城市更新背景下景观共享与品质提升

“乘众人之智，则无不任也；用众人之力，则无不胜也。”党的十八届三中全会首次正式使用“社会治理”的概念，鼓励和支持社会各方参与，实现政府治理和社会自我调节、居民自治良性互动。党的十九届六中全会指出，推动社会治理重心向基层下移，建设共建共治共享的社会治理制度，建设人人有责、人人尽责、人人享有的社会治理共同体。社区作为城市更新的基本单位，是社会治理的基础平台，也是创新社会治理的重要突破口。实现共建共治共享的全过程人民民主是社区治理的关键，通过厘清多元主体，协同多方利益相关者，拓展多方参与渠道，优化多元服务，构建多元共治的社区治理模式，建立现代社区治理体系和社区良性社会生态，才能更好地激发社区活力，增进居民福祉，推动社会的和谐稳定。

人口老龄化是今后较长一段时期内中国的基本国情。2019年，中共中央、国务院印发《国家积极应对人口老龄化中长期规划》明确指出，积极应对人口老龄化是一项重大的国家战略。2021年《中共中央、国务院关于加强新时代老龄工作的意见》提出，要实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略，把积极老龄观、健康老龄化理念融入经济社会发展全过程，将无障碍环境建设和适老化改造纳入城市更新，加快构建老年友好型社会。适老性一词属于多学科概念，一般是指室内外环境、公共设施建设等的适老化，而景观适老化则是指室外空间体系所涉及的住区景观、公园绿地、附属绿地等领域的空间及景观营造过程能体现对老年人生理及心理需求的考虑。

本期专题1“社区景观共治”，主要探讨了多元共建的实现机制及基层治理共同体意识的培育路径，通过纳入公众参与，形成可协调多方需求、可持续、居民满意度高的社区景观营造，从而在参与过程中培养居民在地认同感、归属感、幸福感。一方面，可促进环境公平，实现在地自我更新与可持续发展；另一方面，重塑了社区关系网络，不断强化公众“社区共同体”意识，有利于逐步实现“共建、共治、共享”的社会治理模式。专题2“适老化景观品质提升”，围绕如何为老年群体提供服务设施和适应其活动需求的景观，进行了国内近10年景观适老性的研究综述；揭示了邻里空间感知对社区老年人群绿地活动行为的影响；总结了从空间体系完善、适老功能置换与复合、适老设施嵌入式布局以及活动组织等方面的公共空间优化更新策略。本期两个专题，从关注社区居民到聚焦老龄化群体，顺应“人民城市人民建，人民城市为人民”的理念，挖掘了存量空间的活化潜能，拓展了景观更新治理的有效途径。

存量时代的共享语境下，风景园林师改变传统的设计流程，有效整合政府、社区组织、其他非盈利组织、社区单位与居民之间的资源与力量，正在推进景观“政府主导”到“多元共治”的转变。期待未来有更多学者关注该领域，以“多元共治”促进更大范围和更高层面的资源共享，加快建立完善适老化景观设计体系，构建美好人居环境共享模式，尤其是从风景园林师的角度，为加强社会治理制度建设贡献智慧和力量。

主编

2022年7月15日

Landscape Sharing and Quality Improvement in the Context of Urban Renewal

“Only with organization can the wisdom of the collective be given full play.” The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee of ficially used the concept of “social governance” for the first time to encourage and support the participation of all sectors in the society, so as to realize the benign interaction between government governance, social self-regulation and residents’ self-governance. The Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee pointed out that the focus of social governance should be shifted to the grassroots level. As the basic unit of urban renewal, the community is the basic platform for social governance and an important breakthrough for innovative social governance. Realizing people’s democracy in the whole process of co-construction, co-governance and co-sharing is the key to community governance. By clarifying multiple subjects,coordinating multiple stakeholders, optimizing multiple services, and building a community governance model of multiple co-governances, we can better stimulate the vitality of the community, enhance the well-being of residents, and promote social harmony and stability.

Population aging is the basic national condition of China for a long period of time in the future. In 2019, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the National Medium- and Long-Term Plan for Actively Responding to Population Aging, which clearly pointed out that actively responding to population aging is a major national strategy.In 2021, the Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Strengthening Aging Work in the New Era proposed that it is necessary to implement the national strategy to actively respond to population aging, integrate the concept of positive aging and healthy aging into the entire process of economic and social development.The term “elderly-oriented” belongs to a multidisciplinary concept,generally referring to the suitability of aging in indoor and outdoor environments, public facilities construction, etc., while “elderly-oriented landscape” refers to the suitability of residential landscapes, park green spaces, auxiliary green spaces and other fields involved in the outdoor space system. The process of creating space and landscape can reflect the consideration of the physical and psychological needs of the elderly.

The topic 1 of this issue, “Community Landscape Cogovernance”, mainly discusses the realization mechanism of multiple co-constructions and the cultivation path of community awareness of grassroots governance. By incorporating public participation,a community that can coordinate the needs of multiple sectors, is sustainable, and has high residents’ satisfaction. On the one hand,it can promote environmental fairness and achieve local self-renewal and sustainable development; on the other hand, it reshapes the community relationship network and continuously strengthens the public’s awareness of community, which is conducive to form the social governance model of “co-construction, co-governance and cosharing”. Topic 2 “Elderly-Oriented Landscape Improvement”focuses on how to provide service facilities for the elderly and landscapes that adapt to their activity needs. A review of this issue in the past 10 years in China was conducted; the impact of perception of neighborhood space on the elderly in the community was revealed; the optimization and updating strategies of public space from the aspects of space system improvement were provided. The two special topics in this issue, from focusing on community residents to focusing on aging groups, interpret the concept of “We are the cities we make”, tap the activation potential of the existing space, and expand the effective way of landscape renewal governance.

In the context of sharing in the stock era, landscape architects change the traditional design process, effectively integrate the resources and forces between the government, community organizations, other non-profit organizations, community units and residents, and are promoting the landscape transformation from “government-led” to“multiple co-governance”. It is expected that more scholars will pay attention to this field in the future, promote the sharing of resources on a larger scale and at a higher level with “multiple co-governance”,accelerate the establishment and improvement of the aging-friendly landscape design system, and build a beautiful living environment sharing model. As landscape architectures, we should spare no efforts to contribute wisdom and strength to strengthening the construction of the social governance system.

Editor-in-Chief

July 15th, 2022