高考英语“七选五”的解题策略

蔡剑媚

一、“七选五”的命题特点

高考“七选五”是要求考生阅读短文，从短文后的七个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。空白处常常设置在段首、段中和段尾，主要考查考生的思维能力、归纳概括能力以及演绎推理能力。

根据近三年的高考英语全国Ⅰ卷的“七选五”试题的设题规律，我们发现空白处的设置大部分是出现在段中，个别题设在段首和段末。如下表：

从试题的设题角度上看，“承上启下”是主要特征，所填的选项考查的要么是承接上文，要么是开启下文，要么就是既有承接上文又有开启下文的作用。因此，我们解题时要注意“瞻前顾后”，即要理解空白前后文的内容。

二、“七选五”的解题策略

1. 段首句和段末句，考查总结归纳能力

首先，段首句是在一个文段的开头，是一个主旨句，概述了本段的主旨大意，因此具有“启下”的作用。这考查了考生的总结归纳的能力。

[例1]（2020年全国Ⅰ卷）

●____37____Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them？ Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs？ Know that your life is your own; you are the only you in this world.

F. Stop comparing yourself with others.

G. When does the comparison game start？

解析：由下文“不要追隨那些让你觉得自己不够好的人。你是否希望你最终感到有力量是因为你的生活比他们的好？要知道，你的生活是你自己的;你是这个世界上独一无二的人。”可知，这段主要讲不要拿自己与他人比较。因此，选项F. Stop comparing yourself with others.（停止拿自己和别人比较）可以作为本段的主旨句，故选F项。

[例2]（2021年新高考全国Ⅰ卷）

...they eat great food and never gain weight. The food is so delicious that you dont need much of it to make you happy...

39     On our first morning in Paris， I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18！

D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.

E. Thats not the only reason the French eat less than we do.

解析：这个文段描写作者夫妻去采购食物，买了草莓。从段落的最后两句“My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18！（我丈夫和我都认为这是我们吃过的最好的水果。但它们要18美元！）”可知，法国的水果好吃，但非常贵。选项E. Thats not the only reason the French eat less than we do.（这并非法国人吃得比我们少的唯一原因）延续了上一段“法国人吃的少但不胖”并解释其原因是“因好吃而不必吃得太多”的话题，同时概括了“物价贵”是法国人吃得少的另一个原因，故选E项。本题有一定的难度，因为这个段首句不仅起到了“启下”的作用，也对上一个段落进行了延伸，也有“承上”的作用。

其次，段末句是一个文段结束的句子，但是它与段首句在逻辑上是一致的，都是对文段的归纳总结，体现主旨。

[例3]（2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷）

My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do， how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session， and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities， and provided her phone number. ____39_____

E. How can you write a good“seeking training partner”notice？

G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.

解析：本空设在段尾，应是对本段内容的总结。由notice可将正确选项定位在E和G两项，空前主要介绍了发布告找搭档的具体细节，选项E“如何写一个寻找健身搭档的布告”，放在句末不合适，而选项G“任何健身搭档的通知都应包括这些信息”，符合题意，故选G项。

当然，也有的段末句是对前文的延伸和进一步说明。

[例4]（2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷）

●Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job， earned your degree， and you got out of bed today._____39 _____

A. Feeling upset again？

C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.

解析：根据空白处前面两句List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job， earned your degree， and you got out of bed today.（列出你取得的成就。你找到了一份工作，拿到了学位，甚至是你今天起床了）可知，诸如工作学位的大事以及起床这个小事，都是你取得的成就。起床，看似简单，但是说明你健康，说明你有时间观念等等，因此都是值得庆祝的，选项C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.（没有什么事是太小而不值得庆祝）是与上文意思衔接最好的，故选C项。

2. 段中句高频设题，考查各种思维能力

空格设在段中，解题要抓住选项与原文的逻辑关系，如因果关系、递进关系、并列关系等;如从语言角度出发，有词语复现关系、代词指代关系。

（1）因果关系

因果关系是指所填选项与前文或后文構成因果关系，最常见的提示词是because， so， for等等，但是从近三年的全国Ⅰ卷来看，这些提示词都没有出现，但是，所填选项不外乎两种情况，要么是上句的结果，要么是后文的原因。

[例5]（2022年全国Ⅰ卷）

You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media， but it probably wont result in a useful response.

_____38_____If you plan on working out in a gym， that person must belong to the same gym.

B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.

E. How can you write a good“seeking training partner” notice？

解析：本段落只有三个句子，空前句说“ 你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要寻找的健身伙伴，但可能不会得到有用的回应。”接下来可能是说明“得不到有用回应”的原因;又由空后句“如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那个人（that person）一定是和你同属一个健身房的”中的that person可知，前句可能出现一起健身的人（a workout partner）;浏览各选项，只有B项适合，该项中的“住在附近”的人与空后句中的“属同一健身房”相符应，故选B项。B项“锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近”是空前句“在社交媒体上发贴可能得不到有用回应”的原因，而空后句又是B项“住在附近”的理由。

[例6]（2021年全国Ⅰ卷）My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.      36     So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.

解析：开篇交代背景“我和丈夫在巴黎待了一周。”下文“So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.（因此，我们做的第一件事就是租了一套非常昂贵的公寓，在第六层，只有一个橱柜那么大）”是空白处的结果，因此空白处需要从备选项中选择一个合理的原因; F项“Our aim was to see if we could live， in some way， like real Parisians.（我们想看看在某种程度上，我们是否可以得像巴黎人那样生活）”正好是作者和丈夫要在巴黎租房子住下来的原因，故选F项。

（2）并列关系

并列关系指的是选项与上下文表达的意思相近，句型结构一致，常见的提示词有or， and， while等。

[例7]（2022年全国Ⅰ卷）

First of all， decide what you want from that person. _____37_____ Or do you just want to be physically fit， able to move with strength and flexibility？ Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.

D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport？

E. How can you write a good“seeking training partner” notice？

解析：根据后文中Or的提示，空白处应与下文是并列关系。与“Or do you just want to be physically fit， able to move with strength and flexibility？（或者你只是想要身体健康，能够移动的力量和灵活性？）”并列的，应是问句，将答案锁定在D和E两项中;而D项跟空后句都是一般疑问句，且都含do you want to...结构非常相似，将其代入空格处，语义衔接，故选D项。

[例8]（2022年全国Ⅰ卷）

Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled“Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.”One reason was：“Youll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym，”while another read：“ _____36 _____”With a workout partner， you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle（微妙）competition.

A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.

C. Youll work harder if you train with someone else.

解析：前文说“感谢你的健身伙伴的五个理由”“理由之一是：如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去锻炼”;由while another read可知，这是感谢健身伙伴的另一条理由，与前一条应为并列关系，浏览各选项，结构相似的只有选项C. Youll work harder if you train with someone else.（如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力），故选C项。

（3）词语复现关系

词语复现是指选项中的词语与空白处的前、后句中的词语相同或相近。选项以原词复现或以不同的词性复现，还有以近义词的形式复现。

[例9]（2022年全国Ⅰ卷）

You and your partner will probably have different skills.

40    Over time， both of you will benefit——your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core（核心）of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.

A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.

F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.

解析：前文“You and your partner will probably have different skills.（你和你的搭档可能有不同的技能）”中的different和选项F“Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.（接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作）”中的differences是词语复现，前后语境衔接，故选F项。

（4）代词指代关系

代词指代关系指的是选项中代词指代上文的信息点（2022年第39题），或者是选项中的信信息点，在后文中有代词体现（2021年第40题）。

[例10]（2022年全国Ⅰ卷）

My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do， how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session， and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities， and provided her phone number. _____39_____

F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.

G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.

解析：在前文“我的搭檔把她的要求贴在了当地的一个公园的布告栏上。写明了她想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，每次培训要花多少小时，还有她的年龄;还列出了她最爱的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码”中列举了许多个人信息，而G项“任何锻炼搭档的布告都应包括这些信息（such information）”与此意义衔接，其中such information指代空格前所讲的布告栏上列举的信息点，故选G项。

[例11]（2021年全国Ⅰ卷）

You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded. _____40_____When do these people work？ The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.

A. Not all the customers are tourists.

D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.

解析：空后句“When do these people work？（这些人什么时候工作？）”中的these people能填入空白处的正确选项应该出现了一群人;选项A. Not all the customers are tourists.（咖啡馆里的顾客并非都是游客）承接上文说明咖啡厅里造成拥挤的客人的情况，A选项中 customers符合咖啡馆的情境设定，同时讲述了不是所有的客人都是游客，意味着有部分顾客是当地人，符合空后句的提问，故选A项。

责任编辑 蒋小青