脂蛋白相关性磷脂酶A2与冠状动脉病变程度及心功能变化的关系
2015-02-22郑永红鹿秀霞陈德伟
郑永红,鹿秀霞,陈德伟
·论著·
脂蛋白相关性磷脂酶A2与冠状动脉病变程度及心功能变化的关系
郑永红,鹿秀霞,陈德伟
目的 探讨冠心病患者血浆脂蛋白相关性磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)水平与冠状动脉病变严重程度及心功能的关系。方法 选取2012年1—12月在福建省立医院心内科住院并行冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查的患者122例,根据CAG、典型的临床表现、心电图、心肌酶学指标将患者分为对照组30例、稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组30例、不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)组32例、急性心肌梗死(AMI)组30例。抽取患者外周静脉血,采用速率法检测空腹血糖(FBG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),采用免疫比浊法检测高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP),采用免疫法检测N末端B型脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP),采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定Lp-PLA2。应用Gensini评分系统,对患者冠状动脉狭窄程度进行评分。采用超声心电图检测左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV)和左心室射血分数(LVEF)等心脏收缩功能指标。结果 各组性别、年龄、血压、FBG、TC和Gensini积分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);各组LDL-C、hs-CRP、lgNT-proBNP、Lp-PLA2水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中UAP组和AMI组LDL-C、hs-CRP水平均高于对照组和SAP组(P<0.05);AMI组hs-CRP水平高于UAP组(P<0.05);SAP组、UAP组和AMI组lgNT-proBNP、Lp-PLA2水平均高于对照组,AMI组lgNT-proBNP水平高于SAP组和UAP组(P<0.05),UAP组和AMI组Lp-PLA2水平均高于SAP组,AMI组Lp-PLA2水平高于UAP组(P<0.05)。各组LVEDV、LVESV和LVEF比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中SAP组、UAP组和AMI组LVEDV和LVESV均高于对照组,LVEF均低于对照组;UAP组和AMI组LVEDV和LVESV均高于SAP组,AMI组LVEF低于SAP组;AMI组LVEDV和LVESV均高于UAP组,LVEF低于UAP组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,血浆Lp-PLA2水平与LDL-C(r=0.298,P<0.01)、hs-CRP(r=0.515,P<0.001)、lgNT-proBNP(r=0.743,P<0.01)、LVEDV(r=0.550,P<0.001)、LVESV(r=0.603,P<0.001)均呈正相关,与LVEF呈负相关(r=-0.707,P<0.001),与冠状动脉Gensini积分间无直线相关性(r=0.106,P>0.05)。结论 Lp-PLA2与冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性及心脏收缩功能相关,是冠心病的独立危险因素,同时也是心功能的独立预测因子。
冠心病;脂蛋白相关性磷脂酶A2;冠状动脉狭窄;心室功能,左
郑永红,鹿秀霞,陈德伟.脂蛋白相关性磷脂酶A2与冠状动脉病变程度及心功能变化的关系[J].中国全科医学,2015,18(20):2398-2401.[www.chinagp.net]
Zheng YH,Lu XX,Chen DW.Relationship of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 with the severity of coronary artery lesion and the changes of cardiac function[J].Chinese General Practice,2015,18(20):2398-2401.
脂蛋白相关性磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)是磷脂酶A2超家族中的一员。在人体血浆中,Lp-PLA2主要与氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)结合,并作为单核巨噬细胞的趋化因子[1],在其迁徙、活化和动脉粥样硬化炎性反应中起关键作用。Lp-PLA2是一种新型的炎性标志物[2],其与冠心病的发病关系已有广泛报道。许多研究发现,冠心病患者Lp-PLA2水平明显升高[3-4],目前国内外运用心脏超声项目中左心室功能检查分析Lp-PLA2与心功能的相关性研究极少。本研究通过在冠心病患者中检测血浆Lp-PLA2水平和超声左心室功能状况,探讨Lp-PLA2与冠心病冠状动脉病变严重程度及与心功能的关系。
1 资料与方法
1.1 研究对象 选取2012年1—12月在福建省立医院心内科住院并行冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查的患者122例,其中男72例,女50例;年龄39~87岁,平均年龄(64.1±10.1)岁。CAG显示至少有一支冠状动脉管腔狭窄程度≥50%即可诊断为冠心病,血管狭窄程度<50%者为对照组。结合患者典型的临床表现、心电图、心肌酶学指标分为以下4组:(1)对照组30例;(2)稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组30例;(3)不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)组32例;(4)急性心肌梗死(AMI)组30例。SAP、UAP、AMI诊断均符合2007年中华医学会心血管病学分会及2007年美国心脏协会(AHA)/美国心脏病学会(ACC)诊断标准。排除既往长期接受抗血小板、抗凝、硝酸酯及他汀类药物治疗者;既往曾接受过经皮冠状动脉介入治疗或冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗者;合并感染、严重肝肾功能不全、胰腺疾病、甲状腺功能亢进、肿瘤或结缔组织疾病者;脑梗死或其他周围动脉粥样硬化闭塞症者。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 收集一般资料 入选研究对象均记录性别、年龄和入院第2天清晨血压。并于常规禁食8 h后,于次日清晨抽取外周静脉血3 ml,室温3 387×g离心8 min。采用美国Beckman CX9全自动生化分析仪及配套试剂盒统一检测空腹血糖(FBG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C);另再抽取外周静脉血3 ml,以3 500 r/min离心5 min,2 200×g,检测高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和N末端B型脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)。采用速率法检测FBG、TC、LDL-C,采用免疫比浊法检测hs-CRP,采用免疫法检测NT-proBNP。
1.2.2 检测血浆Lp-PLA2水平 受试者均常规禁食8 h后,于次日清晨抽取外周静脉血5 ml,肝素抗凝。室温4 360×g离心30 min,保留血浆,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定Lp-PLA2,试剂盒由北京博奥森有限公司提供,严格按照试剂盒说明书操作。
1.2.3 CAG及冠状动脉狭窄程度评价 采用标准Judkins法,根据AHA/ACC规定的冠状动脉血管图像分段计分评价标准,应用Gensini评分系统,对每支冠状动脉血管病变狭窄程度进行定量评价。每处病变的积分为狭窄程度(狭窄程度以最严重处为标准)评分×病变部位相应系数,各病变积分的总和即为该患者冠状动脉狭窄程度的最终积分。
1.2.4 左心室功能分析 由同一超声心动图医师进行操作及测量,采用GE Vivid-7 Demision超声诊断仪进行左心室功能分析。受试者取左侧卧位,连接同步心电图,二维切面顺序扫查。选择同一心动周期的舒张末期和收缩末期图像,采用心尖双平面Simpson公式法,依次检测左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV)和左心室射血分数(LVEF)等心脏收缩功能指标。连续测量两个心动周期,取平均值。
2 结果
2.1 各组一般资料、血浆Lp-PLA2水平和冠状动脉Gensini积分比较 各组性别、年龄、血压、FBG、TC和Gensini积分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);各组LDL-C、hs-CRP、lgNT-proBNP、Lp-PLA2水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中UAP组和AMI组LDL-C、hs-CRP水平均高于对照组和SAP组(P<0.05);AMI组hs-CRP水平高于UAP组(P<0.05);SAP组、UAP组和AMI组lgNT-proBNP、Lp-PLA2水平均高于对照组,AMI组lgNT-proBNP水平高于SAP组和UAP组(P<0.05);UAP组和AMI组Lp-PLA2水平均高于SAP组,AMI组Lp-PLA2水平高于UAP组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,见表1)。
2.2 各组心脏超声左心室功能指标比较 各组LVEDV、LVESV和LVEF比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中SAP组、UAP组和AMI组LVEDV和LVESV均高于对照组,LVEF均低于对照组;UAP组和AMI组LVEDV和LVESV均高于SAP组,AMI组LVEF低于SAP组;AMI组LVEDV和LVESV均高于UAP组,LVEF低于UAP组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,见表2)。
2.3 相关性分析Pearson相关分析结果显示,血浆
Lp-PLA2水平与LDL-C(r=0.298,P<0.01)、hs-CRP(r=0.515,P<0.001)、lgNT-proBNP(r=0.743,P<0.01)、LVEDV(r=0.550,P<0.001)、LVESV(r=0.603,P<0.001)均呈正相关,与LVEF呈负相关(r=-0.707,P<0.001),与冠状动脉Gensini积分间无直线相关性(r=0.106,P>0.05)。
表2 各组左心功能指标比较±s)
注:与对照组比较,aP<0.05;与SAP组比较,bP<0.05;与UAP组比较,cP<0.05;LVEDV=左心室舒张末期容积,LVESD=左心室收缩末期容积,LVEF=左心室射血分数
3 讨论
本研究结果显示,冠心病各组Gensini积分比较无差异,提示冠心病的严重程度与冠状动脉的狭窄程度无直接关系,与Takano等[5]研究结果一致。冠心病的严重程度主要与炎性反应及粥样硬化斑块的稳定性有关。多数狭窄不严重的患者,却因为斑块易损或不稳定而出现破裂,导致急性冠脉综合征(ACS)的发生。
Kolodgie等[6]发现在斑块坏死中心,易损及破裂斑块、凋亡的巨噬细胞周围,Lp-PLA2高度表达,说明Lp-PLA2存在于粥样易损斑块中。国外多项大型流行病学和前瞻性研究表明,Lp-PLA2和原发性冠状动脉或心血管事件的发生有关,Packard等[3]研究发现,高血浆Lp-PLA2水平的人群发生冠心病的风险是低Lp-PLA2水平人群的2倍;Ballantyne等[4]研究显示,LDL-C<1.30 mmol/L时,Lp-PLA2与心血管事件明显相关。
表1 各组一般资料及Lp-PLA2水平和冠状动脉Gensini积分比较
注:与对照组比较,aP<0.05;与SAP组比较,bP<0.05;与UAP组比较,cP<0.05;-表示无此数据;SAP=稳定型心绞痛,UAP=不稳定型心绞痛,AMI=急性心肌梗死,FBG=空腹血糖,TC=总胆固醇,LDL-C=低密度脂蛋白胆固醇,hs-CRP=高敏C反应蛋白,NT-proBNP=N末端B型脑钠肽前体,Lp-PLA2=脂蛋白相关性磷脂酶A2;d为χ2值
国内流行病学调查也发现,Lp-PLA2与主要心血管疾病危险因素关系较强[7]。本研究通过检测冠心病各组及对照组血浆Lp-PLA2水平,发现随着冠心病严重程度的改变,血浆Lp-PLA2水平逐渐上升。UAP组和AMI组血浆Lp-PLA2水平显著高于SAP组和对照组;而Lp-PLA2水平与冠状动脉Gensini积分无相关性。提示血浆Lp-PLA2水平与冠状动脉病变斑块的不稳定性相关,斑块越不稳定,Lp-PLA2水平越高,而与冠状动脉狭窄程度无关,与杨丽等[8]研究结果不同,而与Khuseyinova等[9]和Dohi等[10]观点相同。进一步分析显示,LDL-C在AMI组与对照组间有差异,且血浆Lp-PLA2与LDL-C呈正相关,说明Lp-PLA2和LDL-C均参与脂质斑块的形成,进而促进冠心病的发生和病情发展。
本研究结果发现,随着冠心病严重程度的加重,hs-CRP水平明显上升,尤其是UAP组和AMI组;相对于UAP组,AMI组又有明显提高。相关分析显示,Lp-PLA2与hs-CRP呈正相关,但是这两个炎性标志物变化又不完全一致。在SAP阶段Lp-PLA2就有明显上升,但AMI时Lp-PLA2上升没有hs-CRP明显。Anan等[11]推测,hs-CRP为急性炎性反应因子,在慢性低浓度炎性反应中变化不大,而Lp-PLA2则在慢性炎性反应中作用更明显。
对于Lp-PLA2与心功能的关系目前研究较少。一些小样本的研究认为,Lp-PLA2与心功能相关,且其对心功能的预测价值独立于冠心病之外[12-13]。本研究发现,随着冠心病严重程度的上升,Lp-PLA2和lgNT-proBNP升高,LVEF下降。冠心病患者Lp-PLA2与LVEDV、LVESV、LVEF及lgNT-proBNP相关。提示冠心病心肌缺血、缺氧等造成心肌损伤,心功能受损,lgNT-proBNP上升,LVEF下降,同时血液中Lp-PLA2的释放量增多,并随心功能损伤加重而升高。故冠心病时Lp-PLA2水平升高是患者病情加重、心肌损伤的特异性指标,且能反映心功能水平,有助于冠心病心功能转归的预测。
综上所述,Lp-PLA2在冠心病的发生发展及转归中发挥着重要的作用。Lp-PLA2的特性决定了其对不稳定斑块的预测价值,血浆水平升高可作为冠状动脉粥样斑块不稳定性和心功能恶化的标志,在预测疾病的严重程度及可能在预测心功能的变化方面都有其独到的作用。目前在美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)已经批准Lp-PLA2检测试剂进入临床,具备普及的条件,未来在临床上具有广阔的应用前景。
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(本文编辑:贾萌萌)
Relationship of Lipoprotein-associated Phospholipase A2 With the Severity of Coronary Artery Lesion and the Changes of Cardiac Function
ZHENGYong-hong,LUXiu-xia,CHENDe-wei.
FujianProvincialHosipital,Fuzhou350001,China
Objective To investigate the relationship of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 with the severity of coronary artery lesion and the changes of cardiac function.Methods From January to December in 2012,we enrolled 122 patients who were admitted into the cardiology department of Fujian Provincial Hospital and received coronary arteriography(CAG)there.According to the results of CAG,typical clinical manifestations,electrocardiogram and the indicators of myocardial enzyme,the subjects were divided into control group(n=30),SAP group(n=30),UAP group(n=32)and AMI group(n=30).Peripheral venous blood was sampled;FBG,TC,LDL-C were tested by velocity method;hs-CRP was tested by immunoturbidimetry method;NT-proBNP was tested by immunization method;Lp-PLA2 was tested by ELISA.The degree of coronary artery stenosis was assessed using Gensini score system.Ultrasound cardiogram was employed to examine the indicators of systolic function including LVEDV,LVESV and LVEF.Results The groups were not significantly different(P>0.05)in gender,age,blood pressure,FBG,TC and Gensini integral;the groups were significantly different (P<0.05)in the levels of LDL-C,hs-CRP,lgNT-proBNP and Lp-PLA2;the UAP group and the AMI group were higher(P<0.05)than the control group and SAP group in the LDL-C,hs-CRP level;the AMI group was higher (P<0.05)than the UAP group in the level of hs-CRP;the SAP group,UAP group and AMI group were higher (P<0.05)than the control group in the level of lgNT-proBNP,Lp-PLA2;the AMI group was higher(P<0.05)than the SAP group and UAP group in the level of lgNT-proBNP;the UAP group and AMI group were higher(P<0.05)than the SAP group in the level of Lp-PLA2;the AMI group was higher(P<0.05)than the UAP group in the level of Lp-PLA2.The groups were significantly different(P<0.05)in LVEDV,LVESV and LVEF;the SAP group,UAP group and the AMI group were higher(P<0.05)in LVEDV and LVESV and lower(P<0.05)in LVEF than the control group;the UAP group and AMI group were higher(P<0.05)than the SAP group in LVEDV and LVESV;the AMI group was lower(P<0.05)than the SAP group in LVEF;the AMI gorup was higher(P<0.05) in LVEDV and LVESV and lower(P<0.05)in LVEF than the UAP group.The pearson relevance analysis showed that the level of Lp-PLA2 was positively correlated with LDL-C(r=0.298,P<0.01),hs-CRP(r=0.515,P<0.001),lgNT-proBNP(r=0.743,P<0.01),LVEDV(r=0.550,P<0.001),LVESV(r=0.603,P<0.001),was negatively correlated with LVEF(r=-0.707,P<0.001),and had no linear correlation with Gensini integral of coronary artery(r=0.106,P>0.05).Conclusion The level of Lp-PLA2 is significantly associated with coronary atherosclerotic plaque stability and cardiac systolic function.Lp-PLA2 is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease,and also an independent predictor of cardiac function.
Coronary disease;Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2;Coronary stenosis;Ventricular funcion,left
350001福建省福州市,福建省立医院(郑永红,陈德伟);宁德市医院超声科(鹿秀霞)
R 541.4
A
10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2015.20.009
2014-10-25;
2015-04-11)