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高糖通过下调miR-23b促进血管平滑肌细胞的增殖和迁移

2016-02-08易志刚郭文安吴娟黄上萌李津池清华

中国卫生标准管理 2016年24期
关键词:迁移率高糖平滑肌

易志刚郭文安吴 娟黄上萌李 津池清华

高糖通过下调miR-23b促进血管平滑肌细胞的增殖和迁移

易志刚1郭文安1吴 娟1黄上萌1李 津1池清华2

目的高糖诱导血管平滑肌的增殖和迁移是糖尿病引起动脉粥样硬化的关键病理环节。小分子RNA在糖尿病血管并发症中的作用日益受到重视,本项目将对微小RNA-23b(miR-23b)在高糖诱导血管平滑肌的增殖和迁移中的作用进行研究。方法首先,将血管平滑肌细胞株(VSMCs)与高糖(HG,40 mM)共同孵育24 h,qPCR检测高糖对VSMCs 增殖及miR-23b的表达的影响。为了进一步证实miR-23b在高糖诱导VSMC增殖及迁移中的作用,转染过表达miR-23b载体及对照载体,构建过表达 VSMCs(VSMCmiR-23b)及对照细胞(VSMCNC),将HG分别与VSMCmiR-23b及VSMCNC孵育24 h,CCK-8检测VSMCs的增殖,Transwell检测VSMCs迁移,qPCR检测miR-23b及其靶基因的PI3KR1、Smad3表达。结果HG能浓度依赖性的促进VSMCs的增殖并抑制miR-23b的表达,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。VSMCmiR-23b组的细胞活力及迁移率均显著低于VSMCNC组(P<0.05)。HG能升高VSMCNC及VSMCmiR-23b的细胞活力及迁移率,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),VSMCmiR-23b+高糖组的细胞活力及迁移率均显著低于VSMCNC+高糖组(P<0.05)。VSMCmiR-23b组的PI3KR1、Smad3的表达显著低于VSMCNC组(P<0.05)。高糖能升高VSMCNC及VSMCmiR-23b的PI3KR1、Smad3的表达。VSMCmiR-23b+高糖组的PI3KR1、Smad3的表达均显著低于VSMCNC+高糖组(P<0.05)。结论miR-23b可能通过调控靶基因Smad3、PI3KR1参与HG诱导的血管平滑肌增殖及迁移。

miR-23b;血管平滑肌;增殖;迁移;PI3KR1;Smad3

动脉粥样硬化是一种由多种因素导致的慢性疾病,糖尿病(Diabetes mellitus,DM) 患者中的动脉粥样硬化的发病率更高。研究证实:高糖(High glucose,HG)能诱导血管平滑肌细胞(Vascular smooth muscle cells,VSMCs)的增殖和迁移[1],促进动脉粥样硬化(Atherosclerosis,AS)的形成。微小核糖核酸( microRNA,miRNA) 是一类真核生物高度保守长度为19~22个核苷酸的非编码小分子RNA。miR-23b被证明在包括糖尿病在内的许多生理进程中起着重要的作用[2]。研究发现,miR-23b在损伤的血管壁中表达下降,升高miR-23b的表达能抑制VSMCs的增殖及迁移[3]。目前认为miR-23b可能参与血管平滑肌的增殖和迁移,但具体机制尚不清楚。本项目将对HG诱导VSMCs增殖及迁移的分子机制进行深入研究。

1 材料和方法

1.1 主要材料与试剂

DMEM细胞培养基、胎牛血清(FBS)、0.25%胰蛋白酶均购自GIBCO公司;SmGM-2培养基购自美国Lonza公司;D-葡萄糖(DG)、DAPI购自Sigma公司;Transwell小室购自BD公司;CCK-8溶液、BCA蛋白定量试剂盒、ECL显影剂均购自上海碧云天生物技术公司;Lipofectamine 2000试剂购自Invitrogen公司;miR-23b mimics、negative control对照均购自广东锐博生物有限公司;Trizol试剂盒购、RT-qPCR引物均购自Lifetechnologies公司;逆转录试剂盒及RT-qPCR 试剂盒购自Takara公司。

1.2 VSMCs的培养

人主动脉血管平滑肌细胞系T/G HA-VSMC购自美国ATCC,置于含有10%FBS的SmGM-2培养基,在37℃、5%CO2的细胞培养箱中培养,取3~5代处于对数生长期的细胞进行实验。

1.3 构建过表达miR-23b VSMCs(VSMCmiR-23b)及对照细胞(VSMCNC)

当细胞生长至70%~80%融合时,接种于细胞瓶中,转染过程均按照Lipofectamine 2000试剂说明书进行。将过表达miR-23b质粒(pEZX-MR04-miR-23b)及对照质粒(Negative control,NC)按照分别转染到VSMCs细胞中,然后于37 ℃、5% CO2的细胞培养箱中培养48 h,改用含嘌呤霉素(2ng/mL)的培养基筛选72 h,构建过表达miR-23b的VSMC细胞VSMCmiR-23b以及对照细胞VSMCNC。

1.4 CCK-8法检测细胞增殖

过表达miR-23b VSMCs细胞(VSMCmiR-23b)及对照细胞(VSMCNC),分别以2×103/孔铺于96孔板。将高糖(40 mM)分别与VSMCmiR-23b及VSMCNC孵育24 h,每孔加入10μl CCK-8溶液,继续培养1 h,酶联免疫检测仪测量490 nm处各孔的吸光值(OD),计算细胞活性。细胞活性(%)=药物OD/对照OD×100%。

1.5 Transwell小室检测细胞侵袭

分别将VSMCNC及VSMCmiR-23b细胞1×104/孔匀接种于铺有基质胶的Transwell小室(上室)中,加入或不加入含高糖(40 mM)的DMEM培养基培养,下室加入含20%FBS的完全培养基,37℃培养24 h,用棉签拭去小室内底部细胞,4%甲醛固定液固定小室外底部的细胞,DAPI染色,荧光显微镜下观察各组细胞穿过小室的情况,统计穿过的细胞数目,对比高糖处理对VSMCNC及VSMCmiR-23b细胞迁移能力的影响。

1.6 RT-PCR检测细胞中miRNA-23b及靶基因的表达量

根据Trizol试剂盒操作说明书提取总RNA,参照Takara逆转录试剂盒说明书进行逆转录,按SYBR Premix Ex Taq试剂盒说明书进行PDE4B (上游:5’- CAG ACC TGA AGA CAA TGG TAG AA-3’;下游:5’-GAC CTG AAT GCG ATC GGT ATA G -3’)、Smad3(上游:5’- CCA TCT CCT ACT ACG AGC TGA A -3’;下游:5’-CAC TGC TGC ATT CCT GTT GAC-3’)、β-actin(上游:5’-GGA CCT GAC TGA CTA CCT CAT -3’;下游:5’- CGT AGC ACA GCT TCT CCT TAA T -3’)的RT-qPCR检测,以GAPDH作为内参计算PDE4B、Smad3的相对表达量。miR-23b及U6的逆转录采用All-in-One™ miRNA qRT-PCR Detection Kit进行,采用All-in-One™ miRNA qPCR Primer引物试剂盒进行miR-23b及U6的RT-PCR检测,采用U6作为内参检测miR-23b的相对表达量。

1.7 统计学分析

2 结果

2.1 高糖促进VSMC细胞增殖及抑制miRNA-23b表达

由图1A可知,HG能浓度依赖性的促进VSMC细胞的增殖,与NC组(5.5 mM)比较,10 mM、20 mM和40 mM的HG均可以显著的促进VSMC细胞的增殖,与NC组比较差异有统计学意义(10 mM:P=0.025;20 mM:P<0.001;40 mM:P<0.001),并且呈现出剂量依赖现象。还发现HG能浓度依赖性的抑制miR-23b的表达,结果如图1B所示,10 mM、20 mM和40 mM的HG均可以剂量依赖性的降低miR-23b的表达量,与NC组比较差异有统计学意义(10 mM:P=0.006;20 mM:P<0.001;40 mM:P<0.001)。

图1 高糖对VSMC细胞增殖及miRNA-23b表达的影响

2.2 过表达miR-26b降低高糖诱导的VSMC细胞增殖

如图2A所示,VSMCmiR-23b组细胞中miR-23b的表达水平显著升高,与VSMCNC组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。VSMCmiR-23b+HG组的miR-23b表达也显著高于VSMCNC+HG组(P<0.001)。细胞活力结果图2B所示,VSMCmiR-23b组的细胞活力显著低于VSMCNC组(P<0.001)。与VSMCNC组比较,VSMCNC+HG显著的细胞活力升高(P<0.001),VSMCmiR-23b+HG组的细胞活力显著低于VSMCNC+HG组(P<0.001)。

图2 过表达miR-23b对高糖诱导VSMC细胞增殖的影响

2.3 过表达miR-23抑制高糖诱导的VSMC迁移

VSMCmiR-23b组的迁移率均显著低于VSMCNC组(P<0.001)。HG能显著升高VSMCNC的迁移率,与VSMCNC组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),VSMCmiR-23b+HG组的迁移率均显著低于VSMCNC+HG组(P<0.001)。见图3。

图3 过表达miR-23对高糖诱导VSMC迁移的影响

2.4 过表达miR-23b抑制高糖诱导P13KR1及Smad3表达升高

qPCR检测结果如图4所示,VSMCmiR-23b组的PI3KR1、Smad3的mRNA表达显著低于VSMCNC组(P<0.05;P<0.05)。高糖能升高VSMCNC及VSMCmiR-23b的PI3KR1、Smad3的表达(P<0.001;P<0.001)。VSMCmiR-23b+高糖组的PI3KR1、Smad3的表达均低于VSMCNC+高糖组(P<0.05;P<0.05)。

图4 过表达miR-23b对高糖诱导P13KR1及Smad3表达的影响

3 讨论

血管平滑肌细胞的异常增殖和迁移是动脉粥样硬化发生的重要病理环节及机制,本研究利用HG诱导血管平滑肌的增殖和迁移的模型中研究miR-23b的作用。其中HG能浓度依赖性的抑制血管平滑肌细胞中的miR-23b的表达同时可以显著的促进VSMC细胞的增殖。从本研究的结果可知,VSMCmiR-23b组的细胞活力及迁移率均显著低于VSMCNC组。HG能升高VSMCNC及VSMCmiR-23b的细胞活力及迁移率,VSMCmiR-23b+高糖组的细胞活力及迁移率均显著低于VSMCNC+高糖组。表明miR-23b对于细胞的活力和迁移率有显著的负调节作用,高糖诱导可以增加这种效果。为了进一步研究miR-23b对于细胞的增殖和迁移率调节的原因,我们测定了PI3KR1、Smad3基因的表达量,PI3K是生长因子超家族信号传导过程中的重要分子,可以调节细胞的凋亡、增殖、代谢、分泌等方面,PI3KR1基因负责编码PI3K家族中表达量最多的调节亚基-p85α[4-5]。Smad3蛋白是转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)的重要的信号转导和调节分子,是TGF-β信号通路中重要的下游分子,与多种肿瘤细胞的生物学行为密切相关[6-7]。有研究发现,TGF-β1在促进内膜增生过程中发挥了非常重要的作用[8],Smad3蛋白参与TGF-β的主要途径,可以刺激VSMC的增生、迁移与分泌等功能[9]。从本次的研究结果可知,VSMCmiR-23b组的PI3KR1、Smad3的蛋白和mRNA的表达均显著低于VSMCNC组,高糖能升高VSMCNC及VSMCmiR-23b的PI3KR1、Smad3的蛋白和mRNA的表达。VSMCmiR-23b+高糖组的PI3KR1、Smad3蛋白和mRNA的表达均显著低于VSMCNC+高糖组。表明miR-23b可能通过降低VSMCs细胞中的PI3KR1、Smad3的表达量来影响细胞的增殖和迁移率。

综上所述,在动脉粥样硬化的发病过程中,miRNAs在VSMCs细胞中异常表达,调节VSMCs细胞的增殖及迁移来进一步影响动脉粥样硬化的发展。本研究进一步发现,miR-23b在HG诱导的VSMC增殖中发挥重要的调控作用。而VSMC增殖功能可以诱发血管重建,从而进一步的导致动脉粥样硬化等疾病的发生。本研究结果进一步阐明动脉粥样硬化的发病机理,以及为抗动脉粥样硬化寻找更为有效的治疗靶点提供了理论依据。

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High Glucose Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration Through Suppressing miR-23b

YI Zhigang1GUO Wenan1WU Juan1HUANG Shangmeng1LI Jin1CHI Qinghua21 Health Care Ward,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University,Xiamen Fujian 361003,China,2 Teaching and Research Department of Nurse

ObjectiveHigh glucose induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration is the key to atherosclerosis pathology caused by diabetes.The role of small RNA in diabetic vascular complications is taken seriously increasingly. This project will focus on the miR-23b on proliferation and migration induced by high glucose in vascular smooth muscle cell.MethodsVSMCs were incubated with high glucose(HG,40 mM)for 24 h. The expression of miR-23b induced by high dose glucose was detected by qPCR. In order to further confirm the role of miR-23b on sugar induced VSMC proliferation and migration,slow virus technology was used to construct an over-express miR-23b VSMCs (VSMCmiR-23b) and control cells (VSMCNC).D-glucose incubate with VSMCmiR-23band VSMCNCrespectively for 24 h,VSMCs proliferation was tested by CCK8,the migration of VSMCs was analyzed by Transwell,the expression of miR-23b and its target genes(PI3KR1,Smad3) were detected by qPCR.ResultsCompared with the control group,D-glucose can significant inhibit the expression of miR-23b with concentration-dependent(P<0.05). Cell vitality and mobility in VSMCmiR-23bgroup were significantly lower than VSMCNCgroup(P<0.05). Compared with the control group,Glucose can significant raise the cell vitality and mobility in VSMCmiR-23band VSMCNC(P<0.05). The cell vitality and mobility of VSMCmiR-23b+ high glucose group were significantly lower than VSMCNC+ high glucose group(P<0.05). The expression of PI3KR1 and Smad3 in VSMCmiR-23bgroup was significantly lower than VSMCNCgroup(P<0.05). High glucose can raise the expression of PI3KR1 and Smad3 in VSMCmiR-23band VSMCNCgroup. The expression of PI3KR1 and Smad3 in VSMCmiR-23b+ high glucose group were significantly lower than VSMCNC+ high glucose group(P<0.05).ConclusionmiR-23b may participate in proliferation and migration induced by high glucose in vascular smooth muscle through regulating the target genes PI3KR1,Smad3.

miR-23b,VSMCs,Proliferation,Migration,PI3KR1,Smad3

R329.2

A

1674-9316(2016)24-0020-04

10.3969/j.issn.1674-9316.2016.24.011

福建省卫生厅青年科研课题(编号:2013-2-87)

1厦门大学附属第一医院保健病房,福建 厦门 361003;2 护理教研室

池清华,E-mail:fjxm0405@163.com

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