齐拉岛总体规划，巴库，阿塞拜疆

2011-04-09建筑设计BIG

世界建筑 2011年2期

关键词：巴库里海天际线

建筑设计：BIG

阿塞拜疆“七峰”总体规划设计了一座零能耗的度假娱乐城，坐落在里海的齐拉岛上。齐拉岛位于阿塞拜疆首都巴库新月形的海湾里，将要设计成一个城市可持续化发展的范本，并且拥有从城市海岸线可见的极具标志性的天际线。

“七峰”中的每一个度假区都借鉴了一座阿塞拜疆名山的几何形态。各个“山体”具有混合私密与公共功能的不同方式。群“山”并集形成了一条有机的天际线，构成了该岛的地形特征。

作为一个后苏维埃时期的年轻的国家，阿塞拜疆正在重塑它的国家认同感。阿塞拜疆“七峰”意在效仿自然景观设计一座建筑景观。“七峰”不仅是要设计成一个标志性建筑，更是要建造完整的生态系统，形成一个未来城市可持续发展的模型。

“零”岛

齐拉岛的设计目标是成为一座完全不依靠外部资源、自给自足的岛屿。通过将阿塞拜疆的建筑传统与最新的技术相结合，齐拉岛用最少的资源为人们提供了相当卓越的生活空间，成为了以低资源消耗满足高端生活品质的范例。

日照

岛上建筑的制冷与供热通过与周围里海相联系的热泵完成。太阳能面板与建筑整合，形成稳定的热水供应，太阳能光电板布置在立面和屋顶上，其能量白天可用于游泳池和水上公园。

水

所有的污水和雨水将集中送至污水处理厂，经过净化、处理，重新用于灌溉。污水中的固体废物将在经过加工和堆肥处理后施用于表层土壤，使岛上的土壤更肥沃。该岛以最小化的生态处理，经过持续的灌溉和施肥，可以一直维持热带岛屿丰饶肥沃的状态。

风

巴库是一座“风城”，这令齐拉岛受益匪浅。风能发电收集风能，齐拉岛足以拥有自己的CO2中和电力系统。16个风力发电机组将供给全岛电力，改变海油工业留下众多平台和基地的现状，替换掉里海海平面上森林般的油塔。

景观

齐拉岛的景观源于对群山形成的微气候进行的风模拟。风动进行的涡流图示穿过“七峰”，由此确定了植树的位置以及公共空间与广场的布置。强风与气旋最强的地方就是树种得最密的地方，这种方式令风速减低，形成了宜人的室外气候。□（叶扬译）

业主/Client: Aurositi Holding

合作者/Collaborators: Ramboll

规模/Size: 1 000 000 m2

主管合伙人/Partner-in-Charge: Bjarke Ingels

项目负责人及建筑师/Project Leader & Architect:Andreas Klok Pedersen

项目经理/Project Management: Kai-Uwe Bergmann项目团队/Team: Sylvia Feng, Kinga Rajczykowska, Pal Arnulf Trodahl, Pauline Lavie, Maxime Enrico, Oana Simionescu, Alex Cozma, Molly Price, Ondrej Janku

The Seven Peaks of Azerbaijan is a master plan for a Zero Energy resort and entertainment city on Zira Island situated within the Caspian Sea. Located within the crescent shaped bay of Azerbaijan's capital Baku, Zira Island is designed to be a sustainable model for urban development, and an iconographic skyline recognizable from the city's coastline.

Each of the Seven Peaks house a resort development derived from the geometry of a famous mountain in Azerbaijan. Individually each mountain becomes a principle for mixing private and public functions. Together the mountains form an organic skyline merging with the natural topography of the island.

As a young post-soviet democracy, Azerbaijan is rediscovering its national identity. The Seven Peaks of Azerbaijan proposes an architectural landscape derived from its natural landscape. The Seven Peaks are conceived not only as icons, but engineered as entire eco-systems, a model for future sustainable urban development.

Zero Island

The vision of Zira Island is to create an island that is entirely independent of external resources. A self contained island. By combining the best of the traditional Azerbaijani building tradition with the newest technology, Zira Island will provide excellent living spaces for people, with a minimum usage of resources. A showcase to the world combining highend living with low-end resource usage.

Sun

The buildings of the island are entirely heated and cooled by heat pumps connecting to the surrounding Caspian Sea. Solar heat panels integrated in the architecture create a steady supply of hot water, while photovoltaics on strategically located facades and roof tops power daytime functions as swimming pools and aqua parks.

Water

All waste water and storm water is collected and led to a waste water treatment plant, where it is cleaned, processed and recycled for irrigation. The solid parts of the waste water are processed and composted and finally turned into top soil, fertilizing the island. The constant irrigation and fertilizing of the island supports the lush green condition of a tropical island, with a minimal ecological footprint.

Wind

Zira Island benefits from the fact that Baku is“The city of wind”. By harvesting the wind energy through an offshore wind farm, Zira Island will have its own CO2-neutral power supply. 16 wind turbines will power the entire island, transforming the platforms and foundations of the existing offshore oil industry and replacing the forest of oil towers in the horizon of the Caspian Sea.

Landscape

The landscaping of the island is derived from wind simulations of the microclimates created by the mountains. Swirly patterns created by the wind moving its way through the Seven Peaks inform the planting of trees and the placement of public spaces and plazas.Where the winds and turbulence are strongest the trees becomes denser, creating lower wind speeds and thus a comfortable outdoor leisure climate.□