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尖山橙中生物碱类成分的研究

2012-01-25周长江关焕玉张援虎郝小江杨小生

中成药 2012年1期
关键词:尖山分子式生物碱

周长江, 关焕玉, 张援虎*, 徐 冉, 郝小江, 杨小生

(1.贵州师范大学化学与材料科学学院,贵州贵阳550001;2.贵州省、中国科学院天然产物化学重点实验室,贵州贵阳550002)

尖山橙 Melodinus fusiformis Champ.ex Benth.又名竹芚、芚皮黄、鸡腿果、石牙枫,系夹竹桃科山橙属植物。该属植物全世界约有53种,主要分布于亚洲热带,亚热带及大洋洲。我国产11种,主要布于西南,华南及台湾等省区。尖山橙主要分布于广东、广西、贵州、四川等地,全株供药用,可用于活血,补肺,通乳和治风湿性心脏病等[1-2]。尖山橙中富含单萜吲哚生物碱类成分,该类成分具有多种生物活性,如抗生育,消炎,抗肿瘤等[3-5]。目前对尖山橙化学成分的研究报道较少[6],本实验对尖山橙中的生物碱类成分进行了系统研究,并从中分离鉴定了9个单体成分,分别为:tabersonine(Ⅰ ),11-hydroxytabersonine(Ⅱ),venalstonidine(Ⅲ ),pachysiphine(Ⅳ ),venalstonine(Ⅴ),scandine(Ⅵ),10-hydroxyscandine(Ⅶ ),scandine Nb-oxide(Ⅷ)和5-methoxystrictamine(Ⅸ)。化合物Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅸ为首次从尖山橙中分离鉴定,其中化合物Ⅸ是首次从山橙属植物中分离鉴定。

1 仪器和材料

X-4型显微熔点仪(温度计未校正);美国 Rudolph公司Autopol 1型自动旋光测定仪;美国 Varian INOVA-400型核磁共振仪(TMS内标);美国惠普公司GC-MS5937型质谱仪;(D001×7)强酸型离子树脂为天津南开大学化工厂生产;薄层色谱、柱色谱用硅胶均为青岛海洋化工分厂产品;反相 Rp-18薄层色谱板为德国Merck公司生产;Rp-18柱色谱用硅胶(50 μm)为日本 YMC公司生产;葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20为瑞士生产;分离提取用溶剂均为工业级重蒸使用。

样品于2008年7月采自贵州省遵义市绥阳县旺草镇宽阔水,经贵阳中医学院陈德媛教授鉴定为尖山橙Melodinus fusiformis,标本存放于贵州省、中国科学院天然产物化学重点实验室。

2 提取和分离

255 kg干燥粉碎尖山橙全草用0.05 mol/L盐酸冷浸,浸液通过强酸型离子树脂后,用10% 的氨水碱化,晾干,再用95% 乙醇洗脱浓缩得浸膏1510 g。浸膏经硅胶(200~300目)柱色谱分离,以三氯甲烷-甲醇(100∶0→0∶100)梯度洗脱,TLC检测合并,得到18个流份。其中,流份A部分(130 g)经过反复正相硅胶、反相Rp-18和葡聚糖凝胶LH-20柱色谱分离与纯化,分别用三氯甲烷-甲醇(100∶0→0 ∶100)、石油醚-丙酮(100 ∶0→0 ∶100)、水-甲醇(100∶100→0∶100)梯度洗脱,洗脱物再经反复分离纯化,重结晶,得到化合物Ⅰ(1.2 g),Ⅱ (60 mg),Ⅲ(560mg),Ⅳ(21 mg),Ⅴ(500 mg),Ⅵ (18.5 g),Ⅶ (3.0 g),Ⅷ (14 mg)。同样方法,从流份 B部分 (146 g)得到化合物Ⅸ(90 mg)。

3 结构鉴定

化合物Ⅰ:白色粉末;分子式为C21H24O2N2;[α]D9.7-23.5(CHCl3,C 0.85);EI-MS m/z:336[M]+,305,229,214,196,170,168,154,135,122,121,107,93。1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:9.00(1H,s,-NH),7.25(1H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-9),7.17(1H,t,J=7.6 Hz,H-11),6.89(1H,t,J=7.6 Hz,H-10),6.83(1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-12),5.81(1H,dd,J=10.0,3.6 Hz,H-14),5.73(1H,d,J=10.0 Hz,H-15)3.77(3H,s,-OMe),1.08(2H,q,J=7.6 Hz,H-19),0.66(3H,t,J=7.6 Hz,H-18)。13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:169.3(s,C=O),166.7(s,C-2),143.5(s,C-13),137.8(s,C-8),133.4(d,C-15),128.0(d,C-11),125.1(d,C-14),121.8(d,C-9),120.9(d,C-10),109.6(d,C-12),92.4(s,C-16),70.4(d,C-21),55.4(s,C-7),51.2(q,OCH3),50.9(t,C-5),50.8(t,C-3),44.8(t,C-6),41.6(s,C-20),28.7(t,C-19),27.2(t,C-17),7.8(q,C-18)。以上数据和文献[7-8]报道的 tabersonine一致,故鉴定该化合物为 tabersonine。

化合物Ⅱ:无色块状结晶(甲醇);分子式为C21H24O3N2;mp 165 ℃;[α]D10.7-288.4(CHCl3,C 0.43)。EI-MS m/z:352 [M]+,336,321,294,245,221,184,170,135,122,121,107,93。1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:8.97(1H,s,-NH),7.07(1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-9),6.39(1H,s,H-12),6.33(1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-10),5.78(1H,m,H-14),5.71(1H,d,J=10.0 Hz,H-15),3.77(3H,s,-OMe),3.48(1H,d,J=15.6 Hz,H-3),3.19(1H,d,J=15.6 Hz,H-3),3.05(1H,brs,H-5),2.68(1H,brd,H-5),2.62(1H,brs,H-21),2.56(1H,d,J=16.4 Hz,H-17),2.44(1H,d,J=16.4 Hz,H-17),2.08(1H,brs,H-6),1.79(1H,brs,H-6),1.01(1H,m,H-19),0.88(1H,m,H-19),0.65(3H,t,J=7.8 Hz,H-18)。13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:169.2(s,C=O),167.3(s,C-2),156.0(s,C-11),144.4(s,C-13),133.1(d,C-15),130.3(s,C-8),124.8(d,C-14),122.0(d,C-10),106.9(d,C-9),97.7(d,C-12),92.4(s,C-16),70.1(d,C-21),54.5(s,C-7),51.1(q,OCH3),50.9(t,C-5),50.6(t,C-3),44.6(t,C-6),41.4(s,C-20),28.4(t,C-19),26.9(t,C-17),7.5(q,C-18)。EI-MS、1H NMR 数据与文献[9-10]报道的11-hydroxytabersonine一致,故鉴定该化合物为11-hydroxytabersonine。

化合物Ⅲ:白色块状结晶,分子式为C21H24O3N2,mp 230 ℃。[α]D8.9-78.6(CHCl3,C 1.0)。EI-MS m/z:352[M]+:335,323,309,279,214,194,180,156,138,123,108.1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:7.04(1H,d,J=7.6 Hz,H-9),7.00(1H,t,J=7.6 Hz,H-11),6.75(1H,t,J=7.6 Hz,H-10),6.70(1H,d,J=7.6 Hz,H-12),3.80(1H,s,-NH),3.76(3H,s,-OCH3)。13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:174.1(s,C=0),149.1(s,C-13),139.1(s,C-8),126.9(d,C-11),121.2(d,C-9),119.3(d,C-10),111.1(d,C-12),67.0(d,C-2),61.6(s,C-21),58.0(d,C-15),55.8(s,C-7),53.6(d,C-14),52.0(q,OCH3),49.2(t,C-5),48.0(t,C-3),43.2(d,C-16),36.2(t,C-6),35.8(s,C-20),33.8(t,C-19),27.6(t,C-18),26.8(t,C-17)。以上 EI-MS、1H NMR 数据与文献[11-13]报道的 venalstonidine基本一致。B.Das等于1965年首次分得该化合物,但未提供13C NMR数据,本实验首次提供13C NMR数据。

化合物Ⅳ:白色结晶(甲醇);分子式为C21H24O3N2;mp 168 ℃;[α]D11.3-403.8(CHCl3,C 1.0)。EI-MS m/z:352[M]+,335,322,309,295,266,253,238,227,214,180,167,154,138,127,108,93。1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:8.99(1H,s,-NH),7.18(1H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-9),7.16(1H,t,J=7.8 Hz,H-11),6.89(1H,t,J=7.8 Hz ,H-10),6.81(1H,d,J=7.8 Hz,H-12),3.78(3H,s,-OCH3),0.94(2H,m,H-19),0.74(3H,t,J=7.2 Hz,H-18)。13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:168.9(s,C=O),165.2(s,C-2),143.1(s,C-13),137.6(s,C-8),127.8(d,C-11),121.4(d,C-9),120.5(d,C-10),109.3(d,C-12),91.1(s,C-16),71.2(d,C-21),56.3(d,C-15),54.6(s,C-7),52.1(d,C-14),51.1(t,C-5),51.0(q,OCH3),49.7(t,C-3),44.1(t,C-6),37.2(s,C-20),26.4(t,C-19),23.3(t,C-17),7.2(q,C-18)。以上数据与文献[14-15]报道的pachysiphine一致,故鉴定该化合物为pachysiphine。

化合物Ⅴ:无色块状结晶(甲醇);分子式为C21H24O2N2;mp 138 ℃;[α]D8.8-52.4(CHCl3,C 0.84)。EI-MS m/z:336 [M]+,308,242,229,216,156,135,122,107。1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:7.09(1H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-9),7.05(1H,t,J=7.6 Hz,H-11),6.77(1H,t,J=7.6 Hz,H-10),6.72(1H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-12),5.75(1H,m,H-14),5.53(1H,d,J=9.6 Hz,H-15),3.88(1H,s,-NH),3.74(3H,s,-OCH3),3.50(2H,d,J=10.0 Hz,H-3)。13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:174.2(s,C=0),149.3(s,C-13),140.0(s,C-8),132.8(d,C-15),126.9(d,C-11),126.9(d,C-14),121.5(d,C-9),119.4(d,C-10),111.3(d,C-12),67.0(d,C-21),66.8(s,C-2),56.3(s,C-7),51.9(q,OCH3),50.2(t,C-5),49.2(t,C-3),43.6(d,C-16),36.4(t,C-6),35.2(s,C-20),34.2(t,C-19),31.7(t,C-18),29.7(t,C-17)。以上数据与文献[11,16]报道的 venalstonine一致,故鉴定该化合物为venalstonine。

化合物Ⅵ:无色块状结晶(甲醇);分子式为C21H22O3N2;mp 192 ℃;[α]D8.5183.8(CHCl3,C 1.09)。EI-MS m/z:350[M]+,335,322,291,263,230,199,134,91,77。1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:9.14(1H,s,-NH),7.39(1H,d,J=7.6 Hz,H-9),7.19(1H,t,J=7.6 Hz,H-11),7.08(1H,t,J=7.6 Hz,H-10),6.77(1H,d,J=7.6 Hz,H-12),5.72(2H,m,H-14,15),5.72(1H,m,H-19),4.94(1H,d,J=17.2 Hz,H-18),4.81(1H,d,J=10.8 Hz,H-18),3.59(3H,s,OCH3)。13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:170.5(s,C-2),169.4(s,C=O),142.2(d,C-19),134.3(s,C-13),131.5(d,C-15),128.7(s,C-8),127.5(d,C-11),126.9(d,C-9),123.7(d,C-10),122.8(d,C-14),115.6(d,C-12),114.6(t,C-18),83.6(d,C-21),63.6(s,C-16),57.7(s,C-7),53.3(t,C-5),52.6(q,OCH3),47.7(t,C-3),44.0(t,C-17),46.6(s,C-20),39.8(t,C-6)。以上数据与文献[17]报道的 scandine一致,故鉴定该化合物为scandine。

化合物Ⅶ:白色块状结晶(甲醇);分子式为C21H22O4N2;mp 180 ℃;[α]D8.5254.5(CHCl3,C 1.00)。EI-MS m/z:366[M]+,351,338,307,279,246,226,134,120。1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:8.78(1H,s,-NH),6.92(1H,s,H-9),6.52(1H,d,J=8.0 Hz),6.40(1H,d,J=8.0 Hz),5.86(2H,m,H-14,15),5.76(1H,dd,J=17.0,10 Hz,H-19),5.03(1H,d,J=17.0 Hz,H-18),4.90(1H,d,J=10.0 Hz,H-18),3.55(1H,s,OCH3),3.03(1H,d,J=13.6 Hz,3-H),2.68(1H,d,J=13.6 Hz,3-H)。13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:170.0(s,C-2),168.1(s,C=O),152.7(s,C-10),142.8(d,C-19),132.5(d,C-15),129.0(s,C-13),127.2(s,C-8),121.7(d,C-14),116.1(d,C-12),114.6(d,C-9),114.6(d,C-11),113.8(t,C-18),81.9(d,C-21),62.3(s,C-16),58.8(s,C-7),52.7(q,OCH3),52.6(t,C-5),46.3(t,C-3),44.7(s,C-20),43.7(t,C-17),36.1(t,C-6)。以上数据与文献[17]报道的10-hydroxy scandine一致,故鉴定该化合物为10-hydroxy scandine。

化合物Ⅷ:白色结晶(丙酮);分子式为C21H22O4N2;mp 241℃(分解);[α]D13.8148.5(CHCl3,C 1.00)。EI-MS m/z:366 [M]+:350,335,322,307,291,235,230,198,130,115。1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:9.85(1H,s,-NH),8.13(1H,d,J=7.6 Hz,H-9),7.24(1H,t,J=7.6 Hz,H-11),7.13(1H,t,J=7.6Hz H-10),6.84(1H,d,J=7.6 Hz,H-12),5.88(1H,d,J=10.4 Hz,H-18),5.13(1H,d,J=17.2 Hz,H-19),5.04(1H,d,J=10.4 Hz,H-18),4.00(1H,s,H-21),3.57(3H,s,OCH3),3.07(1H,d,J=14.0 Hz,H-17),2.48(1H,d,J=14.0 Hz,H-17)。13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:169.2(s,C-2),168.3(s,C=O),142.6(d,C-19),136.5(s,C-13),131.9(d,C-15),131.4(d,C-9),129.8(d,C-11),126.7(s,C-8),124.8(d,C-14),116.5(d,C-10),115.8(d,C-12),115.7(t,C-18),92.9(d,C-21),66.4(t,C-5),62.9(t,C-3),62.6(s,C-16),59.9(s,C-7),52.6(q,OCH3),50.2(s,C-20),42.8(t,C-17),34.8(t,C-6)。以上数据与文献[6]报道的scandine Nb-oxide一致,故鉴定该化合物为 scandine Nb-oxide。

化合物Ⅸ:无色粉末,分子式为 C21H24O3N2;mp 230 ℃;[α]D10-167.2(CHCl3,C 0.20)。EIMS m/z:352[M]+307,275,229,214,204,191,168,137,123,108。1H NMR(CCl3,400 MHz)δ:7.62(1H,d,J=7.6 Hz,H-9),7.39(1H,d,J=7.6 Hz,H-12),7.34(1H,dd,J=7.2,7.6 Hz,H-10),7.14(1H,dd,J=7.2,7.6 Hz,H-11),5.50(1H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-19),4.48(1H,d,J=5.2 Hz,H-3),4.07(1H,d,J=16.8 Hz,H-21),3.88(1H,d,J=4.0 Hz,H-5),3.75(1H,dd,J=4.4,15.2 Hz,H-6),3.70(3H,s,OCH3),3.43(1H,s,H-15),3.21(3H,s,OCH3),3.09(1H,d,J=17.2 Hz,H-21),2.68(1H,m,H-14),2.22(1H,d,J=15.2 Hz,H-6),1.91(1H,d,J=3.6 Hz,H-16),1.76(1H,m,H-14),1.54(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-18).13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:190.7(s,C-2),171.6(s,C-17),155.6(s,C-13),145.4(s,C-8),136.6(s,C-20),128.0(d,C-11),125.0(d,C-10),123.2(d,C-12),121.0(d,C-19),120.7(d,C-9),89.9(d,C-5),56.0(d,C-16),54.6(q,OCH3),53.5(s,C-7),51.5(d,C-3),51.5(q,C-22),50.3(t,C-21),38.4(t,C-6),35.8(t,C-14),32.6(d,C-15),12.9(q,C-18)。以上数据与文献[18]报道的5-methoxystrictamine一致,故鉴定该化合物为5-methoxystrictamine。

[致谢]核磁共振波谱数据和质谱数据由贵州省、中国科学院天然产物化学重点实验室仪器室提供。

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