相思子化学成分研究
2012-02-15李良波温秀萍张平刚黄荣韶朱华结
李良波,温秀萍,何 翊,张平刚,黄荣韶*,朱华结
1广西大学农学院,南宁530004;2中国科学院昆明植物研究所植物化学与西部植物资源持续利用国家重点实验室,昆明650204
相思子化学成分研究
李良波1,2,温秀萍1,何 翊1,张平刚1,黄荣韶1*,朱华结2*
1广西大学农学院,南宁530004;2中国科学院昆明植物研究所植物化学与西部植物资源持续利用国家重点实验室,昆明650204
本研究从相思子种子的乙醇提取物中首次分离得到8个化合物,通过理化性质及光谱分析鉴定其结构为N-9-甲基-β-咔啉(1)、异喹啉酮(2)、吲哚-3-羧酸(3)、2,3-二甲氧基-5,7-二羟基-二氢黄酮(4)、3-羟甲基呋喃醛(5)、3-羟基-2-甲基-4-吡喃酮(6)、豆甾醇-4,22-二烯-3-酮(7)和(6E,6'E)-2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diylbis (octadec-6-enoate)(8)。同时还得到13个其他成分。
相思子;N-9-甲基-β-咔啉;异喹啉酮
相思子(Abrus precatorius L.)属豆科相思子属,别名红豆、相思豆等,我国主要分布于云南、广东、广西、台湾、福建等省区[1]。相思子为蒙古族、维吾尔族、藏族等少数民族的常用药,具有镇静安神、补气生精、杀虫止庠、清热解毒.凉血润肠功效[2]。种子所含蛋白有催产素样作用[3]。目前国内外报道从该属植物中分离到100多个化合物,主要为生物碱、黄酮、三萜和甾醇及其苷类化合物等[4-6]。我们对该植物的果实进行了化学成分研究,利用常规的分离手段从其乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了21个化合物,其中有8个是首次从本植物中分离得到。
1 仪器和材料
相思子果实购于昆明。VGA Autospec-3000型质谱仪;Bruker AM-400和DRX-500超导核磁共振仪,TMS(四甲基硅烷)为内标;薄层色谱和正相柱色谱硅胶(青岛海洋化工);Sephadex LH-20(Pharmacia公司);ODS(YMC和MERK公司);MCI树脂(三菱公司)。显色方法为254及365 nm荧光、10%硫酸乙醇溶液和硫酸香草醛处理后加热显色、硫酸铜丙酮显色及碘蒸气显色。
2 提取和分离
相思子果实200 kg,用95%乙醇加热回流提取浓缩得浸膏9000 g,浸膏用水分散,依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,减压浓缩得到石油醚、醋酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取物。石油醚、乙酸乙酯部分浸膏共2900 g,经硅胶(200~300目)柱色谱粗分,石油醚-丙酮(100∶5~1∶1)梯度洗脱及Sephadex LH-20纯化和重结晶得到化合物1(50 mg)、2(45 mg)、3 (100 mg)、4(20 mg)、5(35 mg)、6(15 mg)、7(70 mg)、8(100 mg)、11(10 g)、12(100 mg)、13(100 mg)和14(200 mg)。正丁醇部分浸膏共3330 g,经硅胶(200~300目)柱色谱粗分,氯仿-甲醇(100∶5~1∶1)梯度洗脱得到5个组分,组分1经硅胶柱色谱,Sephadex LH-20、RP-18反相柱色谱得到化合物15 (20 g)和16(200 mg);组分3用同样的方法反复柱层析得到化合物17(40 g)、18(5 g),19(100 g)、20(200 g)和21(500 mg)。水相部分经D101大孔树脂梯度洗脱(洗脱剂为乙醇:水 =0∶100,25∶75,50∶50,75∶75,90∶10,100∶0),分别收集浓缩。从水相部分经重结晶和RP-18反相硅胶柱层析得到化合物9(500 g)和10(1 g)。
3 结构鉴定
化合物1 淡黄色固体,C12H10N2,ESI+-MS m/ z:183[M+1]+;1H NMR(400 Hz,CD3OD)δ:9.00 (1H,s,H-4),8.39(1H,d,J=6.2 Hz,H-1),8.33 (1H,d,J=6.2 Hz,H-2),8.15(1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-10),7.68(1H,m,H-11),7.57(1H,d,J= 8.2 Hz,H-13),7.33(1H,m,H-12),4.44(3H,s,HCH3);13C NMR(100 MHz,CD3OD)δ:145.4(C-8),139.3(C-2),137.3(C-5),134.2(C-4),127.4 (C-6),124.4(C-7),121.9(C-11),121.9(C-13),120.1(d,C-12),114.7(d,C-1),110.1(d,C-10),36.3(s,C-CH3)。其波谱数据与文献报道N-9-甲基-β-咔啉[7]一致。
化合物2 白色固体,C9H7NO,FAB+-MS m/z: 146[M+1]+;1H NMR(400 MHz,CD3OD)δ:8.24 (1H,dd,J=8.7,0.9 Hz,H-8),7.97(1H,d,J= 7.3 Hz,H-3),7.70(1H,m,H-6),7.57(1H,d,J= 8.4 Hz,H-5),7.41(1H,m,H-7),6.34(1H,d,J= 7.3 Hz,H-4)。其波谱数据与文献报道异喹啉酮[8]一致。
化合物3 白色固体,C9H7NO2,FAB+-MS m/z: 144[M+1]+;1H NMR(400 MHz,CD3OD)δ: 11.30(1H,s,N-H),7.07(1H,m,H-6),7.94(1H,s,H-2),8.07(1H,d,H-4),7.47(1H,d,H-7),7.15 (1H,m,H-5);13C NMR(100 MHz,CD3OD)δ: 169.1(C-COOH),137.8(C-8),123.4(C-9),123.3(C-4),121.8(C-6),113.2(C-2),112.7(d,C-7),119.2(C-5),108.2(C-3)。其波谱数据与文献报道吲哚-3-羧酸[9]一致。
化合物4 淡黄色固体,C16H14O5,FAB+-MS m/z:287[M+1]+;1H NMR(500 MHz,CD3OD)δ: 7.35~7.54(5H,m,H-2',3',4',5',6'),7.31(1H,s,H-6),6.46(1H,s,H-8),5.08(1H,d,J=12 Hz,H-2),5.05(1H,d,J=12 Hz,H-3),3.90(3H,s,H-OCH3),3.29(1H,s),13C NMR(125 MHz, CD3OD)δ:194.3(C-4),159.7(C-7),156.9(C-5),145.6(C-9),138.9(C-1'),129.8(C-4'),129.4(C-3',5'),128.9(C-2',6'),112.2(C-10),108.2(C-6),100.6(C-10),85.9(C-2),74.7(C-3),56.7(C-OCH3)。其波谱数据与文献报道2,3-二甲氧基-5,7-二羟基-二氢黄酮[10]一致。
化合物5 白色固体,C6H6O3,1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ:9.60(1H,s,H-2),6.81(2H,d,J =1.6 Hz,H-4,5),4.74(2H,d,J=1.0 Hz,CH2),5.31(1H,s,H-OH);13C NMR(125 MHz,CDCl3)δ:177.6(C-CHO),160.4(C-5),152.4(C-2),122.6(C-3),109.2(C-4),57.7(C-CH2)。其波谱数据与文献报道3-羟甲基呋喃醛[11]一致。
化合物6 白色固体,C6H6O3,FAB+-MS m/z: 127[M+1]+;1H NMR(400 MHz,CD3Cl3)δ:7.71 (1H,d,J=5.5 Hz,H-6),7.22(1H,br,H-OH),6.43(1H,d,J=5.5,H-5),2.37(3H,s,H-CH3)。其波谱数据与文献报道3-羟基-2-甲基-4-吡喃酮[12]一致。
化合物7 无色针晶,C29H46O,FAB+-MS m/z: 411[M+1]+;1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ:5.73 (1H,s,H-4),5.14(1H,dd,J=8,16 Hz,H-22),5.02(1H,dd,J=8,16 Hz,H-23),2.03(2H,t,H-2),0.84(6H,d,J=9.4 Hz,H-21,29);13C NMR (125 MHz,CDCl3)δ:199.6(C-3),171.6(C-5),138.1(C-4),129.5(C-22),123.8(C-3),55.9(C-17),55.8(C-14),53.8(C-24),51.2(C-9),42.3 (C-6),40.4(C-13),39.5(C-20),35.7(C-12),34.0(C-1),31.8(C-10),31.9(C-2,8,25),31.7 (C-7),28.9(C-16),25.4(C-28),24.4(C-15),21.2(C-21),21.1(C-11,27),19.4(C-19),19.0 (C-26),12.2(C-29),12.0(C-18)。其波谱数据与文献报道豆甾醇-4,22-二烯-3-酮[13]一致。
化合物8 淡黄色油状液体,C39H72O5,EI-MS m/z:620[M]+,603,577,339,264;1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ:5.36(2H,m),4.28(1H,dd,J= 4.3,11.9 Hz),2.30(2H,m),2.00(3H,m),1.59 (2H,d),1.35(23H,m),0.87(4H,t,J= 6.7Hz);13C NMR(125 MHz,CDCl3)δ:173.3(s),172.9(s),130.0(s),129.7(d),68.8(d),62.1 (t),34.2(t),34.0(t),31.9(t),29.7(t),29.5 (t),29.3(t),29.2(t),29.1(t),27.2(t),25.6 (t),24.8(t),22.7(t),14.1(q)。其波谱数据与文献报道(6E,6'E)-2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diylbis (octadec-6-enoate)[14]一致。
化合物9~21通过文献对照分别鉴定为:相思子碱(abrine,9)[15],海帕刺酮碱(hypaphorine,10)[15],β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,11)[16],豆甾醇(stigmasterol,12)[17],菜油甾醇(campesterol,13)[18],环木菠萝烯醇(cycloartenol,14)[19],没食子酸(gallic acid,15)[20],没食子酸乙酯(ethyl gallate,16)[20],abrusin(17)[21-23]abrusin-2''-O-apioside(18)[21-23],6-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-4',5-dihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone(19)[21-23],6-C-[β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-2)β-D-glucopyranosyl]-4',5-dihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone (20)[21-23]和6-C-[β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-2)β-D-glucopyran osyl]-4', 5- dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone (21)[21-23]。
致谢:该项目得到国家自然科学基金资助(81060330);中国科学院昆明植物研究所植物化学与西部植物资源持续利用国家重点实验室分析中心测试所有图谱。
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Chemical Constituents of Abrus precatorius L.
LI Liang-bo1,2,WEN Xiu-ping1,HE Yi1,ZHANG Ping-gang1,HUANG Rong-shao1*,ZHU Hua-jie2*1Agricultural College of Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;2State key laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Rescources of West of China,Kunming Institute of Botany,Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204,China
Eight compounds were isolated from the ethanol extract of the seeds of Abrus precatorius L.for the first time.Their structures were elucidated by spectral methods as N-9-methy-β-carboline(1),isoquinolin-1(2H)-one(2),3-indolecarboxylic acid(3),5,7-dihydroxy-2,3-dimethoxy-flavonone(4),3-formylindole(5),3-hydroxy-2-methyl-pyran-4-one(6),stigmasta-4,22-dien-3-one(7)and(6E,6'E)-2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diylbis(octadec-6-enoate)(8).At the same time thirteen other compounds were isolated from the plants.
Abrus precatorius L.;N-9-methy-β-carboline;isoquinolin-1(2H)-one
1001-6880(2012)10-1371-03
2011-11-14 接受日期:2012-03-12
国家自然科学基金项目(81060330)
*通讯作者 Tel:86-771-3235612;E-mail:15607719052@163.com
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