痔疮伴便秘患者临床特征及其血脂代谢紊乱状况分析
2022-05-30傅骐遐
傅骐遐
【摘 要】目的 分析痔瘡伴便秘患者临床特征与血脂代谢紊乱之间的关系。方法 选取宁波市第一医院2021年6月-2022年6月收治的156例痔疮伴便秘患者作为观察组,160例同龄健康志愿者作为对照组,比较两组血脂代谢指标[甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)],并分析不同性别、年龄段、便秘严重程度的痔疮伴便秘患者血脂代谢紊乱状况。结果 观察组外周血TG、TC及LDL-C水平高于对照组,HDL-C水平低于对照组(P<0.05),观察组不同性别患者外周血TG、TC、LDL-C及HDL-C水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组20~39岁及40~59岁年龄段患者TG、TC、LDL-C及HDL-C水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而60~70岁年龄段患者TG、TC、LDL-C水平高于20~39岁及40~59岁年龄段患者,HDL-C水平低于20~39岁及40~59岁年龄段患者(P<0.05)。随着便秘严重程度的不断加重,观察组患者TG、TC及LDL-C水平逐渐升高,HDL-C水平逐渐下降(P<0.05)。结论 痔疮伴便秘者存在血脂代谢紊乱问题,且老年及重度便秘患者血脂代谢问题更为严重,在常规用药改善痔疮伴便秘患者临床症状的同时,还应注意对患者血脂代谢异常进行调控。
【关键词】痔疮;便秘;血脂代谢紊乱
中图分类号:R574.8 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1004-4949(2022)19-0122-04
Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and Lipid Metabolism Disorder in Patients with Hemorrhoids and Constipation
Fu Qi-xia
(Department of Anorectal, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China)
【Abstract】Objective To analyze the relationship between clinical features and lipid metabolism disorder in patients with hemorrhoids and constipation. Methods A total of 156 patients with hemorrhoids and constipation admitted to Ningbo First Hospital from June 2021 to June 2022 were selected as the observation group, and 160 healthy volunteers of the same age were selected as the control group. The blood lipid metabolism indexes [triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein(HDL-C), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C)] were compared between the two groups, and the blood lipid metabolism disorders of patients with hemorrhoids and constipation of different genders, age groups and severity of constipation were analyzed. Results The levels of TG, TC and LDL-C in peripheral blood of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, and the level of HDL-C was lower than that of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the levels of TG, TC, LDL-C and HDL-C in peripheral blood of patients with different genders in the observation group (P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the levels of TG, TC, LDL-C and HDL-C in patients aged 20-39 years and 40-59 years in the observation group (P>0.05), while the levels of TG, TC and LDL-C in patients aged 60-70 years were higher than those in patients aged 20-39 years and 40-59 years, the level of HDL-C in patients aged 20-39 years and 40-59 years was lower than that in patients aged 20-39 years, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). With the aggravation of the severity of constipation, the levels of TG, TC and LDL-C in the observation group were gradually increased, while the levels of HDL-C were gradually decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion The disorder of lipid metabolism exists in patients with hemorrhoids and constipation, and the problem of lipid metabolism is more serious in the elderly and severe constipation patients. Attention should be paid to the regulation of abnormal lipid metabolism in patients with hemorrhoids and constipation while improving the clinical symptoms of patients with hemorrhoids and constipation with routine medication.
【Key words】Hemorrhoids; Constipation; Blood lipid metabolism disorders
痔痔(hemorrhoids)是肛腸科最常见的良性病变,可发生于任何年龄段,以排便后感到肛门有凸起的肿块、便血、肛门疼痛、坠胀感为临床表现。痔疮合并便秘者并不少见,临床往往通过摄入益生菌、调节饮食、辅助中药等方式缓解便秘,进而减轻痔疮相关症状。研究发现[1],便秘是痔疮发作的重要诱因,多数痔疮患者同时伴有便秘症状。2003-2018年我国成年人慢性便秘发病率不断增高[2],而慢性便秘者普遍存在血脂代谢异常现象,便秘与肠道菌群失衡互为因果,可能诱导多种疾病的发生[3]。目前,关于痔疮合并便秘者的血脂代谢情况的报道较少,本研究对不同临床特征的痔疮合并便秘者的血脂代谢情况进行分析,旨在进一步探讨痔疮伴便秘的相关作用机制,为临床治疗痔疮伴便秘提供参考,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 选取2021年6月-2022年6月宁波市第一医院收治的156例痔疮伴便秘患者作为观察组,160例同龄健康志愿者作为对照组。观察组男80例,女76例;年龄20~70岁,平均年龄(34.15±10.15)岁;体质量指数(BMI):17~26 kg/m2,平均BMI(22.15±3.14)kg/m2。对照组男88例,女72例;年龄18~68岁,平均年龄(33.78±16.14)岁;BMI:18~26 kg/m2,平均BMI(21.78±11.07)kg/m2。两组性别、年龄、BMI比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),研究可比。本研究经我院医学伦理委员会批准,所有患者均知情同意且签署知情同意书。
1.2 纳入与排除标准
1.2.1观察组 纳入标准:患者符合《中国痔病诊疗指南》(2020年版)[4]中相关诊断标准,结合临床表现及专科检查确诊为痔疮;具有排便困难、排便为干球粪、排便不尽感、需手法协助排便、每周排便<3次中任意两项及以上,合并便秘症状;年龄≥18岁。排除标准:合并重大内科疾病或长期卧床者;合并糖尿病、高血压、动脉粥样硬化病等其他影响脂质代谢性疾病者;合并肠梗阻及恶性肿瘤者。
1.2.1对照组 纳入标准:身体健康且年龄性别与观察组相仿者。排除标准:合并肛肠疾病、糖尿病、高血压、动脉粥样硬化等影响脂质代谢疾病者。
1.3 方法 外周静脉采血前禁食8~10 h,采集外周血空腹静脉血5 ml,检测甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(Total cholesterol,TC)、高密度脂蛋白(High-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)水平,检测仪器为BS-480型全自动生化分析仪(深圳迈瑞生物医疗电子股份有限公司)。
1.4 观察指标 ①比较两组血脂代谢水平,按照《中国成人血脂异常防治指南》[5]对血脂水平进行判断:TG≤1.7 mmol/L,TC<5.2 mmol/L,LDL-C≤3.12 mmol/L,HDL-C>1.04 mmol/L为正常范围;②比较观察组不同性别、不同年龄段(20~39岁、40~59岁、60~70岁)、不同便秘严重程度患者血脂代谢水平。按照Wexner系统[6]中相关标准判定便秘严重程度:轻度(Wexner得分8~14分)、中度(Wexner得分15~21分)、重度(Wexner得分22~30分),其中Wexner系统共有8个项目,分值为0~30分,分值与便秘严重程度呈正相关。
1.5 统计学方法 采用SPSS 19.0统计学软件对本研究数据进行处理。计量资料以(x-±s)表示,行t检验;计数资料以[n(%)]表示,行χ2检验;以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 两组血脂代谢水平比较 观察组外周血TG、TC及LDL-C水平高于对照组,HDL-C水平低于对照组(P<0.05),见表1。
2.2 观察组不同性别患者血脂代谢水平比较 观察组不同性别患者外周血TG、TC、LDL-C及HDL-C水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表2。
2.3 观察组不同年龄段患者血脂代谢水平比较 观察组20~39岁及40~59岁年龄段患者TG、TC、LDL-C及HDL-C水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);60~70岁年龄段患者TG、TC、LDL-C水平高于20~39岁及40~59岁年龄段患者,HDL-C水平低于20~39岁及40~59岁年龄段患者(P<0.05),见表3。
2.4 观察组不同便秘严重程度患者血脂代谢水平比较 随着便秘严重程度的不断加重,观察组TG、TC及LDL-C水平逐渐升高,HDL-C水平逐渐下降(P<0.05),见表4。