California& George’sdiary12th-14th June Reading教学设计与反思
2015-11-11李娟
California& George’sdiary12th-14th June Reading教学设计与反思
李娟
一、教材分析与整体设计思路
本课教学内容为人教版选修8第一单元阅读课文California和George’sdiary 12th-14th June,文章以时间为线索,从历史的角度说明了加州多元文化形成的原因。George’sdiary12th-14th June通过旅游者George的旅游日记,介绍了旧金山较为著名的旅游景点,以及与其相关的历史典故和史实。总体来讲,两篇文章分别从不同角度介绍了加州,文章篇幅较长,但脉络清晰,语言简练,信息量丰富,对于学生了解美国加州的文化与生活有很大的促进作用。所以,教学设计的初衷是把两篇阅读文章进行内容上的整合与衔接,通过任务型教学法及对比性阅读的方法,重点训练学生在阅读篇章中的快速信息定位能力和批判性思维能力。
新课程标准在高二学生的英语语言技能与运用方面提出了以下要求:把握文章主题,了解文章发展的脉络与细节;分析语言片段(段落、句型、对话),对人物的思想状态进行分析;在语境中猜测词义,并在语境中学会使用词汇;对文章进行推论并找出论据;进行对比性阅读,对比分析两篇文章的主题、结构及写作手法,利用信息完成任务。
基于上述分析,笔者对教材的内容进行了整合,本节课的教学设计思路从学习资源运用、阅读能力训练和批判性思维的培养三个层面入手:
(一)学习资源运用层面
以阅读文章的内容为基础,处理文章Califor原nia时以时间为线索贯穿始终,将相关历史信息进行提炼并理解,让学生对多元文化的发展有个纵向的掌握;George’sdiary12th-14th June依然以时间为线索,但其中渗透了不同的旅游景点,所以以三天的旅行为依托,通过电子地图展示旅行线路及相关景点。引导学生在小组成员的帮助下,利用手提电脑和Internet学会如何寻找有用的信息,并利用信息完成指定的任务,促进学生自主学习与合作学习方式的培养。
(二)阅读能力培养层面
在处理文章内容时,通过不同阅读任务的设计,渗透略读与找读策略,训练学生在有限时间内信息定位的能力,并对所给信息进行甄别鉴定,充分利用从文章中获得的信息,合作完成指定的学习任务。
(三)批判性思维的培养层面
通过文章对加州的介绍,使学生了解西方国家和地区的历史、地理及多元文化,对比中国的某个城市,对两者的优势与不足进行客观的评价,表明自己的选择倾向性,并提供充分的论据。
二、教学目标
(一)知识目标
1.理解文章的大意、结构及文章发展的主要脉络;
2.了解介绍历史和地点的相关词汇,并学会在新的语境中进行运用。
(二)能力目标
1.利用电脑和网络补充文章信息,学会不同学习资源的正确运用,促进自主学习能力的培养;
2.通过略读与找读训练,培养学生快速定位信息的能力,并对所得信息进行正确处理。
(三)情感态度和价值观目标
1.以小组方式完成学习任务,充分利用不同学生之间的信息差,做到相互合作,共同进步;
2.通过了解西方国家或城市的历史及现状,对比中国的文化及生活方式,突出批判性思维能力的培养。
三、教学过程
PartI Pre-reading
Step 1 Warming-up
1. Personal introduction. Free talk.
2. Guessing game:
Watch the video clip and tell:
Where do they come from? How do you know?
3. Introduce the topic today
—We are going to know a land of diversity in class.
Guess the name of the country and state with the given pictures. Then brainstorm.
—What are we going to talk about today? California.
—How much do you know about California?
—What else do you want to know?
4. Look through the titles of the 2 passages and predict the contents.
[Purpose]Lead into the topic by free talk and an interesting guessing game. Check how much they already know about California. Meanwhile know their expectations in terms of California.
PartII W hile-reading
Step 2 Skimming practice
Skim the 2 passages and match:
Passage 1a travel journal about trip
in San Francisco
of California
Thinking:How do you make the match?(writing styles)
In what order is the passage organized?
[Purpose]Pay attention to the different structures of 2 passages. Catch the main idea and get to know different writing styles by skimming the reading materials.
Step 3 Scanning practice with mind-map
1. Read passage 1 fast and find the answer.
Why is California the most multi-cultural state of the USA?
Look through the rest of the passage and find out:How many historical stages are mentioned?
2. Divide them into 4 groups. Each group read their paragraphs to finish the mind map of history according to time order.
Group 1:para. 3
Group 2:para. 4,5
Group 3:para. 6,7,8
Group 4:para. 9,10
[Purpose]Draw an outline of the passage with the help of mind map.Upon finishing this activity,the students will have a general picture of the whole passage. Students read different parts of the passage,which will save the reading time and more importantly cause an information gap among groups. This makes it necessary for different groups to exchange ideas and share the information they get.
Step 4 Group discussion
What has attracted so many people to California
in the past hundreds of years?
(Vast land,gold,working chances,fishing,winemaking,farming,shipping industry,climate,lifestyle,education,places of interest,...)
[Purpose]Brainstorm the reasons why people came to California,leading to the second passage about places of interest. By listing the reasons,students will feel the differences in history,direction of development,life style and education system between the USA and China.
Step 5 Fast-reading practice
1. Read passage 2 quickly and find the places George has visited.
2. Read the map of San Francisco and find the route of traveling.
Day 1:
Day 2:
Day 3:
3. Get familiar with the places,watch the short video about more interesting things in San Francisco.
[Purpose]Passage 2 will be used as extensive reading for students to practice reading skills and prepare to finish the learning task in the next step.
Step 6 Surfing the Internet(optional)
According to the website teacher offers,work in groups to surf the Internet for information they are interested in about San Francisco. Take notes and share with the other groups.
[Purpose]In this step,students will learn to use the Internet as an effective learning resource to promote self-learning.
Part芋Post-reading task
Step 7 Voice your opinion
1. Comparing writing styles of the two passages in the following 4 aspects:
Topic:
Language:
Structure:
Writing style:
2. Making a choice:
Considering the 4 aspects above,which passage do you like better?
3. Activity:Design a guessing game.
According to the passage we have learned and your life experience, prepare a short paragraph to describe a period of Xi’an history or a famous place of interest of Xi’an. The other will guess and each winner gets a prize.
4. Evaluation and summary.
Make comments on their performance and summarize.
[Purpose]Students will combine the information they learn from the passage with their life experience and design an interesting guessing game in this step. Through this activity,their critical thinking and oral English will be trained.
Step 8:Assignment
1. Write down your description about history or place of interest and share with others.
2. Surf the Internet for more information about California and Chinese cities with the websites offered.
四、教学反思
在“第十二届全国中学骨干英语教师新课程教学高级研修班”活动中,笔者作为山东省的英语教师代表,执教了一节设计较为新颖的阅读课。通过与业界专家面对面的交流,学习到很多信息化教学的新理念,收获颇丰。本节课对教材的整合和使用进行了大胆的尝试,在一节阅读课中设计了两篇阅读课文的学习,重点突出对比性阅读的方法,通过灵活多样的阅读活动,训练学生在有限时间内快速定位信息的能力以及批判性思维的能力。
在专家黄自成老师的指导下,整个设计进行过两次大的修改:第一次的修改体现在对文章Cali原fornia的处理上,由原先的分段阅读设计问题,改为
提供一个完整体现文章脉络的mind-map时间树,设计分小组完成阅读任务,学生之间形成信息差之后,通过共享所阅读的重要信息完成任务。第二次重要的修改体现在post-reading的活动设计上,本来是利用文章所得到的关于加州的信息,结合西安的历史文化和景点,要求学生进行讨论,比较两个地方的优缺点,选择出他们愿意居住的城市并说明原因。但根据黄老师的建议,改为了着重突出批判性思维能力的培养,所以加上了对两篇文章的文体进行分析的环节,同时结合所学知识,设计了一个猜谜环节,要求每个小组介绍一个西安的历史时期或著名景点,请其他小组来猜。
实际上课过程中,学生表现非常活跃,这在平常的阅读课中是不多见的,他们对所进行的阅读活动积极参与,其思考问题的深度与回答问题的角度也充分体现了学生的学习能力,新颖的任务内容为学生所接受,个别环节的小竞赛大大激发了学生的学习热情。
由于这是学生学过的内容,且考虑到阅读任务的真实性问题,因此,笔者加入了较多阅读环节设计,压缩了真实阅读的时间。所以,从课堂的实效性角度看,可以适当删掉课前导入环节的video。
作者信息:250000,山东济南,山东济南外国语学校
lisalijuan@qq.com