替硝唑联合盐酸米诺环素缓释剂治疗老年牙周病的效果及对患者IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平的影响
2022-03-27柯建国欧东晨王飞翔蔡巧玲
柯建国 欧东晨 王飞翔 蔡巧玲
【摘要】 目的:分析替硝唑联合盐酸米诺环素缓释剂治疗老年牙周病的临床效果和安全性,以及对患者IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平的影响。方法:选取2018年1月-2020年1月在厦门大学附属第一医院接受治疗的老年牙周病患者120例,将其随机分为观察组与对照组,每组60例。两组患者均在基础治疗上给予替硝唑进行治疗,在此基础上,观察组联合盐酸米诺环素缓释剂进行治疗。观察两组临床治疗效果、菌斑指数(PLI)、出血指数(BI)、牙周袋深度(PD)、治療后不良反应以及龈沟液中IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平变化。结果:观察组治疗总有效率为93.33%,明显高于对照组的80.00%(P<0.05)。治疗后4周,两组PLI、BI和PD均较治疗前有明显改善,观察组较对照组改善更加明显(P<0.05)。治疗后4周,两组龈沟液IL-6、IL-8及TNF-α较治疗前均有明显改善,观察组改善均较对照组更加明显(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组不良反应发生率为8.33%,对照组不良反应发生率为3.33%,两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:替硝唑联合盐酸米诺环素缓释剂治疗老年牙周病效果良好,操作简单,杀菌效果显著,抗炎效果明显,安全性高,适宜推广使用。
【关键词】 替硝唑 盐酸米诺环素缓释剂 牙周病 炎症因子
Effect of Tinidazole Combined with Minocycline Hydrochloride Sustained Release in the Treatment of Elderly Patients with Periodontal Disease and Its Effect on IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α Levels/KE Jianguo, OU Dongchen, WANG Feixiang, CAI Qiaoling. //Medical Innovation of China, 2022, 19(02): 0-039
[Abstract] Objective: To analyze the clinical effect and safety of Tinidazole combined with Minocycline Hydrochloride Sustained Release Agent in the treatment of senile periodontal disease and its effect on the levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α. Method: A total of 120 elderly patients with periodontal disease who received treatment in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from January 2018 to January 2020 were selected, they were randomly divided into observation group and control group, 60 cases in each group. Both groups were treated with Tinidazole in addition to basic treatment, on this basis, the observation group was treated with Minocycline Hydrochloride Sustained Release Agent. The clinical treatment effect, plaque index (PLI), bleeding index (BI), periodontal pocket depth (PD), adverse reactions after treatment and the levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in gingival crevicular fluid were observed. Result: The total effective rate of observation group was 93.33%, significantly higher than 80.00% of control group (P<0.05). 4 weeks after treatment, PLI, BI and PD in two groups were significantly improved compared with before treatment, and the improvement in observation group were more obvious than those in control group (P<0.05). 4 weeks after treatment, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in gingival crevicular fluid in both groups were significantly improved compared with before treatment, and the improvement in observation group were more obvious than those in control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the incidence of adverse reactions was 8.33% in the observation group and 3.33% in the control group, and there was no statistical significance in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Tinidazole combined with Minocycline Hydrochloride Sustained Release Agent in the treatment of senile periodontal disease has a good effect, simple operation, significant bactericidal effect, obvious anti-inflammatory effect, high safety, suitable for popularization.
[Key words] Tinidazole Minocycline Hydrochloride Sustained Release Agent Periodontal disease Inflammatory factor
First-author’s address: The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2022.02.009
牙周炎的患病率和严重性随着年龄增高而增加,老年组牙周附着丧失检出率最高,达74.2%[1]。目前临床针对牙周病的治疗,基础治疗主要有龈上洁治、龈下刮治和根面平整术,同时联合抗菌药物进行治疗[2]。但机械治疗联合抗生素的治疗方案仍有待进一步优化,且长期使用抗菌药物可能产生耐药性[3]。本次研究随机选取2018年1月-2020年1月在厦门大学附属第一医院接受治疗的老年牙周病患者120例,分析并探讨替硝唑联合盐酸米诺环素缓释剂治疗老年牙周病的临床效果及安全性,以及对患者IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平的影响。现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 随机选取2018年1月-2020年1月在本院接受治疗的老年牙周病患者120例,男77例,女43例;年龄60~81岁,平均(66.42±6.57)岁。纳入标准:(1)参照1999年牙周病分类研讨会制定的标准,所有患者均诊断为慢性牙周炎[4];(2)牙龈出血指数平均≥2,且全口牙周袋深度(PD)平均≥4 mm,余留牙≥10颗[5];(3)6个月内未接受疾病相关治疗。排除标准:(1)1个月内服用过抗生素类药物;(2)药物过敏者;(3)合并其他感染者;(4)合并恶性肿瘤以及肝肾功能等其他系统严重障碍者。将120例患者随机分为观察组与对照组,每组60例。患者签署知情同意书,该研究已通过伦理学委员会批准。
1.2 方法 两组患者均给予常规基础治疗1个疗程,包括口腔卫生宣教、龈上洁治、龈下刮治、根面平整等机械治疗。治疗同时口服替硝唑片(生产厂家:山东方明药业集团股份有限公司,批准文号:国药准字H20033666,规格:0.5 g),首次口服4片,之后1片/次,2次/d,连续服用6 d。观察组在此基础上联合应用盐酸米诺环素软膏(商品名:派丽奥,生产厂家:日本 Sunstar INC,批准文号:注册证号H20100244,规格:0.5 g),将派力奥软膏置入牙周袋中,1次/周。1周为1个疗程,连续治疗4个疗程。可根据患者实际情况适量增减药量。牙周基础治疗前及治疗完成后4周提取龈沟液,检測龈沟液中IL-6、IL-8以及TNF-α水平。
1.3 观察指标及判定标准 (1)观察两组治疗效果。痊愈:临床症状消失,各项指标检测正常;显效:PD下降2 mm及以上,症状明显改善;有效:PD下降1~2 mm,症状减轻;无效:未达到上述标准;总有效率=(痊愈例数+显效例数+有效例数)/总例数×100%。(2)对比两组菌斑指数(PLI)、出血指数(BI)、牙周袋深度(PD)。(3)观察两组不良反应发生情况。(4)对比两组IL-6、IL-8以及TNF-α水平。
1.4 统计学处理 采用SPSS 19.0软件对所得数据进行统计分析,计量资料用(x±s)表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验,组内比较采用配对t检验;计数资料以率(%)表示,比较采用字2检验。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 两组一般资料比较 两组患者的性别、年龄比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性,见表1。
2.2 两组临床效果对比 观察组治疗总有效率为93.33%,对照组治疗总有效率为80.00%,观察组治疗总有效率明显高于对照组(字2=4.62,P<0.05),见表2。
2.3 两组治疗前后PLI、BI、PD对比 治疗前,两组PLI、BI、PD对比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后4周,两组PLI、BI和PD均有明显改善,观察组较对照组改善更加明显(P<0.05)。见表3。
2.4 两组治疗前后炎症细胞因子对比 治疗前,两组炎症细胞因子对比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后4周,两组龈沟液IL-6、IL-8及TNF-α较治疗前均有明显改善,观察组改善较对照组更加明显(P<0.05)。见表4。
2.5 两组不良反应发生情况比较 治疗后,观察组不良反应发生率为8.33%,对照组不良反应发生率为3.33%,两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(字2=0.61,P>0.05),见表5。
3 讨论
目前已公认牙周病是多因素疾病,其中菌斑生物膜是最主要的致病因素,牙菌斑的细菌及其产物是引发牙周病必不可少的始动因子,直接或间接地参与牙周病的全过程[1]。清除牙菌斑,防止或减缓菌斑再聚集,是治疗牙周病、防止其复发的主要途径,机械法去除牙菌斑是目前最为广泛、最行之有效的治疗牙周病的方法[1]。但长期临床观察发现,某些重度牙周炎患者的深牙周袋、窄而深的骨下袋以及后牙根分叉区病变等,由于器械难以达到感染最深处,不能彻底清除患处菌斑细菌,炎症和牙槽骨的吸收仍不能控制,导致疾病复发。多数研究证实,机械治疗的同时全身辅助应用抗生素对牙周炎患者的短期临床效果更理想[6-8],本研究结果也证实了此结论。
盐酸米诺环素缓释剂是一种用于治疗牙周炎的制剂,其主要成分为半合成的四环素类抗生素,对主要是由多种可疑牙周致病菌感染导致的牙周炎等疾病效果显著[9]。不仅如此,在四环素类抗生素中,米诺环素效果最佳,对炎性反应抑制效果更优[10]。其主要原理是通过干扰细菌蛋白质生成过程,从而起到杀菌效果。该药物主要在牙周袋中发挥作用,同时在牙体、牙周形成附着层,菌斑清除的更加彻底,炎症消退继而达到改善患者临床症状的目的[11]。而且缓释剂的载体为可降解材料,比之全身用药来讲,这种方法更加安全、有效,局部药物浓度高,持续作用时间长,不良反应少。研究发现,不仅如此,米诺环素可提高牙周膜细胞的附着率,进一步促进牙周组织再生效果[12-13]。
本次研究在兩组患者中均应用替硝唑治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上联合应用盐酸米诺环素缓释剂进行治疗。结果显示,观察组治疗总有效率为93.33%,对照组治疗总有效率为80.00%。两组相比,观察组治疗总有效率明显高于对照组,该结果表明,联合盐酸米诺环素缓释剂确实可明显提高患者治疗效果,患者临床症状明显改善。两组患者治疗后PLI、BI和PD均有明显改善,两组比较,观察组改善更加明显,这表明联合使用盐酸米诺环素缓释剂对患者牙菌斑的清除作用更加彻底,牙龈出血现象得到更好的改善。两组患者治疗后龈沟液中IL-6、IL-8以及TNF-α等炎症因子均有明显改善,观察组改善更加明显。本研究中,经治疗后,观察组患者牙周指数明显降低,且低于对照组患者,与文献[14-16]的研究结果相似。治疗后,两组均有少数患者出现恶心、皮肤过敏和/或头晕的现象,观察组和对照组的发生率分别为8.33%和3.33%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。该结果说明加入盐酸米诺环素缓释剂并未明显增加其不良反应,安全性较高。
综上所述,替硝唑联合盐酸米诺环素缓释剂治疗老年牙周病效果良好,操作简单,抗炎效果明显,安全性高,适宜推广使用。
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(收稿日期:2021-06-09) (本文编辑:姬思雨)