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所城刘家名扬四方的“货栈生意”

2022-05-30刘正中松青

走向世界 2022年25期
关键词:商号重修刘家

刘正中 松青

如今在毓璜顶公园玉皇庙前的碑廊里有两座石碑,它们是《毓璜顶记》和《重修毓璜顶记》。石碑的背面详细记载了咸丰十一年、同治五年、光绪十九年,烟台工商界500多名商家和个人,为重修毓璜顶工程的募捐明细,其中不乏货栈商号的大家。

烟台货栈生意的兴起最早可以追溯到近两百年前。清朝末期,当时运河长年失修淤塞,漕船难以运米进京,道光六年(1826年)清廷下令改运河为海运,并予以漕船者可“八成装米,二成搭货”,免其纳税并沿途可做小生意的恤商政策。改为海运的烟台,成为南北海上交通必经之地,货栈生意如雨后春笋遍地开花。最初的货栈人在海边搭起窝棚,给船家看管货物;后期随着烟台的开埠,那些讲信誉、脑子灵活、态度好的看货人,逐渐在西南河东岸、面市街、北马路一带设立起自己的看货仓库,又称为代理栈,货栈生意逐渐成为当时社会主流经济模式并逐步发展起来。随后,在1899年,烟台商会根据经营规模、纳税状况以及对社会公益事业贡献度而评出的“八大家”商号中,其中5家是做货栈生意,3家来自于所城的刘家和张家,其中东家刘怀奎的洪泰货栈首屈一指。

说起刘怀奎,可能所城里的老人们无人不知,他不仅参与公益事业毓璜顶的重修工程,还独自斥资扩建增修了烟台历史文化象征的魁星楼,而所城里南门外大名鼎鼎的刘子琇旧居,其主人刘子琇便是刘怀奎的第四个儿子,他和弟弟刘凤镳双双中举,分别受职于南北两地,为当地做了不少政绩,留下佳话。

而另一个同样来自所城里刘家的东兴货栈,东家刘兆亿更以“热心公益,乐善好施”而闻名。他在大连设立“宏济善堂”、创办“泰东日报”,还倡导并出资建设了“西岗天后宫”。在烟台,刘兆亿在南门打挖了“双眼井”,解决了所城里附件居民的吃水問题,开办了“彭城小学”(后来演变成建昌街小学),并定期搭建粥棚向乞讨者和穷人免费发放粥饭和实施救济。刘兆亿一生的善举实难详尽阐述,也正因他的大公无私,在当时获赞了“刘大善人”的美誉。1925年刘兆亿去世,此事轰动了烟台和大连两地,送别队伍不仅包含政府官员和商界人士,还有自发组织的受过刘兆亿恩施的穷人们,队伍长达10华里。

货栈经济的发展无疑为商业奇才提供了展示本领的舞台,也让烟台形成了以所城里为中心的多种商业模式。东门外的二马路、三马路兴起了商绅们的住宅;里弄内优雅僻静、垂柳茂竹,是长袍马褂、文人墨客的天下;北门外成为美食的天堂,会宾楼、丹桂街汇聚了当时餐饮行业的翘楚,吸引全国各地的名流来此品酌……当时的多元素并行,在烟台发展史留下了辉煌璀璨的一笔。

Nowadays there are two stone tablets in the corridor in front of the Yuhuang Temple in Yuhuangding Park, which are inscribed with The Record of the Yuhuang Summit and The Record for the Renovation of the Yuhuang Summit. The details of donations for the renovation of the Yuhuang Summit from over 500 businesses in the industrial and commercial sectors in Yantai in the 11th year during the reign of Xianfeng, the 5th year during the reign of Tongzhi and the 19th year during the reign of Guangxu, including some big warehouse stores.

The development of the warehouse economy undoubtedly provided a stage for remarkable business talents to display their capability and allowed Yantai to form diversified business patterns centering around Suochengli. Residencies of businessmen and gentries were built in Ermalu Road and Sanmalu Road outside the East Gate. Dotted by drooping willows and luxuriant bamboos, the alleys were elegant and quiet, full of men of letters in long gowns. The area outside the North Gate became a paradise for food with Huibin Building and Dangui Street gathering the best stores in the food industry at that time, attracting celebrities from all places throughout China to come and savor...Various elements coexisted at that time, leaving a splendid and shining mark in the history for the development of Yantai.

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