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写出人物想法与感受的7种方法

2023-12-18黄馥

广东教育·高中 2023年11期
关键词:眉毛鼻子耳朵

黄馥

故事里的人物一定会有想法和感受,这样才真实。此外,人物的想法与感受也是故事情节向前推进的原因与助力。写出故事人物的想法与感受,不仅可以让人物更加立体,故事更为生动,也是情节扩展的重要手段之一,那么如何写出人物的想法与感受呢?这里有7种方法分享给大家。

一、内心对话

如果人物的内心想法是具体的,可以用直接引语或间接引语将其描述出来,但由于是“想”而不是“说”,注意动词的使用与表达,一起来看一下一些例子吧。

1. 直接引语

人教版教材必修第三册Unit 2, Reading for Writing的The Stone in the Road里面有2个句子是用直接引语来描写人物内心活动:

(1)Once upon a time there was a king who often thought, “Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.” 从前,有一位国王经常想:“一个国家的人民只会抱怨并期望其他人解决他们的问题,不会有好的事情会降临到这个国家。”

(2)But when she saw the stone, she said to herself, “This stone is a danger to anyone who comes down the street after dark. Ill move it out of the way.” 但当她看到这块石头时,她对自己说:“这块石头对天黑后走在街上的人来说都是危险的。我要把它移开。”

2. 间接引语

也可以用间接引语来描写人物心理活动:

(1)I asked myself what I would have done in such a situation. 我问自己在这种情况下我会怎么做。

(2)I phoned Mary, thinking I might catch her before she left for work. 我打电话给玛丽,心里想或许能赶在她去上班前联系到她。

二、直接感受

1. 人物的感受描写可以直接用主系表结构的句式,用上不同的系动词,例如:

(1)表示“是”动词:be动词;seem/appear(好像是……)等

①Things were happening too quickly and he was confused. 事情发生得太快,他糊涂了。

②She seemed happy. 她似乎很愉快。

③He appeared very confident. 他顯得很自信。

(2)感官动词:feel(觉得);look(看起来……)等,例如:

①The following day she felt well to go to school. 第二天,她感觉好转,可以去上学了。

②He does look tired. 他的确显得很疲倦。

(3)表示“保持”的系动词:keep;remain等,例如:

①Jack kept calm. 杰克保持冷静。

②She remained cool, calm and collected. 她保持冷静、沉着、镇定。

(4)表示“变得”的系动词:become;get;go;grow等,例如:

①She was becoming confused. 她开始糊涂了。

②The children quickly got bored with staying indoors. 孩子们在屋子里很快就厌烦了。

③The team won and the fans went mad. 球队获胜了,球迷欣喜若狂。

④As time went on he grew more and more impatient. 时间长了,他越来越没有耐心。

2. 也可以直接用主谓宾结构的句式来描写情绪感受,用上一些及物动词或短语,例如:

(1)The dog could sense danger. 那只狗能感觉到危险。

(2)I got a shock when I saw the bill. 我看到账单时大吃一惊。

(3)She was aware of a sharp regret. 她感到一种剧烈的悔恨。

三、被动产生

除了直接感受,还可以是由于某些原因或外力,产生了某些想法或情绪,因此可以使用“使役”动词,也就是表示“让、使”的词,例如:drive;make;send。可以用上主谓宾补句式。

1. That noise is driving me crazy. 那噪声吵得我快发疯了。

2. My words made him happy. 我的话让他高兴了。

3. The unexciting chores nearly sent him crazy. 枯燥乏味的无聊事让他差一点发疯了。

四、心脑反应

心脏的反应是感受的传递,而大脑的反应则是想法的表达。如何用“heart”和“brain”来描写人物的想法和感受呢?例如:

1. 心脏反应

(1)人教版教材选择性必修第一册Unit 1,Workbook的Expanding Your World的《Three Days to See(Adapted)》有这么一个描写心情的句子:

At times my heart cries out with longing to see all these things. 有时,我的心会因为渴望看到所有这些东西而呐喊。

(2)Her heart raced uncontrollably. 她控制不住地心跳加速。

(3)I felt excited so my heart beat fast. 我感觉很兴奋,因此我的心跳很快。

(4)Her heart was pounding with excitement. 她激动得心脏怦怦直跳。

2. 大脑反应

(1)Many worries may start to crowd her mind. 很多烦恼会开始涌上她的心头。

(2)When I saw the exam questions my mind just went blank. 我看到考题时,脑子里一下子变得一片空白。

五、事物支配

1. 英语表达中,主语不一定都是人,也可以是物,例如:

(1)The answer broke his heart. 这个答案使他心碎。

(2)An awful thought has just struck me. 刚才我脑子里突然闪过一个可怕的念头。

(3)Words cannot express my sorrow. 言语无法表达我的哀伤。

(4)A cheer went up from the other passengers. 其他乘客发出一阵欢呼声。

2. 也可以用跟情绪有关的名词作主语,表示人物的感受,例如:

(1)Panic seized her. 她突然惊慌失措。

(2)Excitement was shining in her eyes. 她眼里闪着兴奋的光芒。

(3)Fear suddenly flowed over me. 我突然感到恐惧。

(4)Great sorrow clouded his eyes. 他满眼忧伤。

六、表情透露

面部表情是情感表达的直观体现,因此人物的面部包括五官:眉毛、眼睛、鼻子、嘴巴和耳朵都可以即时展示人物的内心活动和情绪变化,例如:

1. 面部

(1)I caught a look of surprise on her face. 我发现她面露惊奇。

(2)His face was wet with tears. 他泪流满面。

(3)She blushed with shame. 她羞愧得臉都红了。

(4)Colour flooded her cheeks with embarrassment. 她因尴尬两颊泛起了红晕。

2. 眉毛

(1)Her eyebrows were arched in surprise. 她大吃一惊地扬起了眉毛。

(2)She raised questioning eyebrows. 她竖起眉毛表示怀疑。

3. 眼睛

(1)Her eyes were shining with excitement. 她兴奋得两眼放光。

(2)The expression in her eyes told me something was wrong. 她的眼神告诉我出事了。

(3)As he listened to the music, his eyes were filled with tears. 他听着音乐,眼睛里噙着泪水。

4. 鼻子

(1)She wrinkled her nose in distaste. 她厌恶地皱起鼻子。

(2)The smell made him want to throw up and he pressed a handkerchief to his nose. 这味道使得他想呕吐,他用手帕捂住鼻子。

5. 嘴巴

(1)She put her hand over her mouth to stop herself from screaming. 她用手捂住嘴,以免叫出声来。

(2)The smells from the kitchen made our mouths water. 厨房里的香味让我们直流口水。

(3)A shadow of a smile touched his mouth. 他嘴角透出一丝笑意。

6. 耳朵

(1)He adopted an air of indifference and put his hands over his ears. 他摆出一副满不在乎的样子并用双手捂住了耳朵。

(2)I strained my ears to catch what they were saying. 我竖起耳朵去听他们在说些什么。

七、动作体现

除了面部的表情,还有一些肢体语言,也可以暗示人物的心情与情感,当然,为了让读者更加清楚明白,可以加上一些表示情绪的名词,常用的动作有哪些呢?

1. 身体颤抖

身体或声音的“颤抖”可以是因为寒冷,也可以是因为紧张、惊吓,还可以是因为兴奋,例如:

(1)It was so cold that he opened the letter with trembling hands. 天气这么冷,他双手哆嗦着把信打开。

(2)My legs were trembling with fear. 我吓得双腿直发抖。

(3)I trembled at the thought of giving a performance. 我一想到表演就浑身发抖。

(4)Her voice shook with emotion. 她激動得声音颤抖。

2. 手舞足蹈

手和脚动起来,可以是愤怒,也可以是开心,例如:

(1)She clapped her hands in delight. 她高兴地拍起手来。

(2)Tom stamped his foot in anger. 汤姆气得直跺脚。

(3)He jumped for joy on being told the news. 得知这个消息,他高兴得跳了起来。

3. 点头摇头

点点头,摇摇头,是默认,是反对,是无声的语言描写,也可以是心情的体现,例如:

(1)Her head nodded in agreement. 她点头表示同意。

(2)With a nod and a smile, she took leave of her friends. 她点头微笑着向朋友告辞。

(3)He dismissed the idea with a firm shake of his head. 他坚定地摇了摇头,否定了那个想法。

(4)She shook her head sadly. 她难过地摇摇头。

4. 来回踱步

不停地走来走去,是人物在思考?还是感到焦虑?看下例子吧:

(1)He paced back and forth, trying to find a solution to the problem. 他来回踱步,试图找出解决问题的办法。

(2)I found him in the room nervously pacing up and down. 我发现他在房间里焦虑不安地走来走去。

作者给故事的人物加上了心理描写和情绪描写,可以让读者更能感同身受,身临其境地站在故事人物的角度,进入到故事情节当中,这样的故事才有看头,读起来才津津有味。那这7种写出人物想法与感受的方法,你都学会了吗?

责任编辑 吴昊雷

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