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初中英语主谓一致考点梳理之我见

2014-03-24肖炳全

中学课程辅导·教学研究 2014年5期
关键词:单数复数谓语

肖炳全

摘要:初中英语主谓一致是英语学习的重点,同时也是历年中考英语的重要考点。对主谓一致考点进行归纳梳理,有利……

关键词:主谓一致;归纳;梳理

初中英语主谓一致是英语学习的重点,同时也是历年中考英语的重要考点。在英语中,句子的主语和谓语动词要保持数上的一致关系,叫主谓一致。

一、语法一致原则

语法一致原则即句子的主语是单数形式,谓语动词要用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式。如: The table has four legs. My parents are teachers.

(1)动词不定式、动名词、不可数名词做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如: Climbing hills is of great help to health .

(2) 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything , nobody, no one, nothing等,代词either, neither, another, the other等做主语时,以及限定词each , every等后接名词做主语时,谓语动词用单数。如: Lucy , someone is waiting for you at the gate . Is everyone here?

(3)由some (of), plenty of, a lot of, lots of, most (of), the rest (of), all (of), half (of), “分数或百分数+of+名词”等短语做主语时,谓语动词要与后面的名词保持一致。如果所修饰的是可数名词的复数,则谓语动词用复数形式;如果是单数或不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式。如: Most of her time is spent in exercising. About 5 percent of the students are absent today.

(4) “a number of +名词复数” 做主语时,谓语动词用复数形式; “the number of +名词复数” 做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如: (2010 深圳) ——The number of the students in our class is fifty-six.——How many of them are girls.

(5) 用one, every one, each one, either, neither等+of+名词复数做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如: (2011 衢州) One of my friends has moved to America. I miss her so much.

(6) none 做主语指代不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式;指代可数名词时,谓语动词可用单数或复数形式。如: —— Is there any tea in cup? —— No, there is none.

(7) 名词性物主代词mine,yours,his,hers,its, ours,theirs等做主语时,谓语动词的数取决于该动词后面名词的数,动词后面的名词是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;动词后面名词为复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式。如: His is a new bike. Ours are old bikes.

二、意义一致原则

意义一致原则即谓语动词该用单数还是复数取决于主语所表达的内容在含义是单数意义还是复数意义。如: The Chinese are hard-working.

(1) 表示时间、距离、价格、重量、数目、数学运算等的词或短语做主语时,表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式。如: Three years is short time.

(2) 由and ,both…and…连接的两个名词或代词做主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。但是如果and所连接的并列主语指同一个人或事物时,谓语动词用单数形式。如: The painter and the writer have come to our school. The painter and writer has come to our school .

(3)“the+形容词”表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式,表示抽象概念或事物时,谓语动词用单数形式。如: The old are looked after well in our country.

(4) people, police, youth 等集体名词做主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。但family, class, group, team, 等集体名词做主语时,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式;若指具体成员时,谓语动词用复数形式。如: My family all like watching TV.

(5) 有些以s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义,谓语动词仍用单数形式,如news, physics, politics 等。如: (2011 德阳) ——Physics is more difficult than Chinese, do you think so? ——Yes, I think so.

三、就远原则

就远原则即谓语动词数由前面的主语决定。当主语部分含有with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, except, but, like 等介词或介词短语时,谓语动词数由前面的主语决定。如: The student with his parents is at home.

四、就近原则

就近原则即连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词跟它靠近的主语一致。在there be…句型中以及由neither…nor… , either …or… , not only…but also… , not …but…等连词连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词跟它靠近的主语一致。如: Neither you nor she likes watching TV. There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil-box.

直击中考

选择题

1. (2008 泸州中考) My nameLucy. May I know your name?

A. am B. is C. are

【解析】选B。my name做主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。

2. (2008 漳州中考)——Whats on the table?

——some bread on it.

A. There isB. There are C. We are D. They are

【解析】选A。考查there be——结构的主谓一致。题中的some bread是不可数名词,做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。故选A。

3. (2009 河北中考) The news very interesting! Tell me more!

A. is B. are C. wereD. was

【解析】选A。news意为“新闻”,是不可数名词,做主语时谓语动词要单数形式,先排除B、C二项;另结合后句“Tell me more!”可知这里要用一般现在时,故舍D选A。

4. (2009 德州中考) Either Eve or Herb been invited by Lucys parents already.

A. have B. has C. was D. were

【解析】选B。either … or …连接主语时,谓语动词与or后面的名词或代词保持一致。由关键词Herb可知用谓语动词单数形式,先排除A、D二项;另由been invited可知这里是现在完成时的被动语态,故舍D选B。

5. (2009 深圳中考) -Which would you like, tea or coffee?

-Either OK, but I prefer coffee milk.

A. is; has B. are; withC. is; with D. are; has

【解析】选C。either是不定代词,做主语时谓语动词要用单数形式,先排除B、D;另结合题中的谓语动词prefer可舍A选C。

6. (2009 宿迁中考) –What the number of the students in your school?

–About two thousand. A number of them from England.

A. is; are B. is; is C. are; isD. are; are

【解析】选A。the number of…意为“……的数量”, 做主语时谓语动词用单数形式;而a number of意为“许多”,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。由关键信息the number of和a number of可知第一个空用单数,第二个空用复数,故正确答案为A。

7. (2009 广东中考) Everyone except Tom and John seen the film.

A. is B. has C. are D. have

【解析】选B。everyone在句中做主语,而except Tom and John是介词短语,作everyone的后置定语,所以谓语动词要用单数形式,先排除C、D二项;另结合关键词seen可知这里是现在完成时,故舍A选B。

8. (2010 甘肃) I think of the materials I listened to at the beginning of the exam easy.

A. three fourths; is B. third four; are C. three fourths; are D. third four; are

【解析】选C。使用分数时, 分子用基数词, 分母用序数词,分子大于一,分母加s,同时谓语动词的数取决于前面的主语。故选C。

9. (2010 广东) Robert with his two kids to the beach for vacation every year.

A. goB. goes C. went D. are going

【解析】选B。主语部分有with his two kids 谓语动词的数由前面的主语决定(即就远原则)。故选B。

10. (2012 绵羊) I began watching here an hour ago, but now nothing yet.

A. happens B. will happen C. happened D. has happened

【解析】选D。从yet看出用完成时, nothing做主语谓语动词用单数。故选D。

总之,我们平时要善于将学过的知识点、考点进行分类归纳梳理,对学好英语有好大帮助。

参考文献:

[1]新课标中考宝典:广东专用版. 英语/《新课标中考宝典》编写组编.主编:余祖正—— 广州:世界图书出版广东有限公司,2012.10

[2]广东中考全程总复习. 英语/魏春红,谢燕玫主编.—— 西安:陕西师范大学出版总社有限公司,2012.9(粤考王)

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