沉默人胰腺癌细胞S100A4基因表达对肿瘤相关基因mRNA表达的影响
2013-10-19李鹏刘江伟韩振魁朱淑萍张琼
李鹏 刘江伟 韩振魁 朱淑萍 张琼
·论著·
沉默人胰腺癌细胞S100A4基因表达对肿瘤相关基因mRNA表达的影响
李鹏 刘江伟 韩振魁 朱淑萍 张琼
目的观察沉默S100A4基因表达对人胰腺癌BxPC-3、AsPC-1细胞肿瘤相关基因COX-2、bcl-2、Surviving、MMP-9 mRNA表达的影响,探讨它们之间的关系。方法应用靶向S100A4的小干扰RNA(siRNA)转染人胰腺癌BxPC-3、AsPC-1细胞,应用无同源性的siRNA-C转染细胞作为阴性对照,以未转染细胞作为对照组。采用RT-PCR检测干扰后细胞S100A4、COX-2、Survivin、MMP-9、bcl-2 mRNA的表达。结果人胰腺癌BxPC-3细胞的对照组、siRNA-C组、siRNA-S100A4组的S100A mRNA表达量分别为0.661±0.023、0.659±0.043、0.379±0.039;COX-2 mRNA表达量分别为0.760±0.026、0.830±0.017、0.443±0.006;Survivin mRNA表达量分别为0.948±0.049、0.909±0.081、0.068±0.006;bcl-2 mRNA表达量分别为0.462±0.018、0.421±0.049、0.184±0.025;MMP-9 mRNA表达量分别为0.813±0.008、0.908±0.063、0.246±0.027。AsPC-1细胞的对照组、siRNA-C组、siRNA-S100A4组的S100A4 mRNA表达量分别为0.641±0.042、0.626±0.053、0.320±0.081;COX-2 mRNA表达量分别为0.727±0.021、0.743±0.025、0.560±0.035;Survivin mRNA表达量分别为0.994±0.032、0.984±0.049、0.063±0.005;bcl-2 mRNA表达量分别为0.458±0.004、0.537±0.046、0.181±0.007;MMP-9 mRNA表达量分别为0.698±0.011、0.718±0.073、0.199±0.013。2株细胞的siRNA-S100A4组的S100A、COX-2、Survivin、bcl-2、MMP-9 mRNA表达量均较其相应的siRNA-C组及对照组显著减少(P值均<0.01),而siRNA-C组与对照组间的表达量差异无统计学意义。结论S100A4通过上调COX-2、Survivin、bcl-2、MMP-9基因的表达在胰腺癌发生、发展中发挥作用。
胰腺肿瘤; RNA,小分子干扰; 癌基因; S100A4; COX-2; Survivin; MMP-9; bcl-2
胰腺癌发生、发展过程是多种基因联合作用的结果。S100A4是S100钙结合蛋白家族的成员,参与细胞增殖、凋亡、信号转导、细胞黏附、胞外基质重建、细胞运动等多种生命活动。近年来研究发现S100A4在胰腺癌细胞中过表达,与胰腺癌的发生、侵袭、转移和预后密切相关[1]。COX-2、Survivin、bcl-2、MMP-9在多种肿瘤细胞中均有不同程度的表达,在胰腺癌组织中也有表达。本研究应用靶向S100A4的小干扰RNA(siRNA)沉默胰腺癌细胞S100A4的表达,观察干扰后细胞COX-2、Survivin、bcl-2、MMP-9表达的变化,探讨S100A4的作用机制。
材料与方法
一、细胞培养及分组
人胰腺癌细胞株BxPC-3、AsPC-1购自中科院上海细胞库,常规培养、传代。取对数生长期的细胞,以5×103个密度接种于6孔板,分为对照组、靶向S100A4的siRNA转染组(siRNA-S100A4组)和无同源siRNA转染组(siRNA-C组)。siRNA-S100A4序列上游5′-GUGGACUUCCAAGAGUACUdTdT-3′,下游5′-AGUACUCUUGGAAGUCCACdTdT-3′;siRNA-C上游5′-UUCUCCGAACGUGUCACGUTT-3′,下游5′-ACGUGACACGUUCGGAGAATT-3′,均由Sigma公司设计并合成。采用DharmaFECT转染试剂(Dharmacon公司)分别将siRNA-S100A4、siRNA-C转染细胞,按说明书操作。未转染的细胞作为对照组。
二、细胞S100A4、COX-2、Survivin、bcl-2、MMP-9 mRNA表达的检测
收集各组培养48 h的细胞,采用Trizol(Invitrogen公司)抽提细胞总RNA。采用RT-PCR方法检测S100A4、COX-2、Survivin、bcl-2、MMP-9 mRNA的表达。引物序列:S100A4(320 bp)上游5′-ATCCCGTGCCCTCTGGAGAA-3′,下游5′-TCATTTCTTCCTGGGCTGCT-3′;COX-2(440 bp)上游 5′-TCCAGATCACATTTGATTGACAG-3′,下游5′-TGTGGGAGGATACATCTCTCC-3′;Survivin(439 bp)上游5′-GGCATGGGTGCCCCGACGTT-3′,下游5′-AGAGGCCTCAATCCATGGCA-3′;MMP-9(400 bp)上游5′-CAACATCACCTATTGGATCC-3′,下游5′-CTGTAGAGTCTCTCGCT-3′;bcl-2(318 bp)上游5′-CGACGACTTCTCCCGCCGCTACCGC-3′,下游5′-CCGCATGCTGGGGCCGTACAGTTCC-3′;内参β-actin(233 bp)上游5′-GGACTTCGAGCAGGAGATGG-3′,下游5′-GCACCGTGTTGGCGTAGAGG-3′。引物均由上海生工生物技术有限公司合成。RT-PCR试剂盒购自TaKaRa公司。反转录体系:5×PrimeScript Buffer 5 μl,PrimeScript Enzyme MixⅠ 1.25 μl,Oligo dT primer 1.25 μl,Random 6 mers 5 μl,RNA 500/检测浓度,dd H2O(无RNase)加至25 μl。PCR反应体系:TaKaRa Ex Taq 0.125 μl,10×Ex Taq Buffer 2.5 μl,Mgcl20.5,d NTP MIX 2 μl,cDNA 1 μl,Primer forward 1 μl,Primer reverse 1 μl,dd H2O加至25 μl。PCR扩增条件:94℃ 5 min,94℃ 30 s、58.1℃ 30 s、72℃ 1 min,35个循环,72℃ 5 min。扩增产物经电泳分离、凝胶成像后Quantity One软件行灰度扫描。以目的条带与内参条带灰度值比值表示mRNA相对表达量。实验重复3次,取均值。
三、统计学处理
结 果
一、siRNA-S100A4转染对人胰腺癌BxPC-3、AsPC-1细胞S100A4 mRNA表达的抑制效率
人胰腺癌BxPC-3细胞对照组、siRNA-C组、siRNA-S100A4组的S100A4 mRNA表达量分别为0.661±0.023、0.659±0.043、0.379±0.039;AsPC-1细胞对照组、siRNA-C组、siRNA-S100A4组的S100A4 mRNA表达量分别为0.641±0.042、0.626±0.053、0.320±0.081。2株细胞siRNA-S100A4组的S100A mRNA表达均较其相应的对照组及siRNA-C组的表达显著减少(t值分别为21.564、30.602、10.403、9.216,P值均<0.01,图1),而siRNA-C组与对照组的差异无统计学意义。
图1BxPC-3细胞对照组(1)、siRNA-c组(2)、siRNA-S100A4组(3)及AsPC-1细胞对照组(4)、siRNA-c组(5)、siRNA-S100A4组(6)的S100A4 mRNA表达
二、S100A4基因沉默对人胰腺癌细胞COX-2 mRNA表达的影响
人胰腺癌BxPC-3细胞对照组、siRNA-C组、siRNA-S100A4组的COX-2 mRNA表达量分别为0.760±0.026、0.830±0.017、0.443±0.006;AsPC-1细胞对照组、siRNA-C组、siRNA-S100A4组的COX-2 mRNA表达量分别为0.727±0.021、0.743±0.025、0.560±0.035。2株细胞的siRNA-S100A4组的COX mRNA表达均较其相应的对照组及siRNA-C组的表达显著减少(t值分别为20.254、36.682、7.143、7.416,P值均<0.01,图2),而siRNA-C组与对照组的差异无统计学意义。
三、S100A4基因沉默对人胰腺癌细胞Survivin mRNA表达的影响
人胰腺癌BxPC-3细胞对照组、siRNA-C组、siRNA-S100A4组Survivin mRNA的表达量分别为0.948±0.049、0.909±0.081、0.068±0.006;AsPC-1细胞对照组、siRNA-C组、siRNA-S100A4组Survivin mRNA的表达量分别为0.994±0.032、0.984±0.049、0.063±0.005。2株细胞的siRNA-S100A4组的Survinin mRNA表达均较其相应的对照组及siRNA-C组的表达显著减少(t值分别为30.991、17.971、49.848、32.578,P值均<0.01,图2),而siRNA-C组与对照组的差异无统计学意义。
四、S100A4基因沉默对人胰腺癌细胞bcl-2 mRNA表达的影响
人胰腺癌BxPC-3细胞对照组、siRNA-C组、siRNA-S100A4组的bcl-2 mRNA表达量分别为0.462±0.018、0.421±0.049、0.184±0.025;AsPC-1细胞对照组、siRNA-C组、siRNA-S100A4组的bcl-2 mRNA表达量分别为0.458±0.004、0.537±0.046、0.181±0.007。2株细胞的siRNA-S100A4组的bcl-2 mRNA表达均较其相应的对照组及siRNA-C组的表达显著减少(t值分别为15.653、7.457、60.154、13.269,P值均<0.01,图2),而siRNA-C组与对照组的差异无统计学意义。
五、S100A4基因沉默对人胰腺癌细胞MMP-9 mRNA表达的影响
人胰腺癌BxPC-3细胞对照组、siRNA-C组、siRNA-S100A4组的MMP-9 mRNA表达量分别为0.813±0.008、0.908±0.063、0.246±0.027;AsPC-1细胞对照组、siRNA-C组、siRNA-S100A4组的MMP-9 mRNA表达量分别为0.698±0.011、0.718±0.073、0.199±0.013。2株细胞的siRNA-S100A4组的MMP-9 mRNA表达均较其相应的对照组及siRNA-C组的表达显著减少(t值分别为35.859、14.831、49.848、12.018,P值均<0.01,图2),而siRNA-C组与对照组的差异无统计学意义。
图2BxPC-3细胞对照组(1)、siRNA-c组(2)、siRNA-S100A4组(3)及AsPC-1细胞对照组(4)、siRNA-c组(5)、siRNA-S100A4组(6)的COX-2、Survivin、bcl-2、MMP-9 mRNA表达
讨 论
Shi等[2]通过小发夹RNA沉默人甲状腺癌细胞株S100A4基因的表达,结果细胞生长被明显抑制,细胞阻滞在G2/M期,提示抑制S100A4的表达可能是治疗肿瘤的潜在靶点。Hua等[3]运用RNA干扰技术沉默胃癌BGC823细胞S100A4的表达,结果细胞的增殖被抑制,细胞凋亡增加。在裸鼠瘤内注射靶向S100A4的shRNA可明显抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、侵袭及转移。近年来研究发现S100A4在胰腺癌细胞中过表达[1],与胰腺癌的发生、侵袭、转移和预后密切相关,极有可能成为基因治疗的有效靶点。
COX-2在人胰腺癌组织中呈现高表达[4]。研究证实[1],COX-2与胰腺癌患者预后有关,是判断胰腺癌患者预后的重要因子。Zhong等[5]应用siRNA干扰COX-2基因表达可抑制胰腺癌细胞增殖,增加细胞凋亡。荷瘤裸鼠的体内实验也证实COX-2基因沉默后肿瘤生长受到抑制。Takahashi等[6]研究证明,稳定的COX-2表达并伴随PGE2的增加能促进贴壁细胞的生长。Bergmann等[7]报道,COX-2在胰腺癌中的表达率为93%。
Bcl-2家族是细胞凋亡通路中关键的调节者。Wang等[8]报道,抑制bcl-2的表达可抑制细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡。在胰腺癌组织中bcl-2及其家族高表达[9]。
Survivin,又名存活素,是凋亡抑制家族的新成员,在很多肿瘤中高表达,包括肺癌、直肠癌、胰腺癌、前列腺癌及乳腺癌。Satoh等[10]报道,胰腺导管癌Survivin表达率为76.9%,Survivin的表达增加伴随细胞凋亡指数的下降。Sarela等[11]报道,胰腺癌Survivin高表达与细胞增殖和凋亡相关。Yang等[12]认为 Survivin表达的增加与胰腺导管癌进展有关。我们前期的临床研究证实,胰腺癌Survivin的表达与临床分期及淋巴结转移相关。
MMP-9在很多肿瘤中表达上调,如食管癌、乳腺癌、胃癌、胰腺癌。Giannopoulos等[13]报道,胰腺癌中MMP-2、MMP-9均高表达。Im等[14]应用MMPs抑制剂抑制MMP-2、MMP-9的表达,可减少肺癌细胞的转移。Shin等[15]报道,降低MMP-9的活性可抑制前列腺癌细胞发生远处转移,而打破MMPs/TIMPs的平衡可激活MMP-9,促使肿瘤细胞发生浸润和转移。
本研究结果显示,S100A4基因表达被抑制后,胰腺癌BxPC-3、AsPC-1细胞COX-2、bcl-2、Survivin、MMP-9的表达均下调,提示COX-2、bcl-2、Survivin、MMP-9均可能是S100A4的下游基因,但其具体机制仍需要进一步探究。
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EffectofS100A4silencingontumorrelatedgenemRNAexpression
LIPeng,LIUJiang-wei,HANZhen-kui,ZHUShu-ping,ZHANGQiong.
DepartmentofGastrointestinalSurgery,People′sHospitalofXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegion,Urumqi830001,China
Correspondingauthor:LIUJiang-wei,Email:ljw273@sohu.com
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of S100A4 silencing on tumor related gene COX-2, bcl-2, Surviving, MMP-9 mRNA expressions of pancreatic cancer BxPC-3, AsPC-1 cells, and explore their relationship.MethodsSmall interfering RNA interfering S100A4 gene (siRNA-S100A4) was applied to transfect human pancreatic cancer BxPC-3, AsPC-1 cells, and nonhomologous siRNA-C was used as negative control, and cells without transfection were used as control group. The expressions of S100A4, COX-2, Survivin, MMP-9, bcl-2 mRNA after interference were detected by using RT-PCR.ResultsS100A mRNA expressions of BxPC-3′s control group, siRNA-C group, siRNA-S100A4 group were 0.661±0.023, 0.659±0.043, 0.379±0.039, and expressions of COX-2 mRNA were 0.760±0.026, 0.830±0.017, 0.443±0.006, and expressions of Survivin mRNA were 0.948±0.049, 0.909±0.081, 0.068±0.006, and expressions of bcl-2 mRNA were 0.462±0.018, 0.421±0.049, 0.184±0.025, and expressions of MMP-9 mRNA were 0.813±0.008, 0.908±0.063, 0.246±0.027. S100A mRNA expressions of AsPC-1′s control group, siRNA-C group, siRNA-S100A4 group were 0.641±0.042, 0.626±0.053, 0.320±0.081, and expressions of COX-2 mRNA were 0.727±0.021, 0.743±0.025, 0.560±0.035, and expressions of Survivin mRNA were 0.994±0.032, 0.984±0.049, 0.063±0.005, and expressions of bcl-2 mRNA were 0.458±0.004, 0.537±0.046, 0.181±0.007; and expressions of MMP-9 mRNA were 0.698±0.011, 0.718±0.073, 0.199±0.013. The expressions of S100A, COX-2, Survivin, bcl-2, MMP-9 mRNA in groups with siRNA-S100A4 transfection were significantly lower than those of siRNA-C group and control group (P<0.01), but the difference between siRNA-C group and control group was not statistically significant.ConclusionsS100A4 plays a role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer through up-regulation of COX-2, Survivin, bcl-2, MMP-9 expressions.
Pancreatic neoplasms; RNA, small interfering; Oncogenes; S100A4; COX-2; Survivin; MMP-9; bcl-2
2013-03-06)
(本文编辑:屠振兴)
10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1935.2013.04.006
中国博士后基金面上资助(20100481517)
830001 新疆乌鲁木齐,新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院胃肠外科(李鹏、韩振魁);兰州军区乌鲁木齐总医院肝胆外科(刘江伟),美容科(朱淑萍),院长办公室(张琼)
刘江伟,Email: ljw273@sohu.com