思,无趣无聊,但若创设情景“The old man survived the earthquake,but nobody knew how he survived.Finally,he survived his wife by 10 years.”则会有趣许多。再比如,behave的用法复习,编小故事,创设情景,The girl was well-behaved at the banquet and everyone praised her decent behaviour.So my mother asked me to follow her and behave myself.巧学助记,是不是有故事性,有画面感,好记又难忘呢?
2.归纳总结,举一反三
英语单词的拼写是有规律的。所以,在复习中,应帮助学生总结这些规律、规则,纵横连接拓展,就可以达到举一反三,事半功倍的效果。如,英语单词中有许多前缀和后缀,它们与一些词根搭配,构成了与词根意思相关的另一个词。如,动词succeed,名词success,形容词successful,unsuccessful,副词 successfully,unsuccessfully,反义词fail,failure。又如,复习到simplify时,可联想到以-fy为后缀的词,如classify,beautify等,将这样的单词归纳复习,学生会觉得既有趣好记,又收获多多。
3.近义辨析,理清混用
对于高考必备的近义词,易混词,查词典,查资料,选择典型例句,创设熟悉情景,帮助学生提取、提炼用法搭配,效果不错。如,对arise,rise,raise的对比练习:① When they raised the price,a new problem arose.Many workers demanded a rise in salary.② Those who want to say anything more, raise your hand and then rise to speak.
再比如contain 和include的选用:① The research group produced two reports based on the survey,but neither contained any useful suggestions.② Sea water contains salt.③ Performances include Chinese fairy tales and plays.④ The horse is a frequent theme in Chinese painting,including a kind of advancement.
4.链接高考,对接真题
对于高三的老师和学生来说,历年的高考真题是宝贵的材料,因为它们紧扣大纲,贴近时代,难易适中,梯度合理。所以,借用链接时,不但增加了课堂容量,而且引起了学生的重视。如,复习appreciate的用法时,可链接①(2014•陕西高考 ) I’d appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.②(2015•福建高考) Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to judge everything so harshly.
再比如,employ的用法,①(2014•山东高考) It’s standard practice for a company like this one to employ(employ)a security officer.②(2011•辽宁高考改编) Most employers(employ) require anyone who wants a job from them to provide a home address on a job application.③(2014•陕西高考改编) Men and women must be treated equally in education and employment(employ).
二、关于课文复习
英语课文集语音、词汇和语法于一体,是英语知识的综合体现。复习课文要抓住共性,搞体裁分类,进行综合复习,并要求学生将课文复述出来,或者缩写为短文。或者将课文缩写挖空,编写为语法填空的形式,所挖的空尽量符合高考语法填空的形式,既有冠词、介词、连词,又要有给出单词让其变换形式的,时态语态,非谓语动词,名词单复数,形容词、副词的形式变化等。如Book 1 Unit 4的课文可改写为如下的语法填空:
A terrible earthquake hit the city of Tangshan on July 28,1976, in which thousands of people died and many1.were injured(injure).Many houses fell down and sand filled in the walls2.insteadof water.People were greatly3.shocked(shock).All the electricity in the city was cut4.offand people began to wonder how long the disaster would last.The whole city was completely5.destroyed(destroy) and the world seemed6.atits end.
The people in Tangshan didn’t lose hope, because 150 000 soldiers were sent7.to help(help) the rescue workers.The soldiers tried their best to dig out those8.whowere trapped.They also built shelters for the survivors.Fresh water was taken to the city by every means.Slowly, the city began to come back to life.
It was said that before the quake, strange things were happening in the countryside.The water in the village wells9.rose(rise) and fell.Fish jumped out of the ponds.Strange noises were heard in the sky, but people thought little of10.them.
还可将课文改写为短文改错,让学生通过改错更好地掌握知识点和易错点。例如,Book 1 Unit 4的第二篇课文,改写如下:
Dear students,
Congratulations! We are pleased to telling you that you have win the high school speaking competition about new Tangshan.Your speech was heard by the group of five judges,all of who agreed that it was the best one this year.Your parents and your school should be proud you! Our office would like to have you speaking in the new park, which will honor those that were died in the terrible disaster.What you know,this is the day when the quake happened thirty years before.We invite you to bring your family and friends on that specially day.
【参考答案】
1.第二句中的telling—tell
2.第二句中的win—won
3.第三句中的the—a
4.第三句中的who—whom
5.第四句中的you前加of
6.第五句中的speaking—speak
7.第五句中的were去掉
8.第六句中的What—As
9.第六句中的before—ago
10.第七句中的specially—special
三、关于语法复习
英语的语法项目分散在初、高中的各册课本中,帮助学生复习时,应加以整理,分类分块,使之系统化、条理化,甚至可以借鉴或编写一些顺口溜,帮助学生记忆清楚,记忆准确,记忆长久。例如,可就部分非谓语动词在句中作宾语的情况进行如下归纳:
1.常跟不定式作宾语的动词有: 一准备(prepare),二 决 定(decide,determine), 三 要 求(ask,demand,request), 四希望(desire,expect,hope,wish), 提供计划(offer,plan,intend), 设法学会(manage,learn), 未能选择(fail,choose), 只好乞求(beg), 拒绝答应(refuse,promise), 假装同意(pretend,agree)
2.常跟动名词作宾语的动词有:
喜欢考虑不可免(enjoy,consider,avoid)
不禁放弃太冒险(cannot help,give up,risk)
感激承认很值得(appreciate,admit,be worth)
反对想象莫拖延(mind,imagine,delay,put off)
允许完成是期待(allow,finish,look forward to)
建议保持勤操练(suggest,keep,practice)
致力原谅要坚持(be devoted to,excuse,insist on)
继续成功不错过(keep on,succeed in,miss)
3.既可跟不定式又可跟动名词,意义基本相同的动词有:begin,start,love,like,hate,prefer等。
4.既可跟不定式又可跟动名词,但意义相去甚远的动词有:forget,remember,regret,stop,go on,try,mean,stop,can not help to do和can not help doing等。
5.在 sth.need,require,want,deserve doing,和 sth.be worth doing句型中,doing的主动形式表示被动含义。
四、关于考题复习
1.完形填空:该题型考查学生的语言知识,语篇理解,活学活用的能力。难度大,得分难,所以,要加大平时的做题量。做该题时,要求学生快速阅读,全面接收文章信息,分析文章结构,理解思想与各层次之间的逻辑关系,角色融入,即假定你是文章的主人公,利用已知信息和阅读语感,合理推导,准确判断,抓住句中一些关键词,注重上、下文之间的联系,精准把握文章故事的发展与结局,运用一些固定搭配和生活常识选择答案。在做题的过程中,要多记,多悟,多总结,提炼一些做题技巧,如复现法做完形,所谓复现,不但有原词复现,而且也有近义词、反义词复现。学生可借助复现信息,确定合理的答案。还可角色融入,换位思考,构建故事画面,化难为易,巧解完形。
2.阅读理解:近年来,高考阅读理解题内容十分广泛,体裁变化多样。既要求理解具体的事实,又要求理解抽象的概念,既要求理解字面意义,又要求理解深层次含义,既要求理解具体细节,又要求理解全篇的逻辑关系。因此,老师带领学生复习时,应从以下几方面强化:
① 根据文章的体裁,快速、准确地找出文章的主题大意。要特别关注文章的首尾两段,联系生活实际,合理猜测阅读答案。
② 根据问题所问,定位答案所在,提高细节理解能力,比如读图能力,计算能力,归纳能力,还要提高细节事实综合分析能力。
③ 提高词义转换的理解能力。研究一下高考试题,我们发现大多数的细节题的正确答案都是对文章相关信息句的同义置换,转换时,多用同义词、近义词、反义词重新解释原句。
3.语法填空:关于提示类填空,要从动词的时态、语态及主谓一致、非谓语动词、词性转换、比较等级及名词单复数方面入手操练。关于非提示类填空,要从冠词、介词、代词、并列句和三大从句(定语从句,状语从句和名词性从句)、情态动词、虚拟语气和特殊句式这些方面入手操练。
4.短文改错:遵循118原则,即添词一处,删词一处,改词八处,做题时,从词法类错误、句法类错误、逻辑类错误入手寻找,还要注意改错符号的正确性。
5.书面表达:该题是大多数学生的薄弱环节,因为平时训练中,学生往往不认真对待,就是有所重视,也只是追求写完,不追求写好。正式考试时,临时突击,欠缺构思,没有亮点。正因为这些现状,所以,在平时的训练中,应从造句的形式入手,逐步过渡到短文写作。写时,要提醒学生注意单词拼写正确,动词不遗漏,时态不紊乱,人称、数、格、搭配一致,还有过渡词的运用,复合句、高级句式的运用,如,非限制性定语从句的巧妙运用,扩大句子的信息量,非谓语动词的运用,增强句子描述的生动性,固定句型、特殊句式的穿插,显示出英语功底的深厚扎实。还有,词数要够,书写不能潦草,卷面要整洁,这些都能赢得阅卷老师的好感,提高印象分。
另外,训练时,要突出文章内容的交际性,各种实用的体裁都要训练到,如说明文、信件、通知、假条、图表、看图作文、人物履历、生平介绍等。
以上就是我在高三一轮复习时的一些浅见和做法,与同仁们交流切磋,希望共同提高,希望对高三的莘莘学子有所裨益。
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