艾玛·沃特森:现代人的现代女权主义
2016-09-12fromEsquire翻译秋斯
from Esquire翻译:秋斯
艾玛·沃特森:现代人的现代女权主义
from Esquire
翻译:秋斯
年少成名,从电影、模特事业和学业三不误的常春藤名校毕业生,到出任联合国妇女署亲善大使和“他为她”(HeForShe)性别平等运动的形象大使,再到成为牛津大学的访问学者……现年26岁的学霸女神艾玛·沃特森(Emma Watson)在人生的高峰上稳步攀登,始终不骄不躁。在完成了新片《美女与野兽》(Beauty and the Beast)和《圆圈》(The Circle)的拍摄之后,2016年,艾玛创办了女权主义读书会,并宣布息影一年专注于女权运动和个人发展。本文节选自今年的英国《时尚先生》(Esquire)杂志就女权主义对话艾玛的专访。
Esquire (Hereinafter, ESQ): A lot of men may have issues with describing themselves as “a1)feminist.” Why is it important this should change?
Emma Watson: There are2)misconceptions about the word. The way it is3)constructed—it's obviously got “feminine” in the word—immediately pushes men away from it, because they think, “Oh, it's got nothing to do with me.” Also, they have this idea that it is about women competing with men, or being against men, or wanting to be men, which is a huge misconception. Women want to be women. We just want to be treated4)equally. It's not about man hating. Bell Hooks注1says, “5)Patriarchy has no gender.” It's true.
ESQ: So, you get that it's tricky?
Emma: It's really easy to trip up. I do it all the time and I'm engaged with it every day. Even the way that our language is constructed is difcult. I say “guys” to a room of girls all the time. I've even come out with “6)Man up!” And I consider myself to be someone who is engaged with this topic. The language is so7)ingrained and8)unconscious it's easy to make a mistake. Gloria Steinem注2says feminism isn't about being perfect. Rebecca Solnit注3says it's not about being9)puritanical. We aren't expecting men to be gender experts, just engaged and10)conscientious. ESQ: It's one thing for Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg or another CEO to change their company's policy on11)parental leave or gender equality. But what can the average non-billionaire guy do?
Emma: Oh, it can be really basic. You just need to be an active12)bystander. Most men I've spoken to have come across a moment where they were in a group of guys and something was happening that made them feel uncomfortable. And when that moment comes, don't think it's not worth it to speak up or not your place to ruffle feathers. We need you to do that.
语法小知识
have issues with sth. 对某事持有异议,不同意某事
trip up 犯错误
engage with 与……建立密切关系
speak up 大胆地说,自由发表意见,辩护
rufe (one's) feathers 发怒
注1:贝尔·胡克斯(Bell Hooks,1952—),本名格洛丽亚·吉恩·沃特金斯(Gloria Jean Watkins),美国女权主义理论家、作家和社会激进主义分子。
注2:格洛丽亚·斯泰纳姆(Gloria Steinem,1934—),美国女权主义者、作家、记者、社会和政治活动家,是20世纪60年代后期和70年代妇女解放运动的代表人物。
注3:丽贝卡·索尔尼特(Rebecca Solnit,1961—),美国作家。
1) feminist ['femInIst] n. 女权主义者feminine ['femInIn] n. 女性
2) misconception [,mIskən'sepʃən] n. 误解
3) construct [kən'strʌkt] v. 构造
4) equally ['iːkwəlI] adv. 公平地,平等地equality [iː'kwɒlətI] n. 平等
5) patriarchy ['peItrI,aːkI] n. 父权制,族长政治
6) man [mæn] v. 使具有男子气概,使振作精神
7) ingrained [In'greInd] adj. 根深蒂固的
8) unconscious [ʌn'kɒnʃəs] adj. 未发觉的,无意识的
10) conscientious [,kɒnʃI'enʃəs]adj. 凭良心办事的
11) parental leave 育婴假
12) bystander ['baIstændə] n. 旁观者
ESQ: What would you like to come of it?
Emma: There's no point in me going, “You all have to go away from having read this article and decide that you are a feminist.” That's useless. The only thing that is going to make a diference is if men go away and speak to the women in their lives about what they are experiencing. Whether you identify or use the word or whatever is not the important thing. It's how you choose to act.
ESQ: The comedian Amy Schumer注4said recently, “Even the most beautiful girls think they are disgusting.” Would you agree?
Emma: Oh, they do, yeah. I know a few of them. I, as a 21-year-old, was riddled with insecurity and self-13)critiquing. Some of my friends still are. I realised that I didn't like friends taking photos of me when I wasn't working and I actually got in a fight about this issue. And I wondered, why is this bothering me? Why does this make me so insecure? And I realised it's because I can't even14)reconcile myself with my own image on the front of these magazines. Comparing myself to how I look, when I've gone through all of that makeup and styling, in my normal life is…just…I can't live up to it. I was like, “If that's how I feel—and I get to be the person who's on the cover of those magazines—how's anyone else meant to15)cope?”
ESQ: That must be weird for someone whose new haircut breaks the Internet.
Emma: Yeah, it's weird, but it's been a very16)empowering switch to go from me feeling as a young woman: “There's something wrong with me, I need to change this about me.” And then you start having a go at yourself for not liking yourself and you add another layer of17)hatred to the circle. And,18)ironically, it's probably made me more beautiful and more confdent as a result because I'm not carrying that anxiety any more. I don't think it's weird any more that I don't look like myself on the cover of a magazine.
ESQ: You're taking time off from acting now to focus on HeForShe full-time. Was that a hard decision?
Emma: This is the most fun I've ever had.
It's so awesome to be at the19)forefront of that
wave and that energy and just being able to
20)channel that which I found mildly horrifying—
all of the crazy attention on me—and doing
something good with it. It just feels like I'm really
doing what I'm meant to be doing.
语法小知识
come of 产生于,来自
There's no point in doing sth. 做某事没有意义be riddled with 充满,充斥
live up to 达到,符合,不辜负(他人的期望)be meant to 必须做……,要做……
have a go at sb. 指责、数落某人
take time of 抽出一部分时间,暂时停止工作
《时尚先生》(以下简称《时》):很多男士可能不同意自称“女权主义者”。为什么改变这种局面很重要?
艾玛·沃特森:人们对这个词有很多误解。它的构词—很明显包含了“女性”在里面—一下子就与男性拉开了距离,因为男士们会想:“哦,这跟我一点关系都没有。”男士们还认为女权主义是指女性与男性竞争,或与男性对抗,或想成为男性,这是极大的误解。女人就只想成为女人。我们只是想被平等地对待。女权主义不是仇视男性。贝尔·胡克斯说过:“父权制并无性别之分。”所言极是。
《时》:那你意识到用词问题很难对付了?
艾玛:真的很容易犯错。我每天都与之打交道,但也常常出错。实际上我们语言的构建方式是艰深复杂的。我常常将一屋子的女孩们称呼为“兄弟姐妹们”。我还曾脱口说出“爷们一点儿!”我觉得自己与这个话题已经密不可分了。语言有着根深蒂固、不易察觉的特性,人们很容易就会犯错。格洛丽亚·斯泰纳姆说过,女权主义并不是要追求完美。丽贝卡·索尔尼特说过,女权主义并不是要女人变得严肃古板。我们并不期望男人都成为社会性别专家,只要他们参与进来,不昧良心就好。
《时》:脸书的总裁马克·扎克伯格或其他公司的执行总裁可以修改自己公司的育婴休假或性别平等制度,但并非亿万富豪的普通男士能做些什么呢?
艾玛:哦,其实很简单,只需要做个积极的旁观者就行了。大多数与我交流对话过的男士们都曾在社交场合上亲历过令人不适的情景。遇到这样的情况时,不要认为这不值得你直言不讳,也不要想着那不是你该大动肝火的地方。我们需要你行动起来。
《时》:你希望这样能带来怎样的改观?
艾玛:我没有理由会说:“你们全都得在读过这篇文章之后,自主地定义自己为女权主义者。”这么说没有意义。唯一有实际意义的是男士们去和身边的女性交流,了解她们的遭遇。你是否认可或使用“女权主义者”这个词并不重要,重要的是你选择采取什么样的行动。
《时》:喜剧演员艾米·舒默最近说到:“即便是最美的那些女孩也会认为自己招人讨厌。”你同意这个说法吗?
艾玛:哦,女孩们就是这样的,没错。我就认识几位这样的女孩。我21岁的时候,心里也充满了不安全感,总是对自己很挑剔。我的一些朋友至今还是这样。我当时发现自己不喜欢朋友在我不工作的时候给我拍照,其实我还因为这个问题跟朋友吵过架。我想弄清楚,为什么这会对我造成困扰?为什么拍个照让我那么没有安全感?然后我就发现,这是因为我甚至不能接受自己在杂志封面上的样子。把真实的我与化妆、做造型之后的我相比较,现实生活中我的形象……就是……达不到理想的目标。我就会想:“如果连我这样有机会登上杂志封面的人都缺乏安全感,那么其他人又该怎么办?”
《时》:对于一个换了新发型就会在网络上引起轰动的人来说,怀有这种困扰一定很奇怪。
艾玛:是的,很奇怪。但是我的心态已经有了非常自主的转变。当我还是个稚嫩的女孩时,我觉得:
“我身上有什么地方不对劲,我需要改变它。”然后因为不喜欢自己而开始数落自己,并对自己的圈
子又多了一重恨意。而讽刺的是,如今大概是因为不再有那种焦虑,我变得更美、更自信了。我不
再认为自己不像杂志封面上的样子是很奇怪的事了。
《时》:你现在暂停了演艺事业,全心专注于“他为她”运动,这是个艰难的决定吗?
艾玛:这是我一直以来最开心的决定了。能够站在那股浪潮的前沿,传递那种能量—
尽管面对着让我有点惶恐的狂热关注—还能够作出有益的贡
献,感觉非常美妙。感觉我是真正在做我应该做的事。
13) critique [krI'tiːk] v. 批评
14) reconcile ['rekənsaIl] v. 使甘心,使无奈地接受
17) hatred ['heItrId] n. 憎恨,仇恨,恶意
18) ironically [aIə'rɒnIkəlI] adv. 讽刺地
19) forefront ['fɔːfrʌnt] n. 最前线,活动的中心
20) channel ['tʃænəl] v. 输送,传送
注4:艾米·舒默(Amy Schumer,1981—),美国演员、编剧和导演,代表作为《我为喜剧狂》(30 Rock)。
Emma Watson: Modern Feminism for the Modern Man