Diversity of Fissidens in Wuyanling National Nature Reserve, Zhejiang Province, China

CHEN Xing, SHI Ruiping, LEI Zupei, WEI Yumei, WANG Jian*

Diversity ofin Wuyanling National Nature Reserve, Zhejiang Province, China

CHEN Xing1, SHI Ruiping2, LEI Zupei3, WEI Yumei4*, WANG Jian1*

(1. Bryology Laboratory, School of Life Science, East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241, China; 2. Collection Protection Research Center, Shanghai Science and Technology Museum,Shanghai 200041, China; 3. Administration ofZhejiangWuyanling National Nature Reserve,Taishun 325500, Zhejiang, China; 4.Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guilin 541006, Guangxi, China)

Twelve species ofare reported for Wuyanling National Nature Reserve, Zhejiang Province, China.Wilson ex Mitt. var.Y.-J. Yoon, B.C. Tan & B.-Y. Sun, a new variety previously known only from Japan and South Korea, is reported here for the first time from China. This species is characterized by the bases of dorsal leaves are distinctly decurrent, and cells of vaginant lamina have single indistinctly papilla at each corner. Detailed description and illustrations ofvar.are provided. In addition, two species, viz.andare new provincial records for Zhejiang Province. In Wuyanling, a humped distribution is observed of thespecies diversity with the elevation. Compared with other nature reserves in southeastern region of China, the number of species ofin Wuyanling is the second only to Yachang Nature Reserve (Guangxi). Furthermore, species diversity ofdoes not increase as the latitude decreases in this region. Hence, it is recommended to carry out further investigation and study on the diversity ofin southeastern region of China.

Biodiversity; Wuyanling National Nature Reserve; Zhejiang; New Record;; Plant distribution

Knowledge of the number and distribution of species in a region is central to ecology and funda- mental to biodiversity conservation efforts such as the prioritization of protected areas[1–2], but this infor- mation is lacking for the majority of species on earth[3]. Although broad-scale patterns of biodiversity are well documented, accurate descriptions of the distribution of biodiversity, however, break down at fine spatial temporal or taxonomic scales, even for well-described groups such as vascular plants or vertebrates[4]. There- fore, well-known groups and exhaustively inventoried areas are the exception rather than the rule, only a few local inventories and some sporadic uncoordinated captures exist[5].

The genus, comprising ca. 440 species worldwide, is a morphologically homogeneous group characterized by a unique leaf structure. The leaf of the genus is composed of two vaginant laminae, an apical lamina and a dorsal lamina and the leaves are arranged in two rows oriented vertically on the stem in the same plane and equitant (clasping or straddling the stem)[6]. Most of the species are mainly distributed in the warm, humid tropics of the world, with the number increasing as latitude decreases[7]. Sixty-nine taxa of the genus are hitherto known from China[8–10]. The taxonomic study of Chinesebegan in 1848 when W. Wilson reported some Chinese mosses collected by T. Anderson. Since Wilson[11]first reportedHedw. (nowMont.) from China, a series of studies of the genus have been carried out in China[12]. However, as noted by Iwatsuki et al[13], the genusis one of the most diversified genera of mosses and a well-defined but taxonomically very difficult genus. Hence, although a considerable number of species ofwere described from China, the genus is considered not well surveyed since many species are minute and easily overlooked during previous bryophyte explorations in the field[14], which were usually based on random, haphazard collecting along trails. Taking Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region for example, based on a province-wide inve- stigation of bryophytes with special attention to the genus, the number of the genus in the region has raised from 33 species to 46 species[9].

Wuyanling National Nature Reserve, located between 27º40′38″–27º43′42″ N and 119º38′29″–119º 41′27″ E, covering an area of 14.95 km2, and with an elevation range of 450–1611 m above sea level, repre- sents the transition zone from northern subtropical vegetation to southern subtropical one[15]. The reserve has a mid-subtropical monsoon climate with four distinct seasons, i.e., warm spring and autumn, hot and wet summer, and slightly dry and cold winter. The dome or U-shaped peak (1 611 m) of the mountain blocks the cold northwestern air mass from flowing in during winter and permits the entrance of the warm southeastern monsoon current from the ocean and retains it over an extended period of time. This peculiar climatic pattern, characterized by the combination of a warm winter and a wet summer, is expected to create a rich diversity ofin Wuyanling. Zhu[15]reported 358 species of bryophytes for Wuyanling. According to Zhu[16], however, only six species ofhas been recorded in the reserve. Meanwhile, based on the comparison of the richness of the genus in a series of mountains at different latitudes, we expect to understand the knowledge gaps of species diversity and sampling efforts ofin China.

1 Materials and methods

In August 2020, in order to obtain a represent- tative sample ofdiversity of Wuyanling, a systematic sampling of the genusalong the elevational gradients was carried out. All of the potential habitats in the main forested sites, such as Shuangkengkou, Huangqiao, Tieluji, Huangjiadai, Huanglianshan and Xidou Village, were surveyed thoroughly from low to high elevations. All the specimens are deposited in the herbarium of Guangxi Institute of Botany (IBK). Identifications were based mainly on major taxonomic works onin China and Japan[13,17–18]and other references mentioned under the following section. Species are arranged alphabetically. For taxa newly recorded to China, a detailed description is provided based on the cited specimens. The morphological and anatomical characters were observed and photographed using an Olympus SZX7 stereomicroscope and an Olympus BX43 light microscope equipped with a digital camera (Mshot MH125).

2 Results and discussion

A total of 45 specimens ofrepresenting 12 species were collected. Compared with the previous study[16], six species are newly reported in Wuyanling. Among them, two species proved to be new to the bryoflora of Zhejiang Province based on reference to the published literature[19].Wilson ex Mitt. var.Y.-J. Yoon, B.C. Tan & B.-Y. Sun, previously known only from Japan(as)[20]and South Korea[21], is reported here for the first time from China. Most of the species ofin Wuyanling grow on rock covered with a thin layer of soil, and occasionally on tree bark, soil and rocks. In China,species are distributed from sea level to 3 800 m above sea level[22]. In Wuyanling, a humpedrelationship is observed between species richness and the elevation, with a maximum richness between 500 and 800 m (Fig. 1).has the widest range of elevation distribution, ranging from 194 to 1 286 m.

Fig. 1 Fissidens richness in relation to elevations (m) in Wuyanling

3 Species of Fissidens in Wuyanling

3.1 Fissidens anomalus Mont., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 2, 17: 252. 1842.

Specimens examined: Taishun Co., Wuyanling NationalNature Reserve, Shuangkengkou, 722 m, on tree bark, J. Wang & X. Chen 20200810-4.

Distribution: China (Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xin- jiang, Yunnan, new to Zhejiang), India, Indonesia, Japan, Myanmar, Nepal, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam[8,23].

3.2 Fissidens crispulus Brid., Muscol. Recent. Suppl. 4: 187. 1819.

Specimens examined: Taishun Co., Wuyanling NationalNature Reserve, Huangqiao, 474 m, on rock covered with a thin layer of soil, J. Wang & X. Chen 20200804-30; from Tieluji to Huangjiadai, 561 m, on soil, J. Wang & X. Chen 20200805-45.

Distribution: China (Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Macao, Shandong, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), widespread in the paleotropics, also reported from northern Australia[8,24].

3.3 Fissidens dubius P. Beauv., Prodr. Aethéogam. 57. 1805.

Specimens examined: Taishun Co., Wuyanling NationalNature Reserve, from Tieluji to Huangjiadai, 584 m, on rock covered with a thin layer of soil, J. Wang & X. Chen 20200805-41; from Huanglianshan to Xidou Village, 571 m, on rock covered with a thin layer of soil, J. Wang & X. Chen 20200806-13; Shuangkengkou, 807 m, on rock covered with a thin layer of soil, J. Wang & X. Chen 20200808-4.

Distribution: China (Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Hei- longjiang, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiang- xi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanghai, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xi- zang, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Japan, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines; Africa, Central America, Europe and South America[8].

3.4 Fissidens gymnogynus Besch., J. Bot. (Morot) 12: 292. 1898.

Specimens examined: Taishun Co., Wuyanling NationalNature Reserve, Huangqiao, 474 m, on rock covered with a thin layer of soil, J. Wang & X. Chen 20200804-38A; from Tieluji to Huangjiadai, 575 m, on rock covered with a thin layer of soil, J. Wang & X. Chen 20200805-84; from Huanglianshan to Xidou Village, 571 m, on rock covered with a thin layer of soil, J. Wang & X. Chen 20200806-6.

Distribution: China (Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Shan- dong, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Japan, North Korea, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand[8].

3.5 Fissidens involutus Wilson ex Mitt., J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Bot. Suppl. 1: 138. 1859.

Specimens examined: Taishun Co., Wuyanling NationalNature Reserve, from Huanglianshan to Xidou Village, 571 m, on rock covered with a thin layer of soil, J. Wang & X. Chen 20200806-5; Shuangkengkou, 807 m, on rock covered with a thin layer of soil, J. Wang & X. Chen 20200808-6.

Distribution: China (Chongqing, Fujian, Guang- xi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Shandong, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang), India, Japan, Laos, Myanmar, New Guinea, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam[8,25].

3.6 Fissidens involutus Wilson ex Mitt. var. jejuensisY.-J. Yoon, B.C. Tan & B.-Y. Sun, Arctoa 24: 38. 2015. (Fig. 2)

Plants 1.0–3.5 cm tall, light green to dark green; stems usually branched; axillary hyaline nodules differentiated, observed in most of leaf axils; cortical cells in cross section small, thick-walled, central strand not differentiated. Leaves 13–25(–40) pairs; upper leaves contiguous to imbricate, oblong-lanceolate, 2.5–3.5 mm long, 0.4–0.6 mm wide, broadly acute and apiculate, lower leaves gradually decreasing in size towards the stem base, distant; base of dorsal lamina wedge shaped, usually distinctly decurrent; Costa percurrent, Bryoides-type; margins serrulate throughout; Vaginant lamina 1/2–3/5 of leaf length, unequal; Lamina unistratose; cells of apical lamina irregularly quadrate to hexagonal, 5–10m long, mammillose, thin walled to moderately thick walled, cells of vaginant lamina indistinctly pluripapillose along each cell edge. Dioicous (refer to Suzuki and Iwatsuki 2012); perichaetia axillary; perigonia and sporophytes not seen.

var.can be separated from the typical variety by 1) the bases of dorsal leaves are distinctly decurrent, while those of the typical variety are mostly rounded or cuneate, 2) cells of vaginant lamina have single indistinctly papilla at each corner, while those of the typical variety have mamillae.may be confused with this variety of, but it differs from the latter in having non-decurrent leaf bases and the absence of hyaline nodules on the stem[21].

Specimens examined: Taishun Co., Wuyanling NationalNature Reserve, from Tieluji to Huangjiadai, 617 m, on rock covered with a thin layer of soil, J. Wang & X. Chen 20200805-77; from Huanglianshan to Xidou Village, 756 m, on rock covered with a thin layer of soil, J. Wang & X. Chen 20200806-3.

Distribution: Japan and Korea[21], new to China (Zhejiang).

3.7 Fissidens nobilis Griff., Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 2: 505. 1842.

Specimens examined: Taishun Co., Wuyanling NationalNature Reserve, from Tieluji to Huangjiadai, 585 m, on soil, J. Wang & X. Chen 20200805-67; fromHuanglianshan to Xidou Village, 756 m, on rock coveredwith a thin layer of soil, J. Wang & X. Chen 20200806-2.

Distribution: China (Chongqing, Fujian, Guang- dong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Cambodia, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, North Korea, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Russian Far East, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam[8,26].

3.8 Fissidens oblongifolius Hook. f. & Wilson., London J. Bot. 3: 547. 1844.

Specimens examined: Taishun Co., Wuyanling NationalNature Reserve, from Tieluji to Huangjiadai, 585 m, on rock covered with a thin layer of soil, J. Wang & X. Chen 20200805-64.

Fig. 2 Fissidens involutus Wilson ex Mitt. var. jejuensis Y.-J. Yoon, B.C. Tan & B.-Y. Sun. A, E: Plant; B: Leaf apex; C: Leaf base; D: Leaf; F, G: Transverse section of stem; H–J: Transverse section of leaf; K. Cells of vaginant laminae. (All figures taken from J. Wang & X. Chen 20200806-3)

Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou,Hainan, Hong Kong, Jiangxi, Macao, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan), Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Phili- ppines and Thailand; Australia, New Zealand, South and Central America, Mexico and West Tropical Africa[8,26].

3.9 Fissidens perdecurrens Besch., J. Bot. (Morot) 12: 293. 1898.

Specimens examined: Taishun Co., Wuyanling NationalNature Reserve, from Tieluji to Huangjiadai, 617 m, on rock, J. Wang & X. Chen 20200805-76; Shuangkengkou, 661 m, on rock covered with a thin layer of soil, J. Wang & X. Chen 20200810-5.

Distribution: China (Fujian, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang) and Japan[8].

3.10 Fissidens serratus Müll. Hal., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 5: 804. 1847.

Specimens examined: Taishun Co., Wuyanling NationalNature Reserve, Shuangkengkou, 807 m, on tree bark, J. Wang & X. Chen 20200808-51B.

Distribution: China (Hainan, Hong Kong, Shan- dong, Taiwan, new to Zhejiang), Indonesia, Japan, Fiji, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore and Africa, Australia, The Americas[8,26].

3.11 Fissidens taxifolius Hedw., Sp. Musc. Frond. 155, pl. 39: f. 1–5. 1801.

Specimens examined: Taishun Co., Wuyanling NationalNature Reserve, from Tieluji to Huangjiadai, 585 m, on soil, J. Wang & X. Chen 20200805-70.

Distribution: China (Chongqing, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Shandong, Shanghai, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), and widely distributed in the world[8].

3.12 Fissidens teysmannianus Dozy & Molk., Pl. Jungh. 317. 1854.

Specimens examined:Taishun Co., Wuyanling NationalNature Reserve, Huangqiao, 474 m, on rock covered with a thin layer of soil, J. Wang & X. Chen 20200804-38B; from Tieluji to Huangjiadai, 563 m, on rock covered with a thin layer of soil, J. Wang & X. Chen 20200805-3.

Distribution: China (Chongqing, Fujian, Guang- dong, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, North Korea, Russia and Vietnam[8,26].

According to the geographical and climatic condition, three regions ofin China were recognized by Li[22]. Among them, the richest geo- graphic area is Southeastern and Southwestern Region, which is located along the coastal provinces in south- eastern China (including Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan and Zhejiang), as well as three south- western provinces (including Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan). Southeastern region, characterized by ever- green broad-leaved forests in the subtropical zones and tropical monsoon forests and tropical rain forests in the tropical area (including Leizhou Peninsula of Guangdong Province, Hainan Province and southern part of Taiwan Province), are strongly affected by the southeastern monsoon from the Pacific Ocean[22]. It provides a favourable condition for the development of. To understand the limitations in our knowledge of species diversity and sampling efforts ofin southeastern region, we compared the richness of the genus in nine nature reserves at different latitudes (Table 1). Given the presence of a latitudinal diversity gradient in[6]the number of species is expected to increase as the latitude decreases. Compared with other nature reserves, the number of species ofin Wuyanling is only lesser than that of Yachang Nature Reserve, which has been systematically sampled by Dr. Yu-Mei Wei. Since most of nature reserves lie south of Wuyanling, it is apparent that there are gaps of species diversity ofin these reserves, especially in tropical areas such as Jianfengling National Nature Reserve. Given that southeastern region is one the richest geographic area ofand should be a hot spot for the conservation of the genus in China, more systematic investigations should be carried out and more note- worthy discoveries of the genus could be anticipated in this region.

Table 1 Species number of Fissidens in nine nature reserves at different latitudes

Acknowledgements We are grateful to the Wuyanling NationalNature Reserve of Zhejiang, China. Thanks are also due to Wen Ye (Guangdong) for providing literature.

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浙江乌岩岭国家级自然保护区凤尾藓属物种多样性研究

陈星1, 师瑞萍2, 雷祖培3, 韦玉梅4*, 王健1*

(1. 华东师范大学生命科学学院, 上海 200241; 2. 上海科技馆藏品保护研究中心, 上海 200041; 3. 浙江乌岩岭国家级自然保护区管理局, 浙江 泰顺 325500; 4. 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所, 广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室，广西 桂林 541006)

报道了浙江省乌岩岭国家级自然保护区12种凤尾藓属()植物，其中内卷凤尾藓济州岛变种(Wilson ex Mitt. var.Y.-J. Yoon, B.C. Tan & B.-Y. Sun)为中国首次报道，该变种此前只分布在日本和韩国，其特征是背翅基部明显下延，鞘部细胞的每个角都有1个不明显的疣。异形凤尾藓()和锐齿凤尾藓()为浙江省新记录。在该保护区，凤尾藓属植物物种多样性随海拔升高呈单峰分布。与我国东南部地区其它保护区相比，乌岩岭的凤尾藓多样性仅次于广西的雅长自然保护区。而且，这一地区凤尾藓的多样性并没有表现出随着纬度的降低而增加的趋势。因此，建议进一步加强对我国东南部地区凤尾藓的调查和研究。

生物多样性; 浙江; 乌岩岭国家级自然保护区; 新记录; 凤尾藓属; 植物分布

10.11926/jtsb.4436

2021-04-27

2021-06-21

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 32070228, 31770371), the Project for Natural Science in Guangxi (Grant No. 2020GXNSFAA297085), and the Program of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China (2019—2023).

CHEN Xing (1997～ ), Master Degree Candidate, Mainly study about the taxonomy of bryophytes. E-mail: 51201300008@stu.ecnu.edu.cn

. E-mail: wushuang-123@163.com, jwang@bio.ecnu.edu.cn