书面表达六大高分策略

甘肃 李艳丽

书面表达六大高分策略

甘肃 李艳丽

要想书面表达得高分，除了要点齐全、基本语法和常用单词拼写无严重错误之外，还要在表达的多样性、复杂性以及上下文的连贯性上下工夫，要写出有特色、有亮点的文章去主动创造得分点，才能获取高分。

一、虎头豹尾

“良好的开端是成功的一半。”每篇文章的首句往往是文章的窗口，会让阅卷老师对考生的作文形成第一印象，所以必须让老师在第一时间判断你是否读懂了题意；同样，好的结尾也是十分重要的，尤其是用倒装句、强调句等高级语法结构结尾，会给文章增色不少。例如：

1.（2014·全国新课标卷Ⅱ）I often imagine what life will be like in the future. I think my life will be very different in ten years.（第一、二句统领全文，提纲挈领）

2.（2014·浙江卷）Knowing that our library is going to buy books，I’d like to give some suggestions.（开篇用非谓语动词短语作状语，正式、高级）

3.（2014·福建卷）This quotation from Sir Winston Churchill tells us that we shouldn’t get discouraged right after failures. Rather，we should keep trying with enthusiasm.（开门见山，点明主题）

4.（2013·陕西卷）Tired as I was，I never felt so happy.（用as引导的让步状语从句结尾）

5.（2013·江苏卷）Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish.（用倒装句结尾）

6.（2014·安徽卷）I hope you’ll soon feel calmer and carry on as normal.（结尾处表达美好的希望，突出写作目的）

7.（2014·福建卷）What’s important is that we should stick at it.（用主语从句和表语从句结尾，句式多变、高级）

二、成语、谚语给文章增色

在书面表达中使用恰当的成语或谚语，会给文章增色不少。常用的成语或谚语如下：

A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。

Where there is a will，there is a way.有志者事竟成。

Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。

No pains，no gains.一分耕耘，一分收获。

Nothing is impossible.一切皆有可能。

Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。

Don’t cry over spilled milk.别为洒了的牛奶哭泣（覆水难收）。

Heaven helps those who help themselves.自助者得天助。

One hour today is worth two tomorrow.争分夺秒效率高。

Well begun is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。

A life without a friend is a life without sun. 人生在世无朋友，犹如生活无太阳。

Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不待人。

Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。

Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。

三、妙用情感类词汇

情感类词汇是指那些表达某种情绪感觉的词，如高兴、愤怒、同情、厌恶、乐观、悲伤等，以形容词、副词居多，也有名词、动词、短语等。如：glad，pleased，delighted，interested，bored，happy，angry，optimistic，satisfied，be glad to do sth.，love，warm，lucky，luckily，sincerely，rush，keep calm 等。在书面表达中使用恰当的情感类词汇，可使读者体会到文章的内在情感，实现表情达意的目的，同时也是让阅卷老师眼前一亮的地方。

1.（2012·江西卷）Reading is my favorite hobby. I can never stop the love for reading because books are like wise teachers as well as good friends in my life.

2.（2012·湖北卷）Disappointed as I felt at the shabby campus and poorly-equipped classroom，I found the teachers patient and considerate. Besides，I enjoyed the friendly atmosphere in class.

3.（2013·湖北卷）My mindless words must have hurt him deeply.

4.（2013·陕西卷）Feeling quite sorry for that，I begin to think about what to do to help.

5.（2014·安徽卷）And third，remain optimistic about your future. Such a positive attitude towards life can be helpful in lifting your spirits.

四、使用固定结构及高级语法使文章富有质感

一篇优秀的文章离不开短语、句型以及修辞手法的支撑，如keep in one’s mind，not only...but also...等短语、强调句、with复合结构、非谓语动词、复合句、感叹句和倒装句等。

1. On behalf of our school，I would like to express our warm welcome to you.（介词短语作状语）

2.（2014·陕西卷）As scheduled，we have English Talent Show today.（过去分词作状语）

3.（2013·湖北卷）Not until then did I realize words could be powerful in both positive and negative ways.（倒装句）

4.（2014·浙江卷）What we need most are popular science books.（主语从句）

5.（2014·安徽卷）The truth is everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be going wrong，so you don’t have to worry so much.（ 定语从句 ）

五、适当过渡使文章上下连贯

能清楚、连贯地表达自己的思想是考纲对考生的书面表达能力的要求之一。要做到文章上下连贯、逻辑严密，可以使用适当的过渡性词汇，因为过渡性词汇能增加句与句、段与段之间的连贯性。书面表达中常用的连接词归纳如下：

1.表示并列补充关系的过渡性词汇：besides，also，what’s more，what’s worse，more over，further more，in addition（to）， as well as等。例如：

（1）（2014·江苏卷）Besides，it is，on some occasions，more convenient to use English words.

（2）（2014·湖北卷）In addition to reading for knowledge，we read for fun and inspiration.

（3）（2014·福建卷）Rather，we should keep trying with enthusiasm.

2. 表示转折、对比、递进关系的过渡性词汇：but，however，yet，instead，on（the）one hand...on the other hand...，although，despite，in spite of，whereas，nevertheless，not only...but also...，the former...the latter...，some...others...等。例如：

（1）（2014·福建卷）So excited was I that I couldn’t wait to try my hand at riding it. However，it was harder than expected.

（2）（2014·浙江卷）They not only offer us joy and excitement，but also encourage us to think critically.

3. 表示因果关系的过渡性词汇：since，as，because（of），for，so，thus，therefore，as a result，so that等。例如：

（1）（2014·北京卷）I noticed the entrance was small and almost blocked. So my classmates and I had a discussion and wrote a report.

（2）（2014·四川卷）Besides listening to teachers carefully in class，we often work deep into night. Therefore，I believe I can succeed.

（3）（2014·江苏卷）So，it’s safe to conclude that it is reasonable to include English which facilitates daily communication.

（4）（2014·安徽卷）The important thing is to learn to control your temper so that you may not do or say anything you’ll regret.

4. 表示条件关系的过渡性词汇：if，on condition that，so/as long as，unless，or else等。例如：

（1）（2014·浙江卷）I’ll be glad if you can consider my recommendation.

（2）（2014·山东卷）“Nothing is impossible to a willing heart”，as long as you have a dream，keep trying and you’ll make it，too.

5. 表示时间关系的过渡性词汇：when，after，before，until，as soon as，lately，recently，afterwards，since，in the meantime，at the same time，suddenly，later，presently等。例如：

（1）（2014·福建卷）I was about to give up when my father came and encouraged me to keep going.

（2）（2014·北京卷）Then we went to meet the schoolmaster in his office and gave the report to him. He accepted our suggestions. Soon afterwards，a second entrance was opened to the parking place.

6. 表示顺序关系的过渡性词汇：above all，firstly，first， first of all，secondly，second，next，finally，in the end，at last等。例如：

（1）（2014·安徽卷）First，talk to someone you trust about how you feel. This is a good way of letting your anger out without hurting others or yourself. Second，go outdoors and play team games with your friends as physical exercise is an effective way to get rid of anger. And third，remain optimistic about your future.

（2）（2014·江西卷）Finally，we should take part in sportsand outdoors activities frequently. They were really helpful to build up my body and enrich my school life.

（3）（2014·江西卷）In the coming three years，our school life will be challenging. Firstly，we should learn to learn efficiently.

7. 表示举例说明的过渡性词汇：for example，for instance，like，such as，for one thing...for another...等。例如：

（1）（2014·全国新课标卷Ⅱ）In my free time，I will continue to take regular exercise，such as swimming，running and various ball games.

（2）（2014·江苏卷）In fact，Chinese has never stopped taking words from other languages，say，“ganbu” or “minzhu”from Japanese.

8. 表示总结的过渡性词汇：on the whole，in short，all in all， in summary，in general，in one’s opinion，personally，as far as one is concerned，as far as one can see/know，in a word，in conclusion，in brief，briefly，to sum up等。例如：

（1）（2014·全国新课标卷Ⅱ）In a word，my life will be much richer and more colorful.

（2）（2014·福建卷）Actually，we can’t succeed in everything we try. What’s important is that we should stick at it.

（3）（2014·江西卷）Personally，I used to try effective methods to achieve my academic goals.

六、独辟蹊径，不落俗套，创造亮点

1.高级词汇、高级用法创造亮点

书面表达的评分标准鼓励考生使用较高级的词汇，这就意味着考生应在力所能及的情况下尝试使用高级词汇，通过高级词汇来展示自己的写作水平，从而提高书面表达的得分档次。

例一：在周末我们有很多作业。

普通表达：At the weekend，we have a lot of homework to do.

高级表达：At the weekend，we have endless homework to do.

例二：听到这个消息，我感到很失望。

普通表达：Hearing the news，I felt very discouraged.

高级表达：Hearing the news，I felt kind of discouraged.

例三：他们帮助我们更好地了解自然科学并且唤起我们对科学发现的好奇心。

They help us understand science subjects better and arouse our curiosity about scientific discoveries.

其实，一些普通词汇如果使用了较新颖的表达形式，或在特定的语言环境下将其运用得恰到好处，也可视为高级用法。

例一：他低着头，一言不发地站在老师的面前。

He stood before his teacher silently，with his head down.（with这个普通词汇用在复合结构中，产生了高级表达的效果）

例二：猫跳过矮墙，爬上楼梯，然后钻进角落里的一个洞里去了。

The cat jumped over the short wall，up the stairs and then into a hole in the corner.（句中的over，up，into都是普通词汇，但是用在这样一个特定的语境里，准确而生动，也可将其视为高级用法，从而提升了表达的档次）

2.最优表达创造亮点

important—be of great importance

be admitted to... —be a member of

I want to know—I’m eager to know

I wonder—I’m curious about...

I don’t understand—I have no idea about

Could you—Would you be so kind as to...

3.句式多样，活泼生动，亮点频出

（1）（2014·福建卷）So excited was I that I couldn’t wait to try my hand at riding it.（“so+形容词/副词”置于句首时要使用部分倒装）

（2）（2014·湖北卷）Compared with the escaped driver，I am proud of what I did.（句首使用非谓语动词短语作状语，句尾使用what 引导的宾语从句）

（3）（2014·湖北卷）As a member of the society，I am aware that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.（-ing形式短语作主语，紧接着使用了what 引导的表语从句）

（4）（2014·辽宁卷）Everyone of you is expected to be part of the event which encourages creative minds and gives full play to your DIY skills.（句中使用了“be expected to do sth.”结构，句末使用了由which 引导的定语从句）

（作者单位：甘肃省平凉市第一中学）