APP下载

Boros-Moll多项式序列递推关系的代数证明

2023-09-14窦裕杰王佳合邓晓明吕仑

河北科技大学学报 2023年4期
关键词:构造法

窦裕杰 王佳合 邓晓明 吕仑

摘 要:为了拓展Boros Moll多项式序列递推关系的基本理论,研究了Boros Moll多项式序列递推关系新的证明方法。首先,对Boros Moll多项式序列满足的递推关系进行适当变形、分拆;其次,将满足的递推关系式构造为3个部分和的差式;最后,运用代数方法、构造法等数学方法得出3个部分的和均为零,进一步得到Boros Moll多项式序列递推关系的一个新的证明方法。结果表明,在Boros Moll多项式序列递推关系中,对其结构进行巧妙变形、分拆,再证明相应的引理成立,可得出一个新的证明方法。研究结果丰富了Boros Moll多项式序列递推关系的相关理论,为Boros Moll多项式序列在组合数学、社会科学、信息论等领域的应用提供了理论参考。

关键词:组合数学;Boros Moll多项式序列;递推关系;代数证明;构造法

中图分类号:O157   文献标识码:A  DOI:10.7535/hbkd.2023yx04005

Algebraic proof of recursive relation for Boros Moll polynomial sequence

DOU Yujie, WANG Jiahe, DENG Xiaoming, LYU Lun

(School of Sciences, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, China)

Abstract: In order to expand the basic theory of the recurrence relationship of Boros Moll polynomial sequence, a new proof method for the recurrence relationship of Boros Moll polynomial sequence was studied. Firstly, the recurrence relationship satisfied by the Boros Moll polynomial sequence was appropriately deformed and partitioned. Secondly, the recursive relationship that satisfies as the difference of the sum of three parts was constructed. Finally, mathematical methods such as algebraic method and structured approach were used to find that the sum of the three parts is all zero. Furthermore, a new proof method for the recurrence relationship of Boros Moll polynomial sequence was obtained. The results indicate that in the Boros Moll polynomial sequence recurrence relationship, the recurrence relationship is cleverly deformed and partitioned, and the corresponding lemma is proved to be corrected, thus obtaining a new proof method. The research results enrich the relevant theory of recurrence relationship of the Boros Moll polynomial sequence, and provide a certain theoretical reference value for the application of the Boros Moll polynomial sequence in combinatorics, social science, information theory and other fields.

Keywords: combinatorics; Boros Moll polynomial sequence; recursive relation; algebraic proof; structured approach

Boros Moll多项式序列是在研究一个四次积分求值时[1 2]產生的:

称为Boros Moll多项式。令di(m)是Pm(a)中ai项的系数,当0≤i≤m时,有

Pm(a)=∑mi=0di(m)ai,

其中,

di(m)=2-2m∑mk=i2k[JB((]2m-2km-k[JB))]

[JB((]m+kk[JB))][JB((]ki,

称为Boros Moll序列。

BOROS等[3]证明了当m≥0时,序列{di(m)}0≤i≤m具有单峰性;MOLL

[4]猜想当m≥2时,这个序列具有对数凹性,即di(m)2≥di-1(m)di+1(m)(1≤i≤m-1);之后,国内外对Boros Moll序列性质的研究取得了大量成果,参见文献[5]—文献[14]。LIU[15]给出了Boros Moll序列的斜对数凹性;CHEN等[16]证明了Boros Moll序列的逆超对数凹性,证明了{di(m)}0≤i≤m的2 对数凹性[17],给出了Boros Moll多项式序列正性的组合证明[18];HAN等[19]研究了Boros Moll多项式的对称分解,证明了Boros Moll多项式的交替双γ 正性。国外关于Boros Moll多项式序列问题的相关研究参见文献[20]—文献[21]。

2007年,KAUERS等[22]用機器证明的方法给出了Boros Moll序列满足递推关系,进而证实了MOLL[4]猜想。机器证明可以快速地用计算机自动推理生成定理的证明方法,但缺少严格的数学证明,本文给出定理的严格数学证明。

定理1[22] 当m≥2,0≤i≤m+1时,有

-(-2+i-m)(-1+i+m)di-2(m)-(i-1)(2m+1)di-1(m)+i(i-1)di(m)=0 。(1)

基于代数方法,本文给出定理1的代数证明。

1 对递推关系的变形、分拆

为了证明式(1)的递推关系,对该式作适当变形、分拆,构造出3个部分和为零的差式,进而证明定理。PANG等[23]在证明Boros Moll系数序列最大下界的过程中,得到如下结论:

证毕。

引理2

证明:根据式(3),能够得到:

证毕。

引理3

证明:显然,将式(5)中的i-1替换为i,即可得到式(7),证毕。

2 对定理1的证明

为了证明递推关系式(1),建立用Di(m)表示的等价形式。利用式(2)递推式,式(1)可以表示为

(m+i)Di(m)+(m-i+2)Di-2(m)-(2m+1)Di-1(m)=0 ,(8)

因此,定理1证明如下。

证明:根据式(4),有:

由式(5)—式(7),可得:

证毕。

3 结 语

1)本文基于KAUERS等研究Boros Moll多项式序列对数凹性时提出的一个递推关系,研究了Boros Moll多项式序列递推关系的代数证明方法。通过对其递推关系进行巧妙变形、分拆,证明了相应的引理,进而给出了代数证明方法。

2)所得结果在一定程度上丰富了Boros Moll多项式序列递推关系的相关理论,为Boros Moll多项式序列在组合数学、社会科学、信息论等领域的应用提供了一定的理论参考价值。

鉴于证明方法的多样性,本研究方法主要考虑了Boros Moll多项式递推关系的代数证明,将递推关系式写成了3个式子的和。未来可以考虑更加简便、直观的研究方法,如组合分析法、赋权组合结构法,赋予3个式子组合解释,间接给出递推关系的组合证明,增加递推关系运用的灵活性。

参考文献/References:

[1]

BOROS G,MOLL V H.An integral hidden in Gradshteyn and Ryzhik[J].Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics,1999,106(2):361 368.

[2] BOROS G,MOLL V H.The double square root,Jacobi polynomials and Ramanujan's master theorem[J].Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics,2001,130(1/2):337 344.

[3] BOROS G,MOLL V H.A criterion for unimodality[J].The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics,1999,6:10 11.

[4] MOLL V H.The evaluation of integrals:A personal story[J].Notices of the American Mathematical Society,2002,49(3):311 317.

[5] AMDEBERHAN T,MANNA D V,MOLL V H.The 2 adic valuation of a sequence arising from a rational integral[J].Journal of Combinatorial Theory,Series A,2008,115(8):1474 1486.

[6] AMDEBERHAN T,MOLL V H.A formula for a quartic integral:A survey of old proofs and some new ones[J].The Ramanujan Journal,2009,18(1):91 102.

[7] CHEN W Y C,DOU D Q J,YANG A L B.Brndén's conjectures on the Boros Moll polynomials[J].International Mathematics Research Notices,2013(20):4819 4828.

[8] CHEN W Y C,WANG L X W,XIA E X W.Interlacing log concavity of the Boros Moll polynomials[J].Pacific Journal of Mathematics,2011,254(1):89 99.

[9] LYU L.A short proof of Moll's minimal conjecture[J].The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics,2017,24(4): 4 7.

[10]MOLL V H.Combinatorial sequences arising from a rational integral[J].Online Journal of Analytic Combinatorics,2007,2(2):456 473.

[11]MOLL V H,MANNA D V.A remarkable sequence of integers[J].Expositiones Mathematicae,2009,27(4):289 312.

[12]SUN Xinyu,MOLL V H.A binary tree representation for the 2 adic valuation of a sequence arising from a rational integral[J].Integers,2010,10(2):211 222.

[13]XIA E X W.The concavity and convexity of the Boros Moll sequences[J].The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics,2015,22(1):1 8.

[14]CHEN W Y C,XIA E X W.The ratio monotonicity of the Boros Moll polynomials[J].Mathematics of Computation,2009,78(268):2269 2282.

[15]LIU E H.Skew log concavity of the Boros Moll sequences[J].Journal of Inequalities and Applications,2017(1):117 121.

[16]CHEN W Y C,GU C Y.The reverse ultra log concavity of the Boros Moll polynomials[J].Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society,2009,137(12):3991 3998.

[17]CHEN W Y C,XIA E X W.2 log concavity of the Boros Moll polynomials[J].Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society,2013,56(3):701 722.

[18]CHEN W Y C,PANG S X M,QU E X Y.On the combinatorics of the Boros Moll polynomials[J].The Ramanujan Journal,2010,21(1):41 51.

[19]HAN Guoniu,MA Shimei,YEH Y N.A Symmetric Decomposition of the Boros Moll Polynomials[DB/OL].https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.14501,2022 12 30.

[20]SAGAN B E.Log concave sequences of symmetric functions and analogs of the Jacobi Trudi determinants[J].Transactions of the American Mathematical Society,1992,329(2):795 811.

[21]MCNAMARA P R W,SAGAN B E.Infinitelog concavity:Developments and conjectures[J].Advances in Applied Mathematics,2010,44(1):1 15.

[22]KAUERS M,PAULE P.A computer proof of Moll's log concavity conjecture[J].Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society,2007,135(12):3847 3856.

[23]PANG S X M,LYU L,WANG J X.The greatest lower bound of a Boros Moll sequence[J].Mathematical Notes,2022,111(1):115 123.

猜你喜欢

构造法
高中数学一道数列典型题解法的探究
浅谈如何在高中数学教学中培养学生的构造能力
由递推公式求通项公式的解题策略
浅析“构造法”在高中数学解题中的实践应用
巧构辅助圆,解法天然成
构造法,数学解题的一把利刃
浅论高中数学解题过程中构造法的运用
浅谈构造法在不等式证明中的应用
函数凹凸性在不等式中的应用
用待定系数法求几类数列的通项公式