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基于主题意义的小学英语阅读教学实践与思考

2024-06-03孙晔

小学教学研究·教研版 2024年4期
关键词:主题意义核心素养阅读教学

孙晔

【摘 要】在小学英语教学中,学生对主题意义的理解有利于扩大词汇储备、积累阅读素材,提高自身的语言表达能力。文章结合阅读教学课例,阐述如何围绕语篇的主题意义设计学习理解、应用实践和迁移创新等一系列的语言活动,通过多维度和有深度的问题引导学生理解主题意义。

【关键词】主题意义 阅读教学 核心素养

《义务教育英语课程标准(2022年版)》将主题意义列为英语课程内容的六大要素之一。主题意义内容丰富,包括人与自己的关系,人与社会、自然的关系,社会科学与自然科学的关系等内容。学生对主题意义的理解有利于扩大词汇储备、积累大量阅读素材,提高自身的语言表达能力。学生在表层的文本阅读基础上,对主题的信息进行辩证的思考,从而能对主题有多角度和更深刻的理解。教师在英语教学中提高学生的核心素养,应该引导学生准确把握阅读材料的主题意义。本文以译林版英语五年级上册Unit 3 Our animal friends第一课时教学设计为例,具体阐述实施方法。

一、基于主题意义探究的小学英语阅读课案例与分析

以译林版英语五年级上册Unit 3 Our animal friends Story time板块的教学为例,主要内容是四个小朋友分别介绍自己的动物朋友,让学生通过初步感知课文内容,继而熟练掌握have/has的用法。在教学过程中,教师始终以“动物朋友”为主线,根据五年级学生的生理、心理特点,利用谈话、猜谜、贴图等活动积极创设各种生动、活泼并密切联系生活实际的情境来引导学生理解和运用所学的知识,帮助学生学习本课的日常用语和单词,进一步提高学生听、说、读、写等综合语言运用能力。

Step 1  Warm up and lead in

学生对animal friends 这个话题很感兴趣,绝大多数学生都有自己喜欢的动物,也愿意了解动物。教师在上课开始的热身环节就和学生直奔主题聊一聊他们的动物朋友,为新课的学习做好铺垫。

T: Hello, boys and girls. Today well talk something about animal friends. Do you have an animal friend?

S1: Yes, I do.

T: Whats your animal friend?

S1: Its a dog.

T: Wow! What does it look like?

S1: Its big. Its black. It is very cool.

T: Great. And why you choose this dog to be your friend?

S1: Because it is very cool. And I am a cool boy too. And also, it likes staying and playing with me a lot. So we are friends.

T: What about you? Do you have an animal friend?

S2: No.

T: Why?

S2: Because my mother doesnt allow me to keep any animals. She says that animals would make our home messy and dirty.

T: Oh, I see. When we keep an animal, we should help it develop a good habit. Then, if you have a chance to have an animal friend, what will you choose?

S2: I want to have a parrot.

T: Why?

S2: Parrots are very beautiful. Some of them can talk with people. Its great fun.

T: I hope you can have a nice parrot someday.

Step 2 Presentation

1.Watch and match

watch and match是容易完成的一項任务,但在做之前笔者设置了让学生猜一猜的环节,就让这个连线任务变得丰富了起来,学生在猜测的分析过程中不仅要思考动物的特性,也要考虑到人物的性格,体现了人与自然和谐共处的主题。

T: Here comes our friends Nancy, Liu Tao , Mike and Su Hai. They will talk about their animal friends. Look at these animals. Do you know them?

Ss: A dog, a parrot, two fish and a rabbit.

T: Yes. Please guess whats Nancys animal friend.

S3: I think she has a rabbit.

T: Why do you think so?

S3: Rabbits are very lovely. I think girls all like rabbits.

T: Maybe. And what about Mike?

S4: I think Mikes animal friend is the dog.

T: Why?

S4:Mike can play basketball. Maybe the dog can play ball games with him.

T: Great. Now lets watch the cartoon and do the match.

T: Now, lets check the answer. Please use “has…” to tell us.

S5: Nancy has two fish.

S6: Mike has a dog.

S7: Liu Tao has a rabbit.

S8: Su Hai has a parrot.

師引导学生使用本课重点句型:“…have/ has…”

2.Skim and find

本课四个主人公都是从以上三个方面来介绍自己的动物朋友的,教师让学生自己浏览文章并归纳总结出颜色、外貌、本领三个方面,为后面做思维导图做好了铺垫。这也是在教给学生阅读的方法,以后再读类似的文本是可以用这样的方法来获取和梳理关键信息的。

T: Now we know what are their animal friends. This time please skim the passage (from page 26 to 27) and find what do the children say about their animal friends.

S9: What colour are they?

T: Yes. About their colour. (PPT出示“colour”标签)

S10: What do they have?

T: Yes. About their appearance.(PPT出示“appearance”标签)

S11: What can they do?

T: Yes. About their ability. (PPT出示“ability”标签)

3.Read and underline

这是一篇偏科普类的小说明文,对于学生来说其内容不难理解,教师要把重点放在阅读方法的指导上。获取关键信息对于这样的文章来说很重要,因此,教师可以利用思维导图来教会学生发现和整理信息。

T: Now, please read part 1 by yourself and underline the three pieces of information of Nancys animal friend.

Ss: …

学生用书上的词组或句子回答问题,教师在刚才提炼出的“colour”“appearance”“ability”三个标签旁板书关键词,绘制思维导图。

T: Can you introduce Nancys animal friend according to our mind-map?

Ss: Nancy has …

One is…and the other is…(教师引导)

They have…

They have no / They dont have…

They have…

T: Now lets read part 2,3 and 4 in four. Find the three pieces of information of them. Then stick the information card on the right places.

学生四人小组合作完成练习纸上的思维导图并交流。

教师用PPT逐次呈现Mike、Liu Tao和Su Hai的动物朋友的信息思维导图,引导学生用It is… It has… It can… 来介绍。

教师已经利用文章的第一段示范过如何绘制思维导图,剩下的三段和第一段的结构几乎是一样的,学生完全可以自己完成。用小组合作贴信息卡的方式不仅培养了学生们的团队合作精神,也提高了此项活动的趣味性和完成的效率。

Step 3 Practice

1.Lets read

T: Lets read the story after the computer.

教师指导学生单词的发音和课文的朗读。

2.Think and say

________and________,________Nancys fish have big

________and a short________Mikes dog has big

________and a short_______Liu Taos rabbit has long

________,two legs and two________,a long________Su Hais parrot has a big

课文是四个主人公以自己的口吻叙述的,主语都是第一人称,这里改成用第三人称转述,需要学生注意动词的第三人称单数变形。

Step 4 Production

1.Lets talk

让学生谈一谈自己喜欢课文里的哪个小动物,此处需要学生们再次回到文本去理解和认识这些动物,并结合自己的实际去交流。基于文本的拓展,使学生对文本掌握得更扎实;结合生活实际进行交流,可以促使学生运用更丰富的语言去表达。

T: Here are Nancys, Mikes, Liu Taos and Su Hais animal friends. Which animal do you like best?

S12: I like the fishes best. Because I like their colour. And they have big tails. It looks very beautiful when they swim in water.

T: Great. I see. What about you?

S13: I like the dog best. At weekends, I usually run in the park. I want a dog to run with me.

T: Me too.

2.Lets think

给学生补充生活中常见的其他动物,让其利用本节课所学句型去描述,并说一说自己是否想要一个这样的动物朋友。再次将所学语言知识与生活实际相结合,给了学生更多真实表达的机会。

T: We can see some lovely and beautiful animals in this passage. And there are a lot of animals around us. Here I'll show you some pictures of them. (PPT依次出示giraffe、panda和elephant的图片) Whats this?

Ss: Its a/ an…

T: What does it look like?

Ss: It is… It has…

T: What can it do?

Ss: It can…

T: Do you want to have a/an…to be your animal friend?

S14: Yes. Because…

S15: No. Because…

課文中的四种动物和教师刚才补充的三种动物相对都是很可爱的,绝大多数学生都会喜欢,也会愿意让他们成为自己的动物朋友,但生活中并不是所有的动物都有如此可爱的外表,如这里出现的蝙蝠、蛇、猎豹和鲨鱼,那他们能否成为我们的动物朋友呢?此处需要学生们花更多的时间去了解,并做辩证的思考。

T: (PPT依次出示bat,snake,leopard和shark的图片) Look at these animals. Do you like them? Can they be our animal friends?

S16: Yes. Because…

S17: No. Because…

T: Please read some books or search some information about these animals after class. Then, please think whether they are our animal friends.

二、基于主题意义探究的小学英语阅读教学的思考

(一)以学生为主体,联系生活实际,创造充分表达的机会

本课话题是谈论小动物的外貌和本领,学生们很感兴趣。导入环节开门见山,教师直接和学生们讨论他们的动物朋友,课堂气氛被调动起来,学生十分愿意跟小伙伴介绍自己的小动物,而且在介绍过程中学生们的语言是丰富多样的,即便有很多词汇或句式他们不会用英语表达,但在教师的帮助下,学生们还是愿意去说的,这就奠定了本节课的较好的开端。对于没有动物伙伴的学生,教师也会引导他们畅想自己想要拥有哪种小动物,这对学生来说也是一种积极的引导。在课文处理结束后,教师没有将文本放在一边,而是让学生思考自己会选择课文中的哪个小动物作为自己的伙伴。这里再次体现学生的主体地位,让学生将所学新知和自己的特性结合,自由表达。

(二)合理设计活动,注重培养学生思维品质

在拓展环节,教师给学生提供了课本外的七种小动物的图片,并和学生讨论这些动物的特点,以及是否想拥有这样的动物朋友。通过前面思维导图的制作,学生已经清晰掌握了介绍动物的思路,能够较流畅地表达。在这七种动物中,有的可爱,有的看起来凶猛可怕,那他们能否作为我们的动物伙伴,每个学生的理解是不同的,学生可以自由表达观点,同时也需要学生们课后多做了解,并用辩证的眼光去看待。

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