重组人血管内皮抑制素注射液联合顺铂胸腔灌注治疗肺癌恶性胸腔积液的效果及对免疫球蛋白的影响
2023-06-25王悦
王悦
【摘要】 目的:探討重组人血管内皮抑制素注射液联合顺铂胸腔灌注治疗肺癌恶性胸腔积液的效果及对免疫球蛋白的影响。方法:选取2019年1月-2020年1月民航总医院收治的94例肺癌恶性胸腔积液患者,按照其治疗方法的异同将其分组,将接受重组人血管内皮抑制素注射液联合顺铂胸腔灌注治疗的患者划分为观察组(n=47),将接受单纯顺铂胸腔灌注治疗的患者划分为对照组(n=47)。比较两组患者的治疗有效率、疾病控制率、生存质量评分、血清相关指标及免疫球蛋白指标。结果:观察组的治疗有效率及疾病控制率均高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组各维度生存质量评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗21 d,两组各维度生存质量评分均高于治疗前,且观察组均高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、M2型丙酮酸激酶(PKM2)水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗21 d,两组HIF-1α、VEGF、PKM2均低于治疗前,且观察组均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组的免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)及免疫球蛋白M(IgM)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗21 d,两组IgA、IgG、IgM均高于治疗前,且观察组均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:重组人血管内皮抑制素注射液联合顺铂胸腔灌注治疗肺癌恶性胸腔积液可改善患者免疫状态,提高其生存质量,综合效果显著。
【关键词】 重组人血管内皮抑制素注射液 胸腔灌注 肺癌 恶性胸腔积液
Effect of Recombinant Human Vascular Endothelial Inhibitor Injection Combined with Cisplatin Thoracic Perfusion in the Treatment of Malignant Pleural Effusion in Lung Cancer and Its Influence on Immunoglobulins/WANG Yue. //Medical Innovation of China, 2023, 20(12): 00-009
[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the effect of Recombinant Human Vascular Endothelial Inhibitor Injection combined with Cisplatin thoracic perfusion in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion in lung cancer and its influence on immunoglobulin. Method: A total of 94 patients with malignant pleural effusion in lung cancer admitted to Civil Aviation General Hospital from January 2019 to January 2020 were selected and grouped according to the similarity and difference of their treatment methods, patients who received Recombinant Human Vascular Endothelial Inhibitor Injection combined with Cisplatin thoracic perfusion were classified as the observation group (n=47), and patients who received Cisplatin alone thoracic perfusion were classified as the control group (n=47). The treatment efficiency, disease control rate, survival quality scores, serum-related indexes and immunoglobulin indexes of the two groups were compared. Result: The treatment effective rate and disease control rate of observation group were higher than those of control group (P<0.05). Before treatment, there were no significant differences in quality of life scores of all dimensions between the two groups (P>0.05); after 21 d of treatment, quality of life scores of all dimensions of both groups were higher than those before treatment, those of the observation group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Before treatment, there were no significant differences in the levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) between the two groups (P>0.05); after 21 d of treatment, HIF-1α, VEGF and PKM2 of both groups were lower than those before treatment, those of observation group were lower than those of control group (P<0.05). Before treatment, there were no significant differences in immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) between the two groups (P>0.05); after 21 d of treatment, IgA, IgG and IgM of both groups were higher than those before treatment, those of observation group were higher than those of control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Recombinant Human Vascular Endothelial Inhibitor Injection combined with Cisplatin thoracic infusion in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion in lung cancer can improve the immune status of patients and their survival quality, with remarkable overall effect.
[Key words] Recombinant Human Vascular Endothelial Inhibitor Injection Thoracic perfusion Lung cancer Malignant pleural effusion
First-author's address: Civil Aviation General Hospital, Beijing 100123, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2023.12.002
晚期肺癌患者的癌細胞累及胸膜,而引起大量胸腔积液,此为恶性胸腔积液,其会降低患者的呼吸及循环系统功能,威胁患者健康[1]。出现恶性胸腔积液的肺癌患者大多已失去手术的机会,大部分患者无法耐受全身性、系统性的化疗,因此在其治疗中需要探索更优质的治疗方法,以降低治疗给患者带来的身心损伤,提高其生存质量。重组人血管内皮抑制素注射液(商品名:恩度)是我国自主研发的新型重组人血管内皮抑素,抗肿瘤作用效果显著[2]。本研究以平行对照法,探究恩度胸腔灌注治疗肺癌恶性胸腔积液的效果,并着重分析其对免疫球蛋白的影响,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 选取2019年1月-2020年1月民航总医院收治的94例肺癌恶性胸腔积液患者。纳入标准:(1)符合非小细胞肺癌的诊断标准,且经胸腔积液脱落细胞学检查确诊为恶性胸腔积液[3];(2)卡氏评分(KPS)≥80分[4];(3)预计生存期>3个月;(4)研究开始前1个月内未接受过有关胸腔积液的其他治疗。排除标准:(1)合并心、肝、肾功能异常;(2)合并其他系统肿瘤;(3)合并免疫系统疾病;(4)对本研究所用药物过敏;(5)合并精神疾病。按照治疗方法的异同将其分组,将接受恩度联合顺铂胸腔灌注治疗的患者划分为观察组(n=47),将接受单纯顺铂胸腔灌注治疗的患者划分为对照组(n=47)。本院医学伦理委员会审核通过此研究,患者或家属均知情同意。
1.2 方法 两组患者均在B超引导下置入胸腔引流管将胸腔积液在48 h内排尽。对照组给予单纯顺铂(生产厂家:齐鲁制药有限公司,批准文号:国药准字H37021358,规格:10 mg)胸腔灌注治疗,40 mg/m2+0.9%氯化钠溶液40 mL,2次/周。观察组在对照组的基础上给予恩度(生产厂家:山东先声生物制药有限公司,批准文号:国药准字S20050088,规格:15 mg︰3 mL)胸腔灌注,30 mg/次,2次/周,顺铂使用方法同对照组。两组患者均连续治疗21 d。
1.3 观察指标及判定标准
1.3.1 治疗有效率及疾病控制率 于治疗后1个月,对两组患者的治疗情况进行评定。若治疗后胸腔积液消失,未有新胸腔积液生成,且持续时间≥4周,则为完全缓解(CR);若胸腔积液减少≥50%,且持续时间≥4周,则为部分缓解(PR);若胸腔积液减少<50%,无增加趋势,则为稳定(SD);若积液无减少或增加,则为进展(PD)。治疗有效率=(CR+PR)例数/总例数×100%。疾病控制率=(CR+PR+SD)例数/总例数×100%。
1.3.2 生存质量评分 于治疗前及治疗21 d后,使用本院自制量表评估两组患者的生存质量,量表包含躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能、共性症状4个维度,每个维度0~100分,分数与生活质量成正比。
1.3.3 血清相关指标 于治疗前及治疗21 d后,采集两组患者的静脉血3 mL,分离血清后,使用ELISA法检测缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及M2型丙酮酸激酶(PKM2)水平。
1.3.4 免疫球蛋白指标 于治疗前及治疗21 d后,采集两组患者静脉血3 mL,分离血清后,使用ELISA法检测免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)及免疫球蛋白M(IgM)水平。
1.4 统计学处理 研究所得数据应用SPSS 22.0分析,计量资料用(x±s)表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验,组内比较采用配对t检验;计数资料以率(%)表示,比较采用字2检验。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 两组一般资料比较 观察组男26例,女21例;年龄48~77岁,平均(53.47±3.25)岁;分期均为Ⅳ期。对照组男25例,女22例;年龄47~78岁,平均(54.09±3.38)岁;分期均为Ⅳ期。两组一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
2.2 两组治疗有效率及疾病控制率比较 观察组治疗有效率及疾病控制率均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表1。
2.3 两组生存质量评分比较 治疗前,两组各维度生存质量评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗21 d,两组各维度生存质量评分均高于治疗前,且观察组均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表2。
2.4 两组血清相关指标比较 治疗前,两组HIF-1α、VEGF、PKM2水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗21 d,两组HIF-1α、VEGF、PKM2水平均低于治疗前,且观察组均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表3。
2.5 两组免疫球蛋白指标比较 治疗前,两组IgA、IgG及IgM水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗21 d,两组IgA、IgG及IgM水平均高于治疗前,且观察组均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表4。
3 讨论
恶性胸腔积液是肺癌晚期患者常见的并发症,胸腔积液的存在会对肺组织产生直接的压迫,阻碍肺膨胀,导致患者呼吸困难,严重时可出现缺氧及酸碱平衡紊乱等,严重影响患者的生命安全[5-6]。临床常通过胸腔穿刺引流排出积液,同时加以细胞毒性药物胸腔灌注,以期达到控制胸腔积液再生、阻碍肿瘤增长的目的。胸腔灌注给药是一种优良的给药方式,可直接通过胸膜进入循环、作用于肿瘤组织,对胸腔积液进行良好控制[7-8]。顺铂是一种细胞毒药物,抗癌谱较广,其对肿瘤细胞DNA和RNA的合成具有显著的抑制效果,从而达到控制肿瘤细胞分裂的作用,同时可加速胸膜增殖及纤维化,以控制胸腔积液的生成及渗出。但顺铂单一用药效果欠佳[9]。恩度是我国自主研发的一种重组人血管内皮抑素,其可抑制肿瘤新生血管的生成,提高肿瘤毛细血管的通透性,促进内皮细胞的凋亡[10-13]。
HIF-1α、VEGF与肿瘤新生血管的形成密切相关[14]。VEGF對新生血管的形成产生诱导作用,其水平与癌细胞的转移及预后关系密切[15-16]。HIF-1α是肿瘤细胞中的DNA结合蛋白,可介导细胞适应缺氧环境,促进肿瘤新生血管的生成。PKM2可反映机体氧化应激水平,可促进肿瘤细胞的糖酵解[17-18]。本研究结果显示,观察组患者的HIF-1α、VEGF、PKM2水平均低于对照组患者,提示恩度联合顺铂可显著抑制HIF-1α、VEGF、PKM2的表达,阻断肿瘤细胞的新生。
当肺癌恶性胸腔积液发生后,患者机体的免疫功能显著下降[19]。免疫球蛋白是具有抗体活性或化学结构、与抗体分子相似的球蛋白,包括IgA、IgG及IgM,是体液免疫的重要成分。患者体内免疫球蛋白水平可反映机体病情的严重程度[20-21]。本研究结果显示,观察组患者的IgA、IgG及IgM水平均高于对照组患者,提示恩度联合顺铂可促进患者体液免疫活化,改善患者的免疫状态。
恩度联合顺铂胸腔灌注治疗肺癌恶性胸腔积液可显著改善患者的临床症状及机体应激等反应,减轻患者的临床不适感,提高其生理及心理的适应度。本研究结果显示,观察组患者的生存质量评分及治疗有效率及疾病控制率均高于对照组患者,提示恩度联合顺铂可改善患者的生存质量,整体效果优异。
综上所述,重组人血管内皮抑制素注射液胸腔灌注治疗肺癌恶性胸腔积液可改善患者免疫应激状态,提高其生存质量,综合效果显著。
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(收稿日期:2022-11-15) (本文編辑:张明澜)