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红细胞输注对肝癌患者CD4+T辅助细胞免疫功能的影响

2015-12-28赵学涛杨从容任晓亮解晓元巨红妹

河北医科大学学报 2015年7期

赵学涛,杨从容,任晓亮,李 明,解晓元,巨红妹

(1.河北医科大学第四医院输血科,河北 石家庄 050011;2.河北医科大学第四医院放疗科,河北 石家庄 050011)

红细胞输注对肝癌患者CD4+T辅助细胞免疫功能的影响

赵学涛1,杨从容2,任晓亮1,李明1,解晓元1,巨红妹1

(1.河北医科大学第四医院输血科,河北 石家庄 050011;2.河北医科大学第四医院放疗科,河北 石家庄 050011)

[摘要]目的探讨输入异体红细胞对肝癌患者外周静脉血中CD4+辅助性T淋巴细胞(helper T cells,Th)向Th1/Th2细胞亚群分化和相应细胞因子分泌的影响。方法选取45例肝细胞癌患者,其中未输血患者20例(未输血组),输入过异体红细胞患者25例(输血组)。应用流式细胞仪检测2组患者外周血Th1(CD4+IFN-γ+)、Th2(CD4+IL-4+)的含量。采用酶联免疫吸附测定法检测2组患者外周血白细胞介素2(interleukin 2,IL-2)、干扰素γ(interferon-γ,INF-γ) 、IL-12(Th1型细胞因子)以及IL-4、IL-6、IL-10(Th2型细胞因子)的水平。结果输血组Th1含量较未输血组明显降低(P<0.01),而Th2含量较未输血组则明显升高(P<0.01),但2组Th/CD4+T水平变化不明显(P>0.05)。同时,输血组IL-2、INF-γ和IL-12的水平明显低于未输血组(P<0.01),IL-4、IL-6和IL-10的水平明显高于未输血组(P<0.01)。结论输入异体红细胞可导致肝癌患者体内Th1/Th2平衡向Th2偏移,同时Th1亚群免疫反应功能抑制,Th2亚群免疫反应功能亢进。临床上应尽量减少肝癌患者红细胞输注,以减轻对患者的免疫抑制。

[关键词]肝肿瘤;红细胞输注;T淋巴细胞,辅助诱导

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-3205.2015.07.016

肝癌是严重威胁人类健康的主要疾病之一,也是癌症死亡的主要原因[1]。肝癌患者常出现进行性贫血,临床多给予大量异体红细胞输注治疗。然而大量回顾性研究表明异体输血会降低机体免疫力,增加癌症复发率和转移率[2],其具体机制尚不明确。辅助性T淋巴细胞(helper T cells,Th)的功能分化是机体免疫调节作用中的重要环节之一。其中Th1和Th2细胞亚群的平衡直接影响机体的免疫功能,并且与疾病状态密切相关[3]。对于肿瘤患者,如Th1细胞活跃,则机体处于抵抗状态,反之则为易感状态。异体红细胞输注对肝癌患者CD4+Th向Th1/Th2细胞亚群分化及其相应细胞因子的影响目前尚未见报道,本研究拟针对这一环节进行探讨。报告如下。

1资料与方法

1.1一般资料选取2013年5月—2014年10月我院住院的肝癌患者45例,其中男性29例,女性16例,年龄46~74岁,中位年龄61岁。所有患者均经病理确诊为肝细胞癌。TNM临床分期均为Ⅰ~Ⅱ期,无淋巴结转移。全部患者未进行任何抗肿瘤治疗,且近3个月未使用免疫增强剂。45例患者中20例未进行过输血治疗,为未输血组,其中男性13例,女性7例,年龄46~69岁,平均(56.00±5.87)岁;25例曾输注过异体红细胞,平均输血量2~4 U,为输血组,其中男性16例,女性9例,年龄47~74岁,平均(58.00±6.94)岁。2组性别、年龄比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。

1.2Th1、Th2细胞检测方法清晨空腹状态下留取患者外周静脉血5 mL肝素钠抗凝,1 h内开始预处理。①刺激培养: 取抗凝混匀全血1 mL+含10%胎牛血清的RPMI 1640液(Gibco公司)1 mL+BFA10 μL/ mL+PMA20 μg/L+离子霉1 mg/L吹打混匀,5%CO2、37 ℃孵育5 h。②胞外染色:将刺激培养的标本分为3管,各500 μL用PBS洗1遍,1 200 r/min离心5 min,吸上清。每管加PEcy7-anti-CD4 抗体10 μL振荡混匀,室温避光15 min。③溶血及破膜:每管加10倍稀释的FACS溶血素2 mL,室温避光10 min,1 500 r/min离心5 min,弃上清。1%多聚甲醛固定细胞,各管加10倍稀释的FACS通透剂0.5 mL室温避光10 min,加PBS 2 mL,1 500 r/min离心5 min,弃上清。④胞内染色:设1管为对照管,加同型对照FITC-anti-IgG2a/PE-anti-IgG1抗体(eBioscience公司)10 μL,余2管为试验管,分别加抗体FITC-anti-IFN-γ、PE-anti-IL-4(eBioscience公司)各10 μL混匀后室温避光30 min。每管加1%多聚甲醛500 μL,流式细胞仪检测。⑤结果判读:在CellQuest软件下获取1万个细胞,美国BD流式细胞仪测定淋巴细胞胞内和胞膜各种荧光素的荧光强度。用PEcy7标记的CD4单抗和侧向角散射光双参数圈出CD4阳性细胞群,空白对照和阴性对照消除自发荧光和非特异荧光,Dot2Plot点图测Th1( CD4+IFN-γ+)、Th2(CD4+IL-4+)细胞百分比。

1.3细胞因子测定清晨空腹状态下留取患者外周静脉血5 mL,不加抗凝剂,经3 500 r/min离心5 min,取血清2~3 mL。采用酶联免疫吸附测定(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)法检测细胞因子白细胞介素2(interleukin-2,IL-2)、干扰素γ(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)、IL-12(Th1型细胞因子)、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10(Th2型细胞因子)的含量,操作步骤按检测说明书进行。

2结果

2.12组Th1、Th2细胞水平比较输血组Th1细胞水平与未输血组比较明显降低(P<0.01),Th2水平与未输血组比较显著升高(P<0.01),2组Th/CD4+T水平变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表1。

表12组Th1、Th2细胞水平比较

Table 1Comparison of Th1 and Th2 levels between two groups

组别例数Th1(%)Th2(%)Th1/Th2Th/CD4+T未输血组2025.35±2.4521.23±3.391.31±0.2747.35±3.61输血组 2520.02±3.6426.32±5.640.87±0.2249.10±5.59t5.4403.4605.9300.990P0.0000.0010.0000.330

2.22组细胞因子含量比较输血组肝癌患者血清IL-2、TNF-γ及IL-12含量明显低于未输血组,IL-4、IL-6和IL-10含量显著高于未输血组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),见表2。

表22组血清中细胞因子水平比较

Table 2Comparison of cytokine levels between two groups

组别例数IL-2(μg/L)IFN-γ(μg/L)IL-12(ng/L)IL-4(μg/L)IL-6(μg/L)IL-10(μg/L)未输血组2017.19±4.2067.48±9.91145.51±11.551235.01±10.7214.78±2.9010.45±2.53输血组 2512.44±4.9145.72±4.31128.64±12.29253.08±19.9710.58±1.5915.73±4.29t3.4309.8904.6303.5806.1624.870P0.0010.0000.0000.0010.0000.000

3讨论

异体输血在发挥临床治疗作用的同时,也会并发免疫相关的不良反应,如术后感染率上升、恶性肿瘤复发率增加、慢性病毒感染的急性发作等[4-6],这些输血引起的一系列涉及免疫调节的反应称为输血相关性免疫调节(transfusion-associated immunomodulation,TRIM)[7]。研究表明异体输血不仅下调细胞免疫(包括T细胞和巨噬细胞功能),而且下调体液免疫(包括自然杀伤细胞和巨噬细胞),这些免疫调节作用可以部分解释TRIM的发生[8-9]。

CD4+T细胞又称Th,根据其分泌的细胞因子和介导的功能可再分为Th1细胞和Th2细胞。Th1细胞主要分泌IL-12、IL-2和IFN-γ,介导细胞免疫。而Th2细胞主要分泌IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-10和IL-13等,介导体液免疫[10-12]。同时,Th1细胞分泌的IFN-γ可抑制Th2细胞,而IL-4能抑制Th1。因此,Th1和Th2细胞中一方占了优势,另一方势必受到抑制,从而使免疫应答表现为以细胞免疫为主或以体液免疫为主的状态。Th1和Th2可以互为抑制细胞,Th1和Th2细胞的平衡状态直接影响到机体的免疫功能[13]。在肿瘤的发生发展中,细胞免疫是肿瘤免疫的主要组成部分,肿瘤患者Th1细胞及其分泌的细胞因子占优势促进细胞免疫时,机体对肿瘤具有活跃的免疫力,但当Th1/Th2细胞失衡,Th2细胞因子占优势抑制细胞免疫时,机体抗肿瘤免疫反应受到抑制[14-16]。异体输血导致的TRIM是否与Th1/Th2失衡有关呢?为此,本研究观察了25例肝癌患者异体红细胞输注后对CD4+Th细胞免疫功能的影响,结果显示,输血组Th1水平较未输血组明显降低,Th2细胞水平明显升高。表明异体红细胞输注提高了Th2反应,而下调了Th1免疫反应,导致Th1向Th2的偏移。本研究结果还显示输血组血清中IL-2、TNF-γ、IL-6含量明显低于未输血组,IL-4、IL-8、IL-10含量显著高于未输血组。表明异体红细胞输注导致Th1细胞因子分泌下降,而Th2细胞因子明显升高,Th1/Th2向Th2偏移,Th2反应占主导。从而证实异体输血可能通过诱导Th1/Th2失衡而引发TRIM。

综上所述,肝癌患者异体红细胞输注会改变CD4+Th细胞的免疫反应,导致Th2反应占主导,机体抗肿瘤反应受到抑制,肿瘤转移和复发的风险会有所增加。因此,临床上应尽量减少肝癌患者红细胞输注,以减轻对患者的免疫抑制。

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(本文编辑:赵丽洁)

[中图分类号]R735.7

[文献标志码]A

[文章编号]1007-3205(2015)07-0803-04

Influence of red blood cell transfusion on CD4+T-helper cells in liver cancer patients
ZHAO Xue-tao1,YANG Cong-rong2,REN Xiao-liang1,

LI Ming1,XIE Xiao-yuan1,JU Hong-mei1

(1.Department of Blood Transfusion,the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University,Shijiazhuang

050011,China;2.Department of Radiation Oncology,the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical

University,Shijiazhuang 050011,China)

[Abstract]ObjectiveTo study the changes of Th1/Th2 subsets and cytokines of CD4+T-helper cells in peripheral blood of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after blood transfusion of allogeneic red blood cells.MethodsThere were 45 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma,including 20 cases without blood transfusion(non-transfusion group) and 25 cases with blood transfusion of allogeneic red cells(transfusion group).The Th1 and Th2 in peripheral blood were examined in 45 patients by flow cytometry.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the level of serum interleukin-2(IL-2),IL-12,interferon-γ(INF-γ),IL-4,IL-6,and IL-10 in 45 patients.IL-2,INF-γ and IL-12 were used to represent cytokines of Th1 type,and IL-4,IL-6 and IL-10 to represent cytokines of Th2 type.ResultsThe level of Th1 in transfusion group was significantly lower than that in non-transfusion group(P<0.01),but the level of Th2 in transfusion group was significantly higher than that in non-transfusion group(P<0.01).The change of Th/CD4+T in two groups was not significant(P>0.05).The level of IL-2,TNF-γ and IL-12 in transfusion group were significantly lower than those in non-transfusion group(P<0.01),but the levels of IL-4,IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly higher in transfusion group than those in non-transfusion group(P<0.01).ConclusionBlood transfusion of allogeneic red cells induces a shift of the Th1/Th2 balance toward Th2 dominance.At the same time,subpopulation Th1 immune response was suppressed,Th2 subsets showed overactive immune response.Transfusion of allogeneic red blood cells should be avoided in liver cancer patients to reduce the immune suppression of blood transfusion.

[Key words]liver neoplasms;erythrocyte transfusion;T-lymphocytes,helper-inducer