术前佩戴助听器对人工耳蜗植入术后NRT阈值及T值、C值的影响
2015-03-16王俊孙家强孙敬武张波
王俊 孙家强 孙敬武 张波
术前佩戴助听器对人工耳蜗植入术后NRT阈值及T值、C值的影响
王俊1孙家强1孙敬武1张波1
目的 研究术前佩戴助听器对人工耳蜗植入术后神经反应遥测值(NRT)以及T值(the subjective threshold,T-level)、C值(maximal comfort level,C-level)的影响。方法 45例单耳人工耳蜗植入患者按术前是否佩戴助听器及开始佩戴助听器的年龄分为3组,HA1组(n=17)为术前佩戴助听器大于6个月且佩戴年龄小于3.5岁,HA2组(n=8)为术前佩戴助听器大于6个月且佩戴年龄大于3.5岁,NHA组(n=20)为未佩戴助听器组,比较各组术后电极阻抗值和3、6、12个月的NRT值及T值、C值的差异。结果 NHA、HA1和HA2三组术后电极阻抗值均值分别为10.9±2.1、10.5±2.3、10.7±2.7 kΩ,三组间差异无统计学意义。除了术后12个月时的C值外,HA1组术后3、6、12个月时的NRT阈值及T值、C值均较NHA组低(P<0.05或0.01),术后3、6、12个月时,HA1组三项均值均较HA2组低(P<0.05),而HA2组与NHA组三项均值差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 术前早期(小于3.5岁)佩戴助听器患儿人工耳蜗植入术后NRT、T值及C值均较术前未佩戴助听器组低。
人工耳蜗植入; 助听器; 神经反应遥测
网络出版地址:http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/42.1391.R.20141028.1110.014.html
人工耳蜗植入现在已成为治疗重度和极重度感音神经性聋最有效的方法,术前干预如助听器佩戴及语训也能够改善术后听觉效果[1~3],但术前佩戴助听器对人工耳蜗植入术后神经反应遥测(neural response telemetry,NRT)值和T值(the subjective threshold,T-level)、C值(maximal comfort level,C-level)的影响如何,目前研究较少,故本文通过比较术前是否佩戴助听器患儿人工耳蜗植入术后NRT值及T值、C值的差异,探讨人工耳蜗植入术前佩戴助听器的意义。
1 资料与方法
1.1 研究对象及分组 选取安徽医科大学附属安徽省立医院2012年行单侧人工耳蜗植入术患者45例,其中男25例,女20例,植入年龄1~6岁5个月,平均3.2±1.24岁,根据术前是否佩戴助听器及开始佩戴助听器年龄分为3组,HA1组(术前佩戴助听器超过6个月且佩戴年龄小于3.5岁),17例,植入年龄1岁~3岁7个月,平均2.5±0.76岁;HA2组(术前佩戴助听器超过6个月且佩戴年龄大于3.5岁),8例,植入年龄4岁2个月~6岁5个月,平均5.1±0.82岁;NHA组(术前未佩戴助听器),20例,植入年龄1岁~3岁6个月,平均3.0±0.52岁。所有患者均为语前聋,术前听力学检查均为重度或极重度感音神经性聋(表1),颞骨CT及头部MRI未见异常,无手术禁忌,植入体均为澳大利亚Cochlear公司CI24RE(CA)型人工耳蜗系统,且术中操作顺利,电极完全植入,开机各电极电阻值正常。
1.2 NRT值、T值、C值测试方法 通过Cochlear公司便携调试及编程设备和NRT3.0软件,分别于术后3、6、12个月,检测三组患儿1、11、22号电极NRT值及电极阻抗值,根据游戏中行为反应来确定T值和C值。测试时,刺激速率900 Hz,脉宽25 μs,增益60 dB,延迟50μs,叠加100次,其余参数选择软件默认值,如不能引出满意NRT波形,则使用优化处理重新获取或改用相邻电极重复测试。
1.3 统计学方法 使用SPSS19.0软件对组间NRT值、C值和T值进行独立样本t检验。
2 结果
NHA、HA1、HA2三组患儿各电极阻抗均值分别为10.9±2.1、10.5±2.3、10.7±2.7 kΩ,三组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各组NRT值、T值及C值均值见表2,可见,各组NRT值更接近C值,但高于T值,与T值的差值则较大。术后3、6、12个月时HA1组NRT和T值均低于NHA组(P<0.05),术后3、6个月时C值低于NHA组(P<0.05),12个月时差异无统计学意义。术后3、6、12个月时NHA组、NH2组NRT值、T值及C值差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3、6、12个月时,HA1组NRT值、T值、C值均较HA2组低。
表1 三组患者各频率纯音平均听阈(dB HL,±s)
表1 三组患者各频率纯音平均听阈(dB HL,±s)
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表2 三组患者不同时间NRT值、T值及C值(μV,±s)
表2 三组患者不同时间NRT值、T值及C值(μV,±s)
注:P 1为HA1组与NHA组比较,P2为HA2组与NHA组比较,P 3为HA1组与HA2组比较
3 讨论
NRT技术作为伴随人工耳蜗植入而出现的新技术,早在2000年Brown等[4]就已开始研究将其用于术后编程及预估T值和C值,其直接通过电极电刺激来记录神经诱发动作电位,具有客观、简便、快速、可重复性高等特点,现已广泛用于人工耳蜗植入术中监测及术后调试指导[5]。而对于人工耳蜗植入术前使用助听器的意义,虽有很多相关研究,但观点并不一致,有作者认为术前早期使用助听器能促进听觉通路和听觉皮层的发育,也有作者认为早期适合人工耳蜗植入术的患者术前无需佩戴助听器,且助听器对残余听力很差的患者没有作用[6]。目前我国人工耳蜗植入相关费用仍相对昂贵,对于经济上暂时难以负担或暂时不宜手术的患者,术前佩戴助听器不失为一种补救方式。
本组研究对象均为手术顺利、人工耳蜗电极完全植入且开机电阻值正常的患儿,三组患儿术后各电极电阻均值都在10 kΩ左右,阻抗值正常,且各组间无显著差异。为避免早期开机时患儿对声音刺激的不适,三组患儿均自术后3个月开始记录试验数据,结果发现,各组NRT值、C值和T值均随时间延长而增高,且NRT值高于T值而接近C值,其变化规律与陈雪清等[7]报道相符。Ponton等[8]认为听觉系统在无刺激的状态、不会发育成熟,但仍具有可塑性;Sharma等[9,10]认为3.5岁以前是听觉重塑的关键期,之后重塑能力将逐渐下降,超过7岁以后其重塑能力将明显下降。文中术前早期(小于3.5岁)佩戴助听器患儿(HA1组)术后NRT值、C值及T值均低于未佩戴助听器组(NHA组),而术前3岁半以上才开始佩戴助听器的患儿(HA2组)与NHA组各值比较均无显著性差异,说明HA1组患儿早期佩戴助听器有助于听觉系统重塑。本研究结果中术后C值及T值的差异较NRT值的差异大,可能是由于声音刺激对大脑中枢重塑的作用要好于对外周听觉通路的重塑作用,且Craddock等[11]认为单纯的NRT值并不是太精确,增加有限的行为信息辅助就更为准确。
综上所述,术前早期佩戴助听器患儿人工耳蜗植入术后NRT值、C值及T值的均值均优于术前未佩戴助听器患儿,术前早期佩戴助听器能尽早提供听觉刺激,有利于患儿听觉系统发育,有利于听觉通路及听觉中枢的重塑,还能培养患儿的聆听习惯。对于无条件或不适合早期行人工耳蜗植入的患儿应尽早配戴助听器,单耳人工耳蜗植入患儿也可早期对侧佩戴助听器,一方面提高双耳聆听效果,Beijen等[12]认为双模式能够提高聆听效果且与非植入耳残余听力无关;另一方面及早的听觉刺激有利于听觉重塑,为后期可能的对侧人工耳蜗植入创造条件。
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(2014-05-12收稿)
(本文编辑 周涛)
The Effect of Hearing Aids before CochIear ImpIantation on Postoperative NeuraI Response TeIemetry(NRT)ThreshoId VaIues,the Subjective ThreshoId(T-IeveI)and MaximaI Comfort IeveI(C-IeveI)
Wang Jun,Sun Jiaqiang,Sun Jingwu,Zhang Bo
(Department of OtoIaryngoIogy Head and Neck Surgery,the AffiIiated ProvinciaI HospitaI of Anhui MedicaI University,Hefei,230001,China)
Objective The aim of this study is to explore the significance of fitting hearing aids before cochlear implantation by studying the postoperative impact on neural response telemetry(NRT)threshold,the subjective threshold(T-level)and maximal comfort level(C-level)values.Methods A total of 45 patients with cochlear implants were divided into 3 groups:patients in group HA1(n=17)had worn hearing aids preoperatively more than 6 months and the age of starting wearing hearing aids was yonger than 3.5 years old,patients in group HA2(n=8)had worn hearing aids preoperatively more than 6 months and the starting age was older than 3.5 years old,patients in group NHA(n=20)never wore hearing aids before ACI.The postoperative electrode impedance,NRT value and T-level and C-level were evaluated at 3rd,6th,and 12th months,respectively.ResuIts Electrode impedances were 10.9±2.1 kΩin NHA group,10.5±2.3 kΩin HA1 group,10.7±2.7 kΩin HA2 group,respectively,and there were no statistically significant differences.Significant differences were found between group HA1 and group NHA,group HA1 and group HA2 in terms of NRT threshold value,T-level or C-level(P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences between group HA2 and group NHA with respect to NRT threshold values,T -level as well as C-level(P>0.05).ConcIusion The results of this study showed that wearing hearing aids for a longer time before CI was beneficial for hearing rehabilitation postoperatively.
Cochlear implant; Hearing aids; Neural response telemetry
孙敬武(Email:entsunjingwu@hotmail.com)
10.3969/j.issn.1006-7299.2015.01.016
时间:2014-10-28 11:10
R764.5
A
1006-7299(2015)01-0066-03
1 安徽医科大学附属安徽省立医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科(合肥 230001)
王俊,男,安徽人,主治医师,主要研究方向为耳科学。
·研究报告·