浅谈完型填空解题微技能
2022-06-15徐晓丽
徐晓丽
完形填空是既考查词语搭配、同义词辨异、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法，又考查考生阅读能力、逻辑推理以及分析归纳、综合判断能力的典型题型。如何掌握一定技巧，提高完形填空解题能力呢？
一、借助词汇復现
词汇复现是指某一个词以原词或同义词等方式在同一语篇中重复出现。
1. 原词复现
例1： At this time， a ___ comes to them. When the tall man sees the bear， he is so afraid.
A. lion B. tiger
C. bear D. zebra
[解析]本题选择C，后面出现了原词the bear，是一种原词复现。
2. 同义词复现
例2： Kevin often makes ____ plans on the computer. And now he’s searching for information about the trip to America.
A. study B. travel
C. work D. food
[解析]句子中提到trip，答案为B.travel。两者属于同义复现。
3. 反义词复现
例3： Cindy knows it’s good to wash her hands before meals. But she usually thinks of it ____ her meal is over.
A. because B. so
C. before D. after
[解析]饭前洗手是好的，但是Cindy总是在饭后才想起来。这里before对应after，属于反义复现。
4. 上下义词复现
上下义是指词的总称和分解关系。
例4： Grace asks her mother， “Mom， have we got any drinks at home？” Her mother opens the fridge and answers， “Yes， we’ve got some ____.”
A. apples B. rice
C. carrots D. milk
[解析]选项中只有milk属于drink，milk是drink的下义词。
5. 词语解释
例5： Our teachers often say， “we can learn a lot of ____ from books. For example， to help other people， to be a nice man... All of them are very important in our life.”
A. jobs B. stories
C. studies D. lessons
[解析]我们可从书中学到什么呢？help other people， be a nice man是lessons。通过解释说明的方式来重现。
二、借助词汇同现
指的是某些语义相关的词语在语篇中同时出现。
例6： We are in the bookshop now. Every child can ____ a book and take it home.
A. draw B. say
C. send D. choose
[解析]四个选项中，choose和书店的关联性最强。
三、借助逻辑关系
根据上下文逻辑关系推断答案，包括因果、并列、转折关系等。
例7： The man is so afraid ____ he has no good idea.
A. because B. so
C. and D. but
[解析]他很害怕和想不出办法，两者是一种转折关系，答案选D。
四、借助生活常识
根据生活常识得出答案。
例8： On Spring Festival eve， we usually have a ___ family dinner. We eat jiaozi and fish.
A. traditional B. healthy
C. beautiful D. happy
[解析]春节是中国的一个传统节日，而饺子和鱼肉是年夜饭传统食品，答案是A。
五、借助固定搭配
主要指动词与介词的搭配、动宾搭配以及句式搭配。
例9： My grandfather takes a walk after dinner every day. He thinks it’s good ____ his health.
A. at B. with
C. for D. by
[解析]固定搭配“对……有好处”是be good for，选C。
结束语
掌握完形填空解题微技能，把语言知识融进具体的语言情境中去，通过上下文对整体文意进行把握，是解题的关键。
