腹膜透析患者血清铁调素-25与铁代谢的相关性研究*
2016-12-06王晓明
梁 衍,金 刚,冯 婷,王晓明
陕西省人民医院 肾脏内科(西安 710068)
·论 著·
腹膜透析患者血清铁调素-25与铁代谢的相关性研究*
梁 衍,金 刚,冯 婷,王晓明
陕西省人民医院 肾脏内科(西安 710068)
目的 研究持续不卧床腹膜透析(continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, CAPD)患者血清铁调素-25(Hepcidin-25)水平与铁代谢状态及残余肾功能等之间的关系。 方法 选择病情稳定且接受6个月以上CAPD治疗的患者70例作为CAPD组;体检中心40例健康者作为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法(ELISA)测定血清Hepcidin-25水平,同时检测受试者血清铁、铁蛋白(Fer)、转铁蛋白(TRF)、总铁结合力(TIBC)、血生化,血常规,估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)。Pearson法分析Hepcidin-25与其他临床指标的相关性。结果 与对照组相比,CAPD组患者血红蛋白(Hb)及eGFR降低;血肌酐,尿素及全段甲状旁腺激素升高,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。CAPD组的血清铁、TRF、TIBC明显降低,Fer和Hepcidin-25明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,CAPD组血清Hepcidin-25水平与Fer呈正相关(r=0.531,P<0.05);与Hb及eGFR呈负相关(r=-0.675、-0.543,P<0.05)。结论 CAPD患者血清Hepcidin-25水平升高,与机体残余肾功能、贫血状态有关。
腹膜透析;铁调素-25;贫血
贫血是慢性肾病的主要并发症之一,对持续不卧床腹膜透析(continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, CAPD)患者生活质量及预后具有直接影响[1]。肾性贫血的关键病因之一在于体内铁元素的缺乏,铁缺乏还会进一步影响红细胞生成刺激剂的治疗效果[2-3]。因此,监测肾性贫血患者体内铁代谢指标,有助于及时补充足够的铁元素,从而更好地改善肾性贫血。近年研究证实,铁调素在人体铁代谢过程中有重要作用,血清铁调素-25(Hepcidin-25)为其主要活性成分,可协助鉴别绝对铁缺乏或功能性铁缺乏。新近研究[4]报道,采取酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)能对人体血清Hepcidin-25水平进行严密监测,使该方法的运用成为可能。本文通过横断面研究,进一步分析铁代谢情况与血清Hepcidin-25之间的关系。
1 资料与方法
1.1 临床资料
选取2014年1月至2015年1月在陕西省人民医院肾脏内科腹膜透析中心随访治疗的CAPD患者70例(CAPD组)。为患者提供百特PD-2双联系统的腹膜透析液,每日交换量控制在6~8 L。纳入标准:1)年龄>18岁;2)接受至少6个月的腹膜透析治疗;3)入选时病情稳定;4)Hb>100 g/L。排除标准:1)3个月内有出血或输血史;2)患肝脏疾病、恶性肿瘤及血液系统疾病、慢性阻塞性肺病、活动性结核、炎性活动性疾病且服用过免疫抑制制剂、经静脉输注铁剂的患者;严重心力衰竭、急性冠脉综合征、有创伤、手术史等合并因素的患者。另选取同期我院健康体检者40例作为对照组。CAPD组男42例, 女28例,年龄(45.78±18.59)岁,体质量指数(BMI)为(22.34±3.26) kg/m2,平均透析时间(36.27±15.35)个月;原发病:慢性肾小球肾炎33例、高血压肾损害12例、糖尿病肾病19例、慢性间质性肾炎6例。对照组男24例,女16例,年龄(42.95±15.32)岁,BMI(23.45±3.39) kg/m2, 两组性别、年龄和BMI比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表1)。
表1 两组一般资料比较
1.2 测定指标
采用肾脏病饮食调整简化公式计算患者肾小球滤过率(eGFR),男性:eGFR[mL/(min·1.73m2)]=186×(Scr)-1.154×(年龄)-0.203;女性:eGFR[mL/(min·1.73m2)]=186×(Scr)-1.154×(年龄)-0.203×0.742。受试者取清晨空腹静脉血3 mL,3 000 r/min离心20 min,离心半径6 cm,分离血清,置-80 ℃冰箱保存待测。检测前标本常温解冻。血清Hepcidin-25检测试剂盒购自美国Bioswamp公司,操作步骤严格按说明书进行。另留取空腹静脉血标本采用全自动生化仪检测血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、血尿酸(UA)、血白蛋白(ALB);采用放射免疫法测定血清铁蛋白(Fer);采用放射免疫分析法测定全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH);EDTA抗凝管血液测定血常规。
1.3 统计学方法
2 结果
2.1 两组生化指标比较
与对照组比较,CAPD组的血红蛋白(Hb)、eGFR、白蛋白(ALB)水平均明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001);血肌酐(SCr)、尿素(BUN)、全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)水平均明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)(表2)。
表2 两组生化指标比较
2.2 两组铁代谢指标和Hepcidin-25水平比较
与对照组相比,CAPD组的血清铁、转铁蛋白(TRF)、总铁结合力(TIBC)均明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001),铁蛋白(Fer)和Hepcidin-25水平均明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)(表3)。
2.3 CAPD患者血清Hepcidin-25水平与各变量的相关性分析
血清Hepcidin-25水平与Fer呈正相关,与Hb、eGFR呈负相关(表4)。
表3 两组铁代谢指标及Hepcidin-25水平比较
表4 CAPD 患者血清Hepcidin-25水平与各变量的相关性分析
3 讨论
贫血是终末期肾病常见并发症之一,其发病机制主要为肾脏分泌促红细胞生成素(erythropoietin,EPO)不足或体内铁缺乏。缺铁包括相对性缺铁和绝对性缺铁两种,相对性缺铁又称功能性缺铁或铁释放障碍[5]。Hepcidin在相对性缺铁时发挥重要调节作用,该物质能促进人体肝脏合成早期多肽[6],其产物由84个氨基酸残基构成,Hepcidin降解之后生成的多肽分子具有不同生物学活性。其中,Hepcidin-20和Hepcidin-25为Hepcidin的主要存在形式,通常Hepcidin-20以单体形式存在于溶液中,Hepcidin-25则以多聚体形式存在,亦是Hepcidin的主要活性形式[7]。体内的Hepcidin-25分泌于血液中起效,并经过肾脏排泄,血清 Hepcidin-25浓度和eGFR呈负相关,肾功能减退造成Hepcidin-25在体内大量蓄积。故慢性肾病(chronic kidney disease, CKD)患者,特别是肾功能严重受损者,其体内的Hepcidin-25会明显增加[8]。
国、内外已有研究[9-13]提示,Hepcidin-25在慢性肾衰竭、肾移植、血液透析患者的肾性贫血中起重要作用,其表达受多因素调控:机体贫血、缺氧、EPO增加和铁缺乏可下调肝脏Hepcidin mRNA的表达,炎性反应、感染、铁超负荷可上调其表达。然而,国、内外关于CAPD患者血清Hepcidin-25表达水平及其相关因素的研究还很少。因此,本研究旨在阐明影响CAPD患者血清Hepcidin-25水平的相关因素及其与肾性贫血的关系,为该类患者肾性贫血的监测与治疗提供新思路。本研究发现,CAPD患者即使贫血明显改善,Hb>100 g/L,血清Hepcidin-25水平仍明显高于对照组,Hepcidin-25的表达与eGFR呈负相关。该结果与Troutt等[14]报道一致,与Niihata等[15]在血液透析(hemodialysis,HD)患者中的研究结果也一致。Hepcidin-25是通过肾脏滤过和降解,Malyszko等[16]亦发现,铁调素与肾功能显著相关。患者血清Hepcidin-25水平可随肾功能减退而升高,肾功能受损越严重的患者,经肾脏排泄的量越低,最终使得其体内Hepcidin-25水平显著升高。此外,Peters等[17]采用质谱分析法检测了84例未接受透析的CKD患者和48例HD患者的血清Hepcidin-25水平,发现CKD患者和HD患者Hepcidin-25水平与eGFR不相关;推测Hepcidin-25和eGFR之间无相关性。但本研究用ELISA法检测血清Hepcidin-25水平,结果表明其与eGFR呈负相关,上述差异可能是因为不同的检测方法所致[18]。
本研究进一步发现,CAPD患者血清Hepcidin-25水平与Fer呈正相关。作为铁代谢生物标志物,血清Fer能反映患者体内铁的储存量,与铁的存储和利用相关。因其属于急性反应产物,处于炎症期时该指标会升高,甚至与肿瘤、营养不良等有关,所以要明确将EPO缺乏、铁代谢及慢性炎症等相互作用进行区分尚存在局限性。近年研究[19]表明,监测Hepcidin-25水平更有利于区分单纯性铁缺乏和伴有单核吞噬细胞组织铁潴留,以防止过度补铁导致铁潴留,前者Hepcidin-25水平下降,而后者升高。监测CAPD患者血清Hepcidin-25水平,有利于指导临床铁剂的使用。
Hepcidin-25作为一种调节激素,可对CAPD患者体内的铁代谢进行调节,被认为是贫血的重要调节因子。缺氧、缺铁及贫血均会抑制该因子的表达,但炎症会促进其产生[20]。由于多数CAPD患者的Hepcidin-25表达存在异常,所以可将其作为检测CAPD患者是否出现功能性缺铁的指标。目前,CAPD患者Hepcidin-25表达的研究还不足,我们的研究结果仍需进一步验证。此外,进一步研究Hepcidin-25及其拮抗剂,对CAPD患者贫血或铁缺乏方面的治疗有重要意义。
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The Study on the Correlation between Hepcidin-25 and Iron Metabolism in the Patients with Peritoneal Dialysis
Liang Yan, Jin Gang, Feng Ting, Wang Xiaoming.
Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Provincial People′s Hospital, Xi′an 710068, China
Objective To study the correlation of Hepcidin-25 with the status of iron metabolism and the residual renal function in patients with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Methods 70 stable patients who had accepted CAPD treatment for more than six months were selected and divided into the CAPD group; while the other 40 healthy subjects in the medical examination center were selected and divided into the control group. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was adopted to measure the levels of Hepcidin-25 and the routine methods were used to measure the levels of serum iron, ferritin (Fer), transferrin (TRF), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), blood biochemistry, and blood routine. Meanwhile, the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated. Then, the Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation of serum Hepcidin-25 with other clinic indexes. Results The levels of eGFR and hemoglobin were significantly lower in the CAPD group than in the control group (P<0.001), but the levels of serum creatinine, serum urea, and serum intact parathyroid hormone were significantly higher in the CAPD group (P<0.001). The levels of serum iron, TRF and TIBC were significantly lower in the CAPD group than in the control group, while the levels of Fer and Hepcidin-25 were significantly higher in the CAPD group (P<0.05). The results of Pearson correlation analysis revealed that serum Hepcidin-25 was positively correlated with Fer (r=0.531,P<0.05),but it was negatively correlated with Hb (r=-0.675,P<0.05) and eGFR (r=-0.543,P<0.05). Conclusion The elevated levels of serum Hepcidin-25 in the CAPD patients are correlated with the status of anemia and residual renal function.
Peritoneal dialysis; Hepcidin-25; Anemia
http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/51.1705.R.20161027.1710.072.html
10.3969/j.issn.1674-2257.2016.05.010
陕西省社会发展科技攻关项目(No:2016SF-123)
R692.5
A