定位中考定语从句考点
2023-03-31许丽丽
许丽丽
中考對定语从句知识点的考查主要集中在引导定语从句的连接词上。引导定语从句的连接词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的某种句子成分。
例 (2022·辽宁·阜新)—Mom is waiting. Can we set off now?
—Just a minute. I cant find the shoes I bought last week.
A. that B. who C. what D. who
【解析】A.考查定语从句用法。句意:“——妈妈在等待。我们现在可以出发了吗?——等一下。我找不到我上周买的鞋了。”此处是定语从句,先行词是“the shoes”,指物。引导词在从句中作宾语,所以用that或which,结合选项。故选A。
例1 I like the city________ the people are really kind and friendly.
A. that B. which C. where D. who
【解析】C.考查定语从句用法。句意:“我喜欢这座城市,这儿的人们很善良、友好。”分析题干可知此处定语从句修饰的名词“the city”表示地点,所以定语从句用where来引导,where在定语从句中用作地点状语,故选C。
例2 The reason________ Im writing is to tell you about a party on Saturday.
A. because B. which C. as D. why
【解析】D.考查定语从句用法。句意:“我写信的原因是想告诉你星期六有一个聚会。”
because因为;which指物;as因为;why 为什么。根据句子结构可知,先行词reason是表示原因的名词,后边定语从句要用why引导,由此可知选D。
注意:通常在以下7种情况下只能用that而不能用which:
1.先行词为all, much, something, everything, nothing, little, none, the one等代词时。
2.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which。
3.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that。
4.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, few等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which。
5.先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which。
6.先行词在主句中作表语,或关系代词在从句中作表语时。
7.主句是there be结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which。
(2021·山东·滨州)In my opinion, of all the books, this is the only one______ is well worth reading.
A. who B. that C. whom D. what
【解析】B.考查定语从句用法。句意:“在我看来,在所有的书中,这是唯一一本很值得读的。”who 和 whom 指代人,who 充当定语从句的主语,whom 充当从句的宾语;what 不是关系词,所以它不能引导定语从句;that 一般指代事物,也可以指代不知性别或泛指的一类人,当定语从句的先行词被the only修饰时,关系代词要用that。故选B。
跟踪练习
1. —Why dont you like playing chess?
—Playing chess is an activity ______needs much patience. But Im not patient at all.
A. which B. what C. who D. where
2. —What kind of movies do you like?
—I prefer movies______me something to think about.
A. whom give B. who gives C. which give D. that gives
3. —Wang Yaping is the pride of our country!
—Yes! She is the first woman astronaut ______taught us science at the space ship.
A. where B. whom C. who D. which