高考英语中的一致性问题例析

云南 陈培良

高考英语中的一致性问题例析

云南 陈培良

在高考英语中，各类题型都涉及一致性问题，阅读理解、短文改错题考到代词的指代；完形填空、语法填空、短文改错题考到行文逻辑一致；语法填空、短文改错题考查主谓一致、时态一致、词性一致；在书面表达题中考生在一致性问题上也常常出错，本文结合高考试题进行例析，希望能给考生一些启发。

一、主谓一致

在英语句子里，谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑一致和就近一致原则。

短文改错例1:(2014• 辽宁卷)The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.

【解析】have改为has , 本句的主语是动名词barking，作主语时，谓语动词要使用单数形式。

短文改错例2：（2014• 四川卷）I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off.

【解析】go改为goes, 本句的主语a fire alarm为单数，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式goes。

语法填空例1:( 2016•全国新课标卷Ⅱ)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 43(be) often acceptable.

【解析】动名词作主语，谓语用单数is。

语法填空例2:( 2015•全国新课标卷Ⅰ ) Yangshuo 67(be) really beautiful.

【解析】主语单数，谓语用单数is。

二、时态一致

时态一致主要是指并列谓语时态一致，主从复合句时态一致，上下文时态一致和时间状语与句子时态一致。

短文改错例1:( 2016•全国新课标卷I ) Some people even had to wait outside.

【解析】前后句都是现在时，故had改成have。

短文改错例2:（2015•四川卷） As I tell you last time,I made three new friends here.

【解析】根据上下文及时间状语last time可知应用一般过去时，故tell改为told。

语法填空例1：(2015•全国新课标卷I): It was raining lightly when I 61(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.

【解析】根据前后句时态可知用一般过去时，故填arrived。

语法填空例2:(2014•全国新课标卷Ⅱ) A boy on a bike 65(catch) my attention.He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.

【解析】根据前后句时态可知用一般过去时，故填caught。

三、指代一致

代词指代一致是指代词与所指代的名词在性、数、格上的一致，代词的作用是用来指代上下文所出现的名词以及名词词组等。短文改错题中代词的考查是难点，考生不易找到，解题时要考虑上下文中代词的使用是否一致。

短文改错例1:（2015•全国新课标卷I）We must find ways to protect your environment.

【解析】代词用法错误, 应该变your为our，意思是保护我们的环境。

短文改错例2:(2015•四川卷) If you were me , would you talk to him?

【解析】应该变him为them，根据上文可知，作者交了三个朋友，故用them而非him。

语 法 填 空例1:（2016•全国新课标卷I） I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68(it)mother.

【解析】修饰名词用形容词性物主代词，故填its。

语法填空例2:(2015•全国新课标卷I) I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with 63(it) choking smog.

【解析】句意：带着窒息的烟雾, 后面为名词，故用its。

四、逻辑一致

在英语中，当非谓语作状语时，逻辑主语应与句子主语保持一致，如Given more time, we could have done the work better.本文的逻辑一致性指的是文章中上下文之间，句际之间，各种关系之间的一致，即行文逻辑一致。

短文改错例1:(2016•全国新课标卷Ⅱ) If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.

【解析】前后句是并列关系，故but改成and。

短文改错例2:(2015•全国新课标卷I)There the air is clean or the mountains are green.

【解析】句意：那里空气新鲜并且山很绿, 前后句为并列关系，故用连词and。

语法填空例1:（2014•全国新课标卷Ⅱ）There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 62 some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.

【解析】前后两句为并列关系，故用and。句意：有很多人在公交车站等车，其中一些人看起来很焦虑和失望。

语法填空例2:（2008•广东卷）He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, 37 he felt very happy...

【解析】根据句意可知，very happy与前面very tired是转折关系，故用but。

完形填空例1:( 2016•全国新课标卷I) They told her to stay still ... 53 she thought the car was going to explode.

A.for B.so

C.and D.but

【解析】根据上下文，此处为转折关系，故用but。

完形填空例2:(2015•全国新课标卷Ⅱ) As a parent, I hated seeing my daughter playing her best, 50 still defeated.

A.if B.or

C.but D.as

【解析】根据上文可知，自己的孩子尽力了却要输，这是作为家长所不愿意看到的。考查连词以及对语境的理解，用but。

五、词性一致

英语单词在句子中的功用是不同的，在使用时应该考虑一致性，如形容词修饰名词，副词修饰形容词、动词等。

短文改错例1:( 2016•全国新课标卷I ) Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.

【解析】应该用副词steadily修饰动词grow。

短文改错例2:(2015•全国新课标卷Ⅱ) “How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried.”

【解析】修饰形容词worried要用副词，故 terrible改为terribly。

语法填空例1:(2015• 全国新课标卷Ⅰ)Abercrombie& Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69(regular)arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

【解析】应用副词regularly 修饰动词arranges，作状语。

语法填空例2:(2014•全国新课标卷Ⅱ)...the crowd of strangers 70(sudden) became friendly to one another.

【解析】修饰动词，应该用副词，故填suddenly。

云南省大理州实验中学）