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所给提示词为动词的语法填空题解法

2014-11-24赖梅

广东教育·高中 2014年11期
关键词:故用介词谓语

赖梅

所给提示词为动词时,该动词一般是谓语与非谓语动词,这3分题大多考生是容易拿到的。笔者就此类题的解法作一总结,与大家分享。

所给提示词为动词时,在高考语法填空中通常是一个谓语动词和一个非谓语动词,还有可能是词性转换题。

首先要分析句子结构,确定所给动词是不是在句子的主语后作谓语。

若是作谓语,应考虑:(1)时态;(2)语态;(3)主谓一致;(4)虚拟语气。

若是非谓语动词,应考虑:

(1)非谓语动词的逻辑主语(普通的规律):如果逻辑主语是非谓语动作的发出者用 v-ing形式; 逻辑主语是非谓语动作的承受者用v-ed形式;逻辑主语是非谓语动作的发出者但还未发生(在谓语动词之后发生)用不定式to do。

另外,作目的状语只能用动词不定式to do;在介词后只能用v-ing形式。

(2)是否为特别的情感类动词。如,astonish, amaze, annoy, amuse, convince, delight, disappoint, encourage, excite, frighten, interest, please等,它们的-ed与-ing形式可作形容词,前者是自身感觉,后者是给人的感觉。

(3)考虑固定的系表结构。如,be lost in (沉迷于),be seated (坐着),be hidden (躲),be absorbed in (沉溺于),be tired of (对……厌烦),be concerned about(关心,挂念),be determined to do (下决心做), be exhausted (=be very tired =be worn out疲惫不堪)等。当这些短语作状语时,常常去掉be用过去分词作状语,表主语的状态。

即时练习

1. Recently, they (build) a new house at this place.

2. The interview only took ten minutes,but it (feel) like hours.

3. All the preparations for the task __________(complete),and were ready to start.

4. Usually,winners ___________(advise) not to publicize their address and phone number, but begging letters still arrive.

5. Mr. Li,our English teacher,treats us as if we _________(be) his own children.

6. With the ___________(arrive) of spring,the Dorritys took the children for an outing.

7. The teachers words were a great ___________ (encourage)to him.

8. On a journey,there are always so many people (meet) and interesting things to see.

9. We read books and used anything we could find

(make)candles to see the words.

10. It was a treasure with gold and jewels, which took the best artists about ten years (make).

11. I was lucky enough to have a chance (make) a trip into space.

12. To be honest,a lot of people attach great importance to

(become) rich and famous.

13. Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without

(follow).

14. In the valleys we saw many cows and sheep (eat) green grass.

15. (use)his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.

16. There was a terrible noise (follow) the sudden burst of light.

17. (follow) by some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.

18. (give) more water, the trees could have grown better.

19. (heat),liquids can be changed into gases.

20. (disappoint) with the result of the experiment, she started a new one.endprint

21. (interest) in the book, he read it once again.

22. We watched, (amaze) as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship.

23. (surprise) and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.

24. He left the place, (determine) never to come back.

25. After the Anti-terrorist War, the American soldiers returned home, safe but (tire).

26. After his journey from abroad, Richard Johns returned home, (exhaust).

27. (lose/absorb) in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound.

28. (dress) in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.

29. Along the way children (dress) in long wool coats stopped to look at us.

30. (wear) out after a long walk, Hellen called and said she couldnt come to the party.

31. (tire) of the food, he said nothing and went out.

32. (concern) about his safety, the parents called/rang him.

答案与解析

以下1~7题考查谓语动词与词性转换。

1. have built 在主语they后应是谓语动词,“他们建房”,用主动语态,又由recently可知,用现在完成时。

2. felt 在主语it后应是谓语动词,考虑时态;由前一并列分句的谓语动词took可知,用一般过去时。

3. have been completed 因preparations与complete是被动关系,应当用被动语态;又由were ready to start可知,准备工作已经做好了,故用现在完成时;因主语是复数,故填have been completed。

4. are advised 是advise sb. to do sth.的被动式。

5. were 虚拟语气,用一般过去式表示与现在事实相反的情况。

6. arrival 在介词或冠词后应当用名词。

7. encouragement 在冠词加形容词后应当用名词。

以下8~19题属上述非谓语动词的第(1)条。

8. to meet 这是there be句型,are是谓语动词,meet是非谓语动词;many people与meet是主动关系,又是未来发生的,即“要见”,故填to meet。

9. to make 作目的状语,只能用动词不定式。

10. to make 表示“某人做某事花了多长时间”用take sb. some time to do sth.句型。

11. to make 句中已有谓语was lucky,所给的make应是非谓语动词,作chance的定语,用动词不定式,表示“太空旅行的机会”。

12. becoming 在attach great importance to (重视)中的to是介词,介词后只能用v-ing形式。

13. being followed 在介词后用v-ing形式;follow的逻辑主语Freddy and his band与follow是被动关系,意为“弗雷迪和他的乐队走到哪里都会有人跟随”,故用v-ing的被动式。

14. eating 已有谓语动词saw,括号中的eat应为非谓语动词;eat的逻辑主语cows and sheep与eat是主动关系,故填eating。

15. Using 因已有谓语动词are producing,所给动词use应是非谓语动词;因use的逻辑主语farmers与use是主动关系,故用v-ing形式。

16. following 本句是there be句型,follow是非谓语动词;其逻辑主语a terrible noise与follow是主动关系,故用v-ing形式。

17. Followed 句中inspected是谓语动词,follow应是非谓语动词;因Napoleon与follow是被动关系,故用v-ed形式。

18. Given 句中could have grown为谓语,give应为非谓语动词;因其逻辑主语the trees与give是被动关系,故用过去分词。

19. Heated 句中can be changed是谓语,heat是非谓语;其逻辑主语liquids与heat是被动关系,故用v-ed形式。

以下20~23题属上述非谓语动词的第(2)条。

20. Disappointed 因disappoint是情感类动词,指逻辑主语she自身的感觉,即“她感到失望”,故用v-ed形式。

21. Interested 因interest是情感类动词,指逻辑主语I自身的感觉,即“我对这本书感兴趣”,故用v-ed形式。

22. amazed 因amaze是情感类动词,指逻辑主语we自身的感觉,即“我们感到惊奇”,故用v-ed形式。

23. Surprised 因surprise是情感类动词,指逻辑主语Tony自身的感觉,即“Tony感到惊奇”,故用v-ed形式。

以下24~32题属上述非谓语动词的第(3)条。

24. determined 是be determined to do结构,去掉be,用determined即可。

25. tired 是be tired结构,去掉be就可以了。safe and tired相当于and they were safe but tired。

26. exhausted 是be exhausted (=be very tired疲惫不堪)结构,去掉be即可。

27. Lost / Absorbed 是be absorbed /lost in结构,去掉be即可。

28. Dressed 是be dressed in结构,去掉be即可。

29. dressed 是be dressed in结构,去掉be即可,分词作定语。

30. Worn 是be worn out结构,去掉be即可。

31. Tired 是be tired of结构,去掉be即可。

32. Concerned 是be concerned about结构,去掉be即可。

(作者单位:茂名市电白区水东中学)

责任编校 蒋小青endprint

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