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瑞香狼毒化学成分研究

2012-02-15杨彩霞王芳平苏小龙

天然产物研究与开发 2012年10期
关键词:镁粉瑞香狼毒

杨彩霞,魏 彬,王芳平,苏小龙

西北师范大学化学化工学院,兰州730070

瑞香狼毒化学成分研究

杨彩霞*,魏 彬,王芳平,苏小龙

西北师范大学化学化工学院,兰州730070

从瑞香狼毒95%乙醇提取物中分离得到了17个化合物,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定为4'-甲氧基-7-羟基黄酮(1),山奈酚(2),5,4'-二羟基-7-甲氧基二氢黄酮(3),4',5,7-三羟基黄烷酮(4),3,5,7-三羟基黄烷酮(5),山奈酚-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6),α-香树酯醇(7),(24R)-5α-豆甾-7,22(E)-二烯-3α-醇(8),狼毒色原酮(9),伞形花内酯(10),东莨菪素(11),异东莨菪素(12),狼毒素(13),瑞香内酯(14),异茴芹香豆素(15),β-谷甾醇(16),瑞香素乙(17)和β-胡萝卜甙(18)。其中化合物1-8为首次从该植物中分离得到。

瑞香科;瑞香狼毒;黄酮;香豆素,化学成分

瑞香狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme L.)为瑞香科(Thymelaeaceae)狼毒属植物,又名:断肠草、打碗花、山丹花、闷头花、一把香。在我国主要分布于西北、东北、华北、西北、西南及江西、河南等地。《中药大辞典》记载瑞香狼毒具有逐水祛痰、破积杀虫等功效[1]。瑞香狼毒还具有抗HIV病毒、抑菌和抗癌作用[2]。国内外研究表明,瑞香狼毒的主要化学成分有黄酮类、香豆素类、二萜类、木脂素及苯丙烯醇苷类[3-5]等。本文报道了从甘肃会宁产的瑞香狼毒根的乙醇提取物中分离鉴定的18个化合物,其中,化合物1-8首次从该植物中分离得到。

1 实验部分

1.1 仪器与材料

Kofler微量熔点仪(温度计未校正);IR谱由Perkin-Elemr-544型红外光谱仪测定(KBr压片); NMR谱用Bruker AM-400超导核磁共振仪(TMS为内标);EI MS由HP 5988A GC/MS质谱仪测定;比旋光([а]D)由日产JASCO J-20自动记录仪测定;柱层析用硅胶(100-200目,200-300目)及薄层硅胶H和硅胶GF254均购自青岛海洋化工厂;其他试剂均为分析纯。

植物材料于2008年8月采自甘肃省会宁县,由西北师范大学生命科学院陈学林教授鉴定为瑞香狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme L.)的根,植物标本(No.200807)保存于西北师范大学化学化工学院天然有机化学实验室。

1.2 提取与分离

取干燥后的瑞香狼毒根5 kg,粉碎后用重蒸工业乙醇(95%)在室温下浸泡提取,合并提取液减压浓缩得总浸膏670 g。总浸膏用适量水溶解后,依次用石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇各萃取三次,回收溶剂分别得到石油醚部位71.3 g、氯仿部位25.5 g、乙酸乙酯部位125 g和正丁醇部位54 g。取乙酸乙酯部位(125 g),经硅胶柱层析,氯仿-乙酸乙酯(50∶1~1∶1)梯度洗脱,TLC薄层检测合并相同部分得18个馏分(Fr.1~Fr.18)。Fr.2(7.1g)经硅胶柱层析,石油醚-氯仿(20∶1~1∶0)梯度洗脱,经重结晶纯化后得化合物1(3.5 mg)。Fr.3(15.8 g)经硅胶柱层析,石油醚-氯仿(30∶1~1∶1)梯度洗脱,得2(16.8 mg)和7(5.9 mg)。Fr.5(16.5 g)经硅胶柱层析,氯仿-乙酸乙酯(30∶1~1∶1)梯度洗脱,得3(39.8 mg)和8(15.3 mg)。Fr.14(10.7g)经硅胶柱层析,氯仿-丙酮(20∶1~1∶1)梯度洗脱,得5 (12.1 mg)。Fr.17(24.3 g)经硅胶柱层析,氯仿-甲醇(50∶1~1∶1)梯度洗脱,得4(14.4 mg)和6 (13.7 mg)。取氯仿部位(25.5 g)经硅胶柱层析,石油醚-氯仿(50∶1~1∶1)梯度洗脱,得六个馏分(Fr.a-f)。Fr.b(3.9 g)经硅胶柱层析,石油醚-氯仿(20∶1)洗脱,得10(5.2 mg),14(20 mg)和18(9.6 mg)。Fr.c(7.5 g)经硅胶柱层析,石油醚-氯仿(20∶1)洗脱,得9(15.5 mg)和11(3.5 mg)。Fr.d(5.0 g)经硅胶柱层析,氯仿-甲醇(30∶1)洗脱,得12 (15.5 mg)和13(3.5 mg)。取正丁醇部位(54 g)经硅胶柱层析,氯仿-甲醇(100∶1~20∶1)梯度洗脱,得15(13.6 mg,100∶1),16(18.5 mg,80∶1)和17 (10.4 mg,50∶1)。

2 结构鉴定

化合物1 无色针状晶体或片状晶体(氯仿),分子式C16H8O4,分子量268,mp.263~265℃,3%硫酸-乙醇溶液显色为橙色,盐酸-镁粉反应阳性。EI MS m/z(%):264[M]+(100),132(65),117 (16);IRcm-1:3465(-OH),1717(C=O);1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400 MHz)δ:10.32(1H,s,7-OH),8.02(2H,d,J=8.8 Hz,2'、6'-H),7.69(2H,d,J =8.8 Hz,3',5'-H),7.18(1H,d,J=9.6 Hz,6-H),7.85(1H,d,J=9.6 Hz,5-H),6.85(1H,s,3-H),6.36(1H,s,8-H),3.80(3H,s,4'-OCH3);13C NMR(DMSO-d6,100 MHz)δ:161.9(C-2),105.2 (C-3),176.4(C-4),126.5(C-5),114.6(C-6),162.7(C-7),102.6(C-8),157.5(C-9),116.2(C-10),123.5(C-1'),127.9(C-2'),114.5(C-3'),162.1(C-4'),114.5(C-5'),127.9(C-6'),57.6(-OCH3)。以上波谱数据与参考文献[6]一致,故确定化合物1为4'-甲氧基-7-羟基黄酮。

化合物2 黄色针状结晶(氯仿),分子式C15H10O6,分子量286,mp.264~267℃,254 nm紫外灯下有黄色荧光,3%硫酸-乙醇溶液显色为橙色,盐酸-镁粉反应阳性。1H NMR(Acetone-d6,400 MHz)δ:5.94(1H,s,H-6),5.96(1H,s,H-8),6.97 (2H,d,J=8.8 Hz,H-3'和H-5'),7.25(2H,d,J =8.8 Hz,H-2'和 H-6'),9.20(3H,br s,3×Ar-OH),11.89(1 H,s,5-OH);13C NMR(Acetone-d6,100 MHz)δ:146.2(C-2),135.9(C-3),176.1(C-4),156.0(C-5),98.7(C-6),164.2(C-7),93.4(C-8),161.5(C-9),103.0(C-10),122.5(C-1'),127.9 (C-2'),115.9(C-3'),159.0(C-4'),116.1(C-5'),130.1(C-6')。以上波谱数据与文献报道的山奈酚的数据[7]相一致,故鉴定化合物2为山奈酚。

化合物3 黄色粉末(氯仿),分子式C16H14O5,分子量286,mp.300~303℃,紫外灯下有荧光,盐酸-镁粉反应阳性。1H NMR(Acetone-d6,400 MHz) δ:11.61(1H,s,5-OH),9.75(1H,s,4'-OH),7.11 (2H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-2',6'),6.84(2H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-3',5'),5.96(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-8),5.83 (1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-6),5.65(1H,dd,J=12.8,2.6 Hz,H-2),3.25(1H,dd,J=16.4,12.8 Hz,H-3α),3.01(1H,dd,J=16.4,2.6 Hz,H-3β),3.86 (3H,s,7-OCH3);13C NMR(Acetone-d6,100 MHz) δ:80.8(C-2),47.0(C-3),196.6(C-4),164.6(C-5),96.2(C-6),167.0(C-7),95.1(C-8),163.6(C-9),103.1(C-10),128.7(C-1'),127.7(C-2'),114.2 (C-3'),159.8(C-4'),114.2(C-5'),127.7(C-6'),55.2(7-OCH3)。以上光谱数据与文献[8]报道的5,4'-二羟基-7-甲氧基二氢黄酮的相一致。

化合物4 黄色晶体(氯仿),分子式C15H12O5,分子量 272,mp.244~248℃,[α-21°(c 0.5,CH3OH)。254 nm紫外灯下有荧光,3%硫酸-乙醇溶液显色为黄色,盐酸-镁粉反应阳性。EI MS m/z: 272[M]+。1H NMR(Acetone-d6,400 MHz)δ:2.05 (1H,dd,J=16.8,3.0 Hz,H-3β),3.23(1H,dd,J =16.8,12.9 Hz,H-3α),5.47(1H,dd,J=12.9,3.0 Hz,H-2),5.81(H,s,H-8),5.93(H,s,H-6),6.79(2H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-3',5'),7.08(2H,d,J =8.4Hz,H-2',6'),11.63(1H,s,5-OH),9.30(1H,s,7-OH),8.72(1H,s,4'-OH);13C NMR(Acetoned6,100 MHz):81.0(C-2),47.1(C-3),196.8(C-4),164.6(C-5),96.1(C-6),167.1(C-7),95.1(C-8),163.6(C-9),103.0(C-10),127.6(C-1'),127.9(C-2',C-6'),115.7(C-3',C-5'),157.6(C-4')。以上波谱数据与参考文献[9]的4',5,7-三羟基黄烷酮的一致,又名二氢芹菜素。

化合物5 淡黄色针状晶体(丙酮),分子式C15H12O5,分子量272,mp.254~256℃,254 nm紫外灯下有荧光,3%硫酸-乙醇溶液显色为黄色,盐酸-镁粉反应阳性。1H NMR(Acetone-d6,400 MHz)δ:3.23 (1H,dd,J=16.8 Hz,12.9 Hz,H-3),5.47(1H,dd,J=12.9 Hz,3 Hz,H-2),5.81(H,s,H-8),5.93(H,s,H-6),6.76~7.16(5H,m,H-2',3',4',5',6'),11.60(1H,s,5-OH),9.65(1H,s,7-OH),8.52(1H,s,3-OH);13C NMR(Acetone-d6,100 MHz)δ:80.9 (C-2),46.9(C-3),196.7(C-4),164.7(C-5),96.2 (C-6),166.9(C-7),95.1(C-8),157.6(C-9),103.1 (C-10),128.8(C-1'),127.9(C-2',3',4',5',6')。以上波谱数据与参考文献[10]的3,5,7-三羟基黄烷酮一致。

化合物6 黄色针状结晶(甲醇),分子式C23H24O10,分子量460,mp.267~268℃,254 nm紫外灯下有荧光,3%硫酸-乙醇溶液显黄色,盐酸-镁粉反应和Molish反应均阳性,说明该化合物为黄酮苷类化合物。IRcm-1:3415(-OH),1660(C=O), 1488,1360,1287,1180,1069,1010,971,835;1H NMR(Acetone-d6,400 MHz)δ:12.59(1H,s,OH-5),10.12(1H,s,OH-4'),9.53(1H,s,OH-3),8.10 (2H,d,J=9.0Hz,H-2',6'),6.90(2H,d,J=9.0 Hz,H-3',5'),6.90(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-8),6.40 (1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-6),5.48(1H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-1″),4.84~3.10(m,H-glc);13C NMR(Acetone-d6,100 MHz)δ:147.9(C-2),136.1(C-3),176.2(C-4),160.7(C-5),99.3(C-6),162.9(C-7),94.8(C-8),156.3(C-9),105.1(C-10),121.9(C-1'),130.1(C-2',6'),115.8(C-3',5'),160.0(C-4'),100.5(C-1″),77.5-60.0(C-2″-6″)。以上数据与文献[11]基本一致,故化合物6确定为山奈酚-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷。

化合物7 无色粉末(氯仿),mp.184~185℃,分子式C30H50O,分子量426,3%硫酸-乙醇溶液显红色,Liebermawn-Burchard反应呈阳性,提示该化合物为三萜类化合物。EI MS m/z:426[M]+,411[MCH3]+,393[M-CH3-H2O]+;1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.18(1H,br s,J=4.5 Hz,H-12),3.71 (1H,m,H-3),1.01(3H,s),0.97(3H,s),0.96(3H,s),0.86(3H,s),0.82(3H,s),1.06(3H,d,J=4.0 Hz),1.01(3H,d,J=4.0 Hz);13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:38.8(C-1),27.3(C-2),29.2(C-3), 38.1(C-4),55.0(C-5),18.3(C-6),33.0(C-7),40.0(C-8),47.7(C-9),36.9(C-10),23.0(C-11),124.4(C-12),139.5(C-13),42.1(C-14),28.8(C-15),26.3(C-16),33.7(C-17),59.0(C-18),39.6 (C-19),39.8(C-20),31.2(C-21),41.5(C-22),28.1(C-23),15.6(C-24),5.9(C-25),16.8(C-26),23.4(C-27),28.3(C-28),17.5(C-29),21.4(C-30)。以上数据波谱数据与文献报道[12]化合物进行比较,结果一致,确定为α-香树酯醇。

化合物8 无色针晶(丙酮),分子式C29H48O,分子量412,mp.149~150℃,[α:+16.2°(c 0.3,CHCl3);3%硫酸-乙醇溶液显紫红色;EI MS m/ z(%):412([M]+,16),397(9),271(72),255 (34),83(70),81(100);1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz) δ:5.20(1H,dd,J=8.7,15.0 Hz 22-H),5.15(1H,dd,J=15.0,7.5 Hz 23-H),5.06(1H,m,7-H),3.59(1H,m,3-H),1.05(3H,d,J=7.5 Hz,21-H),0.86(3H,s,19-H),0.83(3H,d,J=7.5 Hz,27-H),0.81(3H,t,J=7.8 Hz,29-H),0.80(3H,d,J =7.5 Hz,26-H),0.54(3H,s,18-H);13C NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:37.9(C-1,CH2),28.5(C-2,CH2),71.0(C-3,CH),34.2(C-4,CH2),40.8(C-5,CH),31.4(C-6,CH2),117.4(C-7,CH),139.6(C-8,C),49.4(C-9,CH),37.1(C-10,C),21.5(C-11,CH2),39.4(C-12,CH2),43.2(C-13,C),55.1(C-14,CH),23.0(C-15,CH2),29.6(C-16,CH2),55.8 (C-17,CH),12.0(C-18,CH3),13.0(C-19,CH3),40.2(C-20,CH),21.1(C-21,CH3),138.2(d,C-22,CH),129.4(C-23,CH),51.2(C-24,CH),31.9(C-25,CH),19.0(C-26,CH3),21.5(C-27,CH3),25.4 (C-28,CH2),12.2(C-29,CH3)。以上波谱数据与文献[13]报道的(24R)-5α-豆甾-7,22(E)-二烯-3α-醇的相一致。

化合物9~18通过文献和标样对照分别鉴定为:狼毒色原酮(9)[2],伞形花内酯(10)[14],东莨菪素(11)[14],异东莨菪素(12)[15],狼毒素(13)[16],瑞香内酯(14)[17],异茴芹香豆素(15)[18],β-谷甾醇(16)[14],瑞香素乙(17)[3]和β-胡萝卜甙(18)[14]。

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Flavonoids from the Roots of Stellera chamaejasme L.

YANG Cai-xia*,WEI Bing,WANG Fang-ping,SU Xiao-long
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China

Eighteen compounds were isolated from the 95%EtOH extracts of Stellera chamaejasme L.,and the structures of all compounds were elucidated by means of spectroscopic analysis and physical-chemical properties as 4'-methoxyl-7-hydroxyflavone(1),kaempferol(2),5,4'-dihydroxy-7-methoxylflavanone(3),4',5,7-trihydroxyflavanone(4),3,5,7-trihydroxy-flavanone(5),kaempferol-7-O-β-D-glucoside(6),α-amyrin(7),(24R)-stigmast-7,22(E)-dien-3α-ol(8),chamaechromone(9),umbelliferone(10),scopoletin(11),isoscopoletin(12),chamaejasmine(13),daphnetin(14),isopirapinellin(15),β-sitosterol(16),daphnodorin B(17)and β-duacosterol(18).Among the above compounds,1-8 were obtained from the plant for the first time.

Thymelaeaceae;Stellera linn;Stellera chamaejasme L;flavonoids;chemical constituents

1001-6880(2012)10-1374-04

2011-12-12 接受日期:2012-07-20

国家自然科学基金项目(21065010);西北师范大学青年教师基金(NWNU-QN-07-44);甘肃省自然科学基金(1010RJZA013)

*通讯作者 Tel:86-931-7971533;E-mail:jltycx@126.com

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