单句语法填空专项训练

河南 张英杰

单句语法填空专项训练

河南 张英杰

1. His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab，it leads to some genes______（be）active at the wrong time of day.

2. The more birds are exposed to light，the more_____（act）they are at night.

3. I have people_____（come）to me saying “You are the bird expert. Can you help us kill these gulls？”

4. Singing is a______（cost）behaviour and it takes energy.

5. It is thought_____they are capitalizing on their predators（天敌）fleeing to quieter areas.

6. Robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night to make themselves______（hear）over loud noise.

7. People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone，quite unaware of_____is going on around them.

8. The early morning sees the_____（arrive）of large trucks with tomatoes.

9. Official fight-starters get things______（go）by casting tomatoes at the crowd.

10. The real problem is that some pedestrians seem to be，at least for the moment，in worlds of their own_____ are，to them，much more important than the welfare of others.

11. I was walking across Altrincham Road one morning ______a cyclist went round me.

12. Cyclists jump on and off pavements，ride_____ speed along the pavements，and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red.

13. Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese_____（weigh）about four kilos.

14. They should pay some sort of tax and_____（fine）for not wearing them.

15. The rest of us have to evade（避让）them or just stand still to wait for the_____（avoid）collision.

16. I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist ______（ride）on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him.

17. Some pedestrians are_____threat to road safety.

18. The label tells you_____each axis measures.

19.______（read）a line graph，it’s important to focuson the points of intersection rather than the line segments between the points.

20. The line segment goes up between Day 1 and Day 2，______means that the bird flew farther on Day 2. 21. It is_____attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics.

22. Indeed science is so good at what it does _____there’s always a temptation（诱惑）to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful.

23. _____one would expect，his writing is mostly clear and，to be fair，some chapters stand out above the rest.

24. And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed，and the unwritten，which must_____（obey）if free men live together.

25. I enjoyed，for instance，the chapter_____Harold discovers how to think on his own.

26. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies，one very powerful man______（rule）over helpless masses.

27. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful ______one chose to live alone in the desert.

28. To make yourself obey what you approved was_____（free）.

29. It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was_____the extreme importance.

30._____they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds.

31. The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control______and would take responsibility for the state.

32. The gap-year phenomenon originated（起源）_____ the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.

33. Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth_____all citizens had a right to share.

34. No doubt he had not an idea_____he was speaking Greek.

35. _____is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree.

36. That is a record 14.7% increase______the number of students taking a gap year.

37. Athens reached the point_____the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility.

38. With no gravity，it’s just as easy to pedal______（violence）.

39. Don’t do to others what you wouldn’t like______（do）to yourself.

40. Great works of art can go______national boundaries.

41. Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement______the discovery by a great scientist.

42. The value of some works of art might be essentially _____（permanence）.

43. Daniel Anderson，a famous psychologist，believes it’s important to distinguish television’s influences on children from______of the family.

44. History gives art works special appeal_____（set）them apart.

45. Popular arts are hardly distinguishable_____great arts in some way.

46. For years researchers______（attempt）to show that television is dangerous to children.

47. Now researchers are applying scientific methods _____the study of the universality of art.

48. The reason_____the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist-heavy area.

49. People are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they______access it at a later date.

50. Once_____（call）the Garden of Amsterdam，it still attracts travellers to come over to cycle and walk through the surrounding forests.

51. ______most of the Netherlands，Hilversum is actually in a hilly area with the soil mostly consisting of sand.

52. An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but_____（build）the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt.

53. In the context（背景）of this discussion，it seems ______（value）to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents’ involvement with their grown children.

54. If parents of earlier generations______（want）to be in touch with their college-age children frequently，would this have been possible？

55. Tourists are constantly feeding the ponies foods，______signs asking them not to.

56.______Chicago’s waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River，the city’s next step was to clean the polluted river.

57. _____（astonish），the Tremont Hotel stayed open during the entire operation，and many of its guests didn’t even notice anything was happening.

58. The weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison_____total waste.

59. ______（create）products out of the raw materials creates much more waste material，up to 100 times more，than the material contained in the finished products.

60. In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility_____（consider）or has been put in place as an incentive（动机）for reducing waste.

【参考答案与解析】

1.【解析】being。考查动名词。“lead to”中的to是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，且空格处与其逻辑主语“some genes”之间构成主动关系，故用动名词。

2.【解析】active。考查词性转换。根据语境“the more”可知，此处应用形容词或副词，且与语境“they are”呼应可知，此处应填形容词，即active。

3.【解析】coming。考查非谓语动词。“come”和句子谓语“have”之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词形式，且和其逻辑主语“people”之间构成主动、正在进行的概念，故用现在分词作宾语补足语。

4.【解析】costly。考查词性转换。修饰名词的词为形容词，故此处用形容词costly修饰名词behaviour，符合语境。

5.【解析】that。考查名词性从句。it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句，在从句中不作句子成分，符合语境。

6.【解析】heard。考查非谓语动词。“hear”和句子谓语“have started”之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词，且和其逻辑主语“themselves”之间构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。

7.【解析】what。考查名词性从句。what引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，符合语境。

8.【解析】arrival。考查词性转换。根据定冠词the和介词of的限定可知，此处应填名词形式，即：arrival。

9.【解析】going。考查非谓语动词。“go”和句子谓语“get”之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词，且和其逻辑主语“things”之间构成主动和进行的关系，故用现在分词作宾语补足语。

10.【解析】that/which。考查定语从句。that/which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词“worlds of their own”，符合语境。

11.【解析】when。考查连词。固定句型：be doing... when...意为“正在做某事时，突然……”，符合语境，故用连词when引导时间状语从句。

12.【解析】at。考查介词。在表示“速度、价钱、频率等”时，经常用介词at。

13.【解析】weighing。考查非谓语动词。“weigh”和句子谓语“is”之间没有连词，且和其逻辑主语“Stilton cheese”之间构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。

14.【解析】be fined。考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，“fine”和句子主语“they”之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，且与“pay”并列，故应填be fined。

15.【解析】unavoidable。考查词性转换。修饰名词的词为形容词，且此处表示否定的概念，故应填unavoidable，符合语境。

16.【解析】riding。考查非谓语动词。“ride”和句子谓语“knock”之间没有连词，且和其逻辑主语“a cyclist”之间构成逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。

17.【解析】a。考查冠词。“threat”在此处是抽象名词具体化，故用不定冠词修饰。

18.【解析】what。考查名词性从句。what引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，符合语境。

19.【解析】To read。考查非谓语动词。“read”和句子谓语“is”之间没有连词，故此处用非谓语动词。此处不定式表示目的，符合语境。

20.【解析】which。考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词，即前面整个句子，符合语境。

21.【解析】an。考查冠词。固定搭配：an attempt to do sth.意为“尝试做某事”，故用不定冠词修饰。

22.【解析】that。考查连词。so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导状语从句，符合语境，故用连词that。

23.【解析】As。考查定语从句。as引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，意为“正如”，修饰先行词，即后面的整个句子，符合语境。

24.【解析】be obeyed。考查动词的时态和语态。“obey”和句子的主语“the unwritten”之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，故用be obeyed。

25.【解析】where。考查定语从句。where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词“the chapter”，符合语境。

26.【解析】ruling。考查非谓语动词。“rule”和句子谓语“were”之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词，且和其逻辑主语“a man”之间构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。

27.【解析】unless。考查连词。根据语境可知，此处表示“除非”的含义，且后面跟的是一个从句，故填连词unless。

28.【解析】freedom。考查词性转换。根据语境可知，此处表示一个抽象性的概念，即“自由”，故填抽象性名词freedom。

29.【解析】of。考查介词。be of+抽象性名词=be+形容词，符合语境，故填介词of。

30.【解析】That。考查名词性从句。that引导主语从句，在从句中不作句子成分，符合语境。

31.【解析】themselves。考查代词。根据语境可知，此处应用代词作宾语，且其与句子主语“all men”构成呼应，故应填反身代词，即themselves。

32.【解析】with。考查with的复合结构。“with+名词/代词+非谓语动词/形容词/副词/介词短语”，即with的复合结构，在句中作状语，符合语境。

33.【解析】where。考查定语从句。where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词“a cooperative business”，符合语境。

34.【解析】that。考查名词性从句。that引导同位语从句，在从句中不作句子成分，对同位语“idea”的内容进行补充说明。

35.【解析】It。考查代词。it作形式主语，指代that引导的真正的主语从句，符合语境。

36.【解析】in。考查介词。an increase in...意为“在某方面有所增长”，符合语境，故填介词in。

37.【解析】where。考查定语从句。where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，修饰抽象性先行词“point”，符合语境。

38.【解析】violently。考查词性转换。副词修饰形容词、副词或动词，在句中作状语，故应用副词“violently”修饰动词pedal。

39.【解析】to be done。考查非谓语动词。根据固定搭配：would like to do sth.，且此处表示被动的概念，故应填不定式的被动形式作宾语。

40.【解析】beyond。考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示“超越”的概念，故用介词beyond，后跟名词作宾语。

41.【解析】as。考查介词。与语境中的as呼应可知，此处应填介词as，构成同类比较结构，即：as...as...，符合语境。

42.【解析】permanent。考查词性转换。副词修饰形容词、副词或动词，在句中作状语，且空格处与be动词呼应，故应填形容词permanent作表语，符合语境。

43.【解析】those。考查代词。此处指代语境中的“influences”，且被介词短语“of the family”修饰，表示同类不同物的复数概念，故填代词those。

44.【解析】to set。考查非谓语动词。此处不定式结构表示目的，和固定词组“appeal to doing sth.”没有关系。

45.【解析】from。考查介词。固定词组搭配：be distinguishable from意为“与……有所不同”，符合语境，故填介词from。

46.【解析】have attempted。考查动词时态。for+时间段，句子经常用完成时，且空格处与从句中谓语动词is形成呼应，故应用现在完成时。

47.【解析】to。考查介词。固定搭配：apply...to...意为“把……应用于……”，符合语境。

48.【解析】why。考查定语从句。why引导定语从句，在从句中作原因状语，修饰先行词“the reason”，符合语境。

49.【解析】can。考查情态动词。在so that引导的状语从句中，从句经常用情态动词can/could，且主从句时态一致，故此空填情态动词can。

50.【解析】called。考查省略。本句是一个省略句，补充完整应是：Once it is called...。当主从句主语一致时，从句的主语和系动词可以省略，故应填called。

51.【解析】Unlike。考查介词。根据语境“actually”可知，此处表示“不像”的含义，且空格后跟的是名词，故应填介词unlike，符合语境。

52.【解析】to build。考查非谓语动词。固定词组搭配：have no choice but to do意为“别无选择只有……”，符合语境，故用不定式。

53.【解析】valuable。考查词性转换。valuable是形容词，作系动词“seem”的表语，符合语境。

54.【解析】had wanted。考查虚拟语气。根据语境“would this have been possible”可知，本句是一个对过去情况虚拟的虚拟条件句，故从句应用过去完成时。

55.【解析】despite。考查介词。根据语境可知，前后语句之间表示的是逻辑上的让步关系，且空格后是名词，而不是句子，故填介词despite，意为“尽管”。

56.【解析】Since。考查连词。根据语境可知，上下句之间表示的是逻辑上的因果关系，故填连词since，意为“既然”。

57.【解析】Astonishingly。考查词性转换。根据语境及逗号提示可知，此处应用副词形式，修饰整个句子，作状语，且表示“令人吃惊地”，故填Astonishingly。

58.【解析】to。考查介词。固定短语搭配：in comparison to 意为“与……比较”，符合语境，故填介词to。

59.【解析】Creating。考查动名词。此处是动名词短语作主语，符合语境。

60.【解析】is being considered。考查动词的时态和语态。根据空格处与语境“or has been put in place”形成呼应可知，此处表示“正在”的含义，且与句子的主语“the concept of extended producer responsibility”之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，故应用现在进行时的被动语态。

（作者单位：河南省新密市第二高级中学）