高压氧联合骨肽治疗对跟骨骨折术后切口血运及骨折愈合的影响
2015-02-21单忠林
金 驰,单忠林,杨 磊
·短篇论著·
高压氧联合骨肽治疗对跟骨骨折术后切口血运及骨折愈合的影响
金 驰,单忠林,杨 磊
目的 探讨高压氧联合骨肽治疗对跟骨骨折术后切口血运及骨折愈合的影响。方法 收集2008年1月—2012年1月沧州市中心医院收治的闭合性跟骨骨折患者135例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为高压氧组、骨肽组及联合组,各45例。所有患者术后进行常规治疗,高压氧组在常规治疗基础上给予高压氧治疗,骨肽组在常规治疗基础上给予骨肽治疗,联合组在常规治疗基础上给予高压氧和骨肽治疗。比较3组患者治疗前及治疗10 d时切口血运,切口疗效及治疗1、2、3个月的骨折愈合情况。结果 3组患者治疗前、治疗后10 d切口肿胀、皮缘色暗、皮温低、表皮水疱发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组患者切口疗效比较,差异有统计学意义(H=10.471,P=0.03);其中联合组优于高压氧组和骨肽组(P<0.05)。治疗1个月时3组患者骨痂生长情况评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗2个月、3个月时3组患者骨痂生长情况评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中联合组高于高压氧组和骨肽组(P<0.05)。结论 高压氧联合骨肽治疗可有效改善跟骨骨折术后切口血运状况,促进骨折愈合,可作为跟骨骨折手术治疗的有效辅助方法。
高压氧;骨肽;跟骨;骨折;骨折愈合
金驰,单忠林,杨磊.高压氧联合骨肽治疗对跟骨骨折术后切口血运及骨折愈合的影响[J].中国全科医学,2015,18(6):703-706.[www.chinagp.net]
Jin C,Shan ZL,Yang L.Effects of hyperbaric oxygen combined with ossotide injection on fracture healing and incision blood circulation of patients with calcaneal fracture after operation[J].Chinese General Practice,2015,18(6):703-706.
表1 3组患者一般资料比较
注:*采用Fisher确切概率法;△为F值
表2 3组患者治疗前、治疗10 d切口血运情况比较〔n(%)〕
Table 2 Comparion of incision blood supply among the three groups of patients before treatment and 10 days after treatment
组别例数明显肿胀治疗前 治疗10d皮缘色暗治疗前 治疗10d皮温低治疗前 治疗10d表皮水疱治疗前治疗10d高压氧组4513(289)2(44)21(467)3(89)6(133)1(22)7(156)0骨肽组4512(267)1(22)22(489)6(133)5(111)1(22)6(133)1(22)联合组4511(244)023(511)1(44)5(111)06(133)0χ2值02272045017841040142125701232015P值089036092013093042094033
跟骨骨折是足部常见的骨折,目前应用最广泛的治疗方法为采用跟骨外侧切口的切开复位内固定手术[1-2]。满意复位骨折的同时也增加了切口感染、皮肤坏死、骨折不愈合等并发症的风险[3-4]。本院近年来对行跟骨外侧切口、切开复位内固定的跟骨骨折患者术后采用高压氧联合骨肽治疗,取得了满意疗效,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 收集2008年1月—2012年1月沧州市中心医院收治的闭合性跟骨骨折患者135例为研究对象,其中男99例,女36例;年龄18~65岁。排除标准:陈旧性及不愈合性骨折患者;合并严重心、肝、肾、血液系统疾病及贫血患者;合并严重心律失常或胸腔积气、严重慢性阻塞性肺病等不能耐受高压氧治疗的患者。采用随机数字表法将患者分为高压氧组、骨肽组及联合组,各45例。3组患者性别、年龄、骨折Sanders分型、受伤后至手术时间、高血压及糖尿病发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05,见表1)。患者均了解试验详情后签署知情同意书。
1.2 方法 常规抬高患肢,静脉滴注20%甘露醇和七叶皂苷钠等活血消肿治疗,待患者足跟皱褶试验阳性时进行手术。腰麻,健侧卧位,气压止血带止血,采用外侧扩大“L”形切口,紧贴跟骨外侧壁作全层剥离,将包含腓肠神经、小隐静脉、腓骨长短肌腱、跟腓韧带在内的全厚皮瓣一并掀起,于外踝、距骨颈、骰骨上分别钻入2.0 mm克氏针,以无张力方式牵开皮瓣,显露距下关节。直视下恢复跟骨外形和复位后关节面,用克氏针临时固定,X线透视验证复位情况。最后将外侧壁复位,选取普通解剖钢板,塑形后贴附于外侧壁进行固定。术后放置负压引流,分层关闭切口,加压包扎。
所有患者术后禁止吸烟,第1天即采用常规治疗,给予抗生素、抗凝药、血管扩张药、局部换药等对症治疗;术后24~48 h后去除引流管,保温。高压氧组在常规治疗基础上给予高压氧治疗,采用烟台冰轮生产的空气加压治疗舱,升压时间15 min,稳压70 min,稳压时吸氧1次/30 min,反复3次,两次吸氧间隔休息5 min;之后降压出舱,吸入医用纯氧60 min,治疗压力为0.2 mPa(0.1 mPa=760 mm Hg),1次/d,20 d为1个疗程,共治疗2个疗程。骨肽组在常规治疗基础上给予骨肽注射液(吉林辉南制药股份有限公司;批号:国药准字号H2202024576)治疗,肌肉注射5 ml/次,2次/d,20 d为1个疗程,共治疗2个疗程。联合组在常规治疗基础上给予高压氧和骨肽治疗,方法、剂量、疗程同高压氧组和骨肽组。3组患者均在每个疗程结束时拍X线片了解骨折愈合情况。
1.3 疗效判断 (1)术后切口血运观察:观察3组患者术后治疗前、治疗10 d时切口肿胀、皮缘色暗、皮温低、表皮水疱等并发症[5]情况。(2)患者出院时进行切口疗效评定:治愈指切口局部血运正常,无肿胀、无皮缘坏死;有效指切口局部血运一定程度改善,肿胀不明显、无皮缘坏死;无效指切口局部血运改善不明显,肿胀明显、部分皮缘坏死,切口愈合不佳或延期愈合。(3)术后骨折愈合观察:3组患者均于治疗后1、2、3个月随访,拍X线片了解骨折愈合情况,参照文献[6]评价骨痂生长情况:0分表示骨折端无骨痂;1分表示骨折端云雾状骨痂;2分表示骨折端正侧位片有一侧骨痂形成;3分表示骨折端正侧位片两侧均有骨痂形成;4分表示结构性骨痂形成。
2 结果
2.1 3组患者术后治疗前、治疗10 d切口血运情况比较 3组患者治疗前、治疗10 d切口肿胀、皮缘色暗、皮温低、表皮水疱发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05,见表2)。
2.2 3组患者切口疗效比较 3组患者切口疗效比较,差异有统计学意义(H=10.471,P=0.03);其中联合组优于高压氧组和骨肽组,差异均有统计学意义(u值分别为6.401和6.617,P<0.05,见表3)。
2.3 3组患者骨折愈合情况比较 治疗1个月时3组患者骨痂生长情况评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗2个月、3个月时3组患者骨痂生长情况评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中联合组高于高压氧组和骨肽组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,见表4)。
表3 3组患者切口疗效比较〔n(%)〕
Table 3 Comparison of healing condition of the incision among the three groups of patients
组别例数治愈有效无效高压氧组4526(578)14(311)5(111)骨肽组4527(600)9(200)9(200)联合组4537(822)6(133)2(45)
Table 4 Comparison of callus growth score among the three groups of patients after treatment
组别例数治疗后1个月治疗后2个月治疗后3个月高压氧组4516±0221±0326±04骨肽组4516±0320±0425±05联合组4517±0524±07∗△30±08∗△F值162832544843P值009<0001<0001
注:与高压氧组比较,*P<0.05;与骨肽组比较,△P<0.05
3 讨论
跟骨骨折愈合受手术方式、术中软组织损伤、骨折复位情况等多种因素影响,而术后切口血运的恢复是否良好是上述因素影响的综合反应。术后血运不佳常导致皮缘坏死、肿胀、表皮水疱等症状。跟骨周围包绕的是薄层骨皮质,外侧皮肤软组织较薄且移动性差[7]。骨折后跟骨宽度增加,松质骨渗血较多,易引起局部软组织肿胀,甚至可出现张力性水疱。若发生皮缘坏死,缺损区因周围皮肤移动性差而较难通过周围的游离皮瓣替代。在行跟骨骨折内固定术时容易损伤足外侧血供的周围组织,从而使足外侧血运不佳,影响局部组织代谢,导致骨折损伤区处于缺氧状态,使创口延期愈合,进而导致骨折周围软组织血氧供应不足,影响骨折愈合。因此,迅速改善切口血运对改善骨折愈合有着重要意义。
高压氧和骨肽是骨折术后促进骨折修复的两种重要治疗方法。本研究中高压氧组及骨肽组治疗10 d切口肿胀、切缘色暗、皮温低、表皮水疱均明显改善,说明高压氧、骨肽对切口血运均有改善作用,这与国内相关研究报道基本一致[8-9]。高压氧通过迅速提高血氧分压改善骨折部位血氧供应以促进骨折愈合,其作用机制为:使氧的有效弥散半径扩大,吸入的氧可直接溶入血中,增加创面组织血氧含量和氧张力,从而较快有效地纠正创面组织的缺氧状态,进而大量保存了细胞膜中的ATP,增加了细胞的稳定性,减少受损组织间液的渗出,改善组织水肿;促进血管内皮细胞、上皮细胞、成纤维细胞快速分裂增殖,加速毛细血管增生而建立侧支循环,改善患部血液供应、改善水肿;增加胶原纤维的合成,有利于毛细血管生长促进损伤组织修复[10];组织的修复有利于加速骨折断端骨痂的形成,增加胶原蛋白的生成,增加骨痂内钙、磷、锌、镁等元素,使患者可早期进行功能锻炼[11]。骨肽注射液有丰富的促进骨生长及发育的活性因子,如骨源性生长因子、软骨源性生长因子等,这些活性因子直接作用于成骨细胞,促进成骨细胞的合成,促进软骨内及骨膜内骨化,修复骨组织[12];另外骨肽含有丰富的钙、磷及微量元素等,增加了骨钙沉积,有利于骨折修复[13];骨肽还可以促进骨折部位周围软组织血管的形成,而抑制炎性反应,降低炎性物质渗出,促进吸收,减轻肿胀、皮缘坏死等症状的发生[14]。高压氧与骨肽均具有改善骨折部位局部血液循环、促进骨折愈合的作用,高压氧与骨肽的作用机制不同可能具有协同作用。
本研究结果显示,联合组切口疗效优于高压氧组和骨肽组,进一步对3组患者的骨痂生长情况进行随访发现,术后2个月、3个月时,高压氧与骨肽治疗的骨痂生长情况评分无差异,联合组患者的骨痂生长情况评分高于高压氧组和骨肽组,提示单纯的高压氧与骨肽治疗对骨折愈合的作用是相当的,联合使用则会进一步促进骨痂形成,缩短骨折愈合的时间。分析其原因可能是:骨肽虽然可直接作用于骨组织细胞,但仍需通过局部血液循环抵达骨组织,当在局部血运较差时则影响其促骨生长的作用;而高压氧则可改善局部血液循环,较快地建立新的血运途径抵达骨组织,有利于血氧及骨肽进入骨组织,迅速促进成骨细胞合成,修复骨组织。但由于本研究样本量较小,随访时间较短,其远期疗效如何,尚需增加样本量及随访时间进一步研究证实。
综上所述,高压氧联合骨肽治疗可有效改善跟骨骨折术后切口血运及促进骨折愈合,与单纯的高压氧及骨肽相比,疗效明显提高,可作为跟骨骨折手术治疗的有效辅助方法。
[1]Mai MJ,Hu JP,Huang JX,et al.Analysis of different treatments for calcaneal fracture[J].Journal of Hainan Medical College,2010,16(7):895-896.(in Chinese) 麦敏军,胡建平,黄均雄,等.两种方法治疗40例跟骨骨折疗效分析[J].海南医学院学报,2010,16(7):895-896.
[2]Zhao Y.In calcaneum joint bone fracture surgery curative effect analysis[J].Practical Journal of Cardiac Cerebral Pneumal and Vascular Disease,2012,20(7):1184.(in Chinese) 赵勇.跟骨关节内骨折手术的疗效分析[J].实用心脑肺血管病杂志,2012,20(7):1184.
[3]Fan SC,Liu ZZ,Zeng CJ,et al.Effect of anatomic bone plate on calcaneal fracture(Sanders type Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ)[J].Chinese Journal Bone and Joint Surgery,2011,4(5):370-371.(in Chinese) 樊仕才,刘则征,曾参军,等.解剖接骨板治疗Sanders Ⅱ~Ⅳ型跟骨骨折的临床疗效[J].中国骨与关节外科,2011,4(5):370-371.
[4]Han DH.Analysis complications after internal fixation of calcaneal fractures[J].Chinese Journal for Clinicians,2013,41(8):58.(in Chinese) 韩东海.跟骨骨折内固定术后并发症分析[J].中国临床医生,2013,41(8):58.
[5]Chen LH,Yang QJ,Liu HB.The analysis of therapeutic effect of blood supply obstruction of injured limbs after calcaneum fracture surgery treated with hyperbaric oxygen[J].Journal of Practical Orthopaedics,2010,16(11):819-821.(in Chinese) 陈丽红,杨启菁,刘洪波.高压氧治疗跟骨骨折术后切口血运障碍的疗效观察[J].实用骨科杂志,2010,16(11):819-821.
[6]Paulo CF,Simone CV,Rogério FN,et al.Effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy combined with autologous platelet concentrate applied in rabbit fibula fraction healing[J].Clinics,2013,68(9):1239-1246.
[7]Shi GJ,Guo DH,Li XM,et al.Internal fixation of calcaneus postoperativewound complications in clinical research[J].Hebei Medical Journal,2012,34(4):523-524.(in Chinese) 石国君,郭东辉,李晓明,等.跟骨内固定术后切口并发症预防临床研究[J].河北医药,2012,34(4):523-524.
[8]Shigeo K,Eiji W,Ryoichi M,et al.Hyperbaric hyperoxia accelerates fracture healing in mice[J].PLoS One,2013,8(8):e72603.
[9]Liu YW.Clinical observation on ossotide injectio auxiliary treating fracture[J].Chinese Journal of Modern Drun Application,2009,3(21):43-44.(in Chinese) 刘易威.注射用骨肽辅助治疗骨折的临床观察[J].中国现代药物应用,2009,3(21):43-44.
[10]Pedro B,Mariana C,Rita R,et al.Hyperbaric oxygen effects on sports injuries[J].Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis,2011,3(2):111-121.
[11]Guo XY,Sun ZY,Li XQ,et al.Curative effect observation and mechanism discussion that ossotide intravenous drip combined with hyperbaric oxygen inhalation in treatment of delayed union,nonunion [J].Shandong Medical Journal,2010,50(22):65-66.(in Chinese) 郭新银,孙兆云,李雪芹,等.骨肽静滴联合高压氧吸入治疗骨折延迟愈合、骨不连疗效观察及机制探讨[J].山东医药,2010,50(22):65-66.
[12]Huang YH.Areview on clinical application of complex prescription of osseous peptides[J].Clinical Journal of Chinese Medicine,2012,4(23):119-121.(in Chinese) 黄咏红.复方骨肽临床应用综述[J].中医临床研究,2012,4(23):119-121.
[13]Wu RJ.Combined injection of Xianlinggubao capsule in treatment of clinical observation of 74 cases of fracture of bone peptide[J].Journal of Snake,2011,23(3):273-274.(in Chinese) 吴容见.仙灵骨葆胶囊联合注射用骨肽治疗骨折74例疗效观察[J].蛇志,2011,23(3):273-274.
[14]Ruan LZ.Clinical application of ossotide injection[J].Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacy,2008,17(5):320-321.(in Chinese) 阮莲芝.骨肽注射液的临床应用[J].中国临床药学杂志,2008,17(5):320-321.
修回日期:2014-12-08)
(本文编辑:陈素芳)
Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Combined with Ossotide Injection on Fracture Healing and Incision Blood Circulation of Patients with Calcaneal Fracture after Operation
JINChi,SHANZhong-lin,YANGLei.
ThirdDepartmentofOrthopedics,CangzhouCentralHospital,Cangzhou061001,China
Objective To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen combined with Ossotide injection on incision blood circulation and fracture healing of patients with calcaneal fracture after operation.Methods 135 patients with closed calcaneal fracture who were treated in Cangzhou Central Hospital from January 2008 to January 2012,were selected as study subjects,they were divided into hyperbaric oxygen group,Ossotide injection group and combination group by random number table method,45 cases in each group.All patients received conventional therapy after operation,patients in hyperbaric oxygen group were treated with hyperbaric oxygen on basis of conventional therapy,patients in Ossotide injection group were treated with hyperbaric oxygen on basis of conventional therapy,patients in combination group were treated with hyperbaric oxygen and Ossotide injection on basis of conventional therapy,the incision blood circulation and healing condition of the incision were compared among three groups of patients before treatment and 10 days after treatment,fracture healing status 1,2 and 3 months after treatment was compared among three groups.Results There was no significant difference in incidences of incision swelling,dull look of skin edges,low skin temperature and blister among three groups before treatment and 10 days after treatment(P>0.05).There was significant difference in healing condition of the incision among three groups (H=10.471,P=0.03),healing condition of the incision in combination group was significantly better than that in hyperbaric oxygen group and in Ossotide injection group,respectively(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in callus growth score among three groups 1 month after treatment(P>0.05);there was significant difference in callus growth score 2 and 3 months after treatment,respectively (P<0.05);the callus growth score in combination group was significantly higher than that in hyperbaric oxygen group and in Ossotide injection group(P<0.05).Conclusion Hyperbaric oxygen combined with Ossotide injection can effectively improve incision blood circulation and promote fracture healing of patients with calcaneal fractures after operation,which is an effective auxiliary treatment method for calcaneal fracture after operation.
Hyperbaric oxygenation;Bone peptide;Calcaneus;Fractures,bone;Fracture healing
061001河北省沧州市中心医院骨三科
金驰,061001河北省沧州市中心医院骨三科;E-mail:3260645@qq.com
R 683.42
B
10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2015.06.023
2014-06-04;