聚焦话题建构 培养读写能力
——以My dream教学为例
2022-01-14刘美芳
○刘美芳
阅读和写作是体现小学生综合语言运用能力的重要部分,因此,教师在教学过程中要注重培养学生的读写兴趣,形成有效的读写策略,提高读写能力。本文以My dream教学为例,从话题讨论导入语篇,紧扣话题主线分析语篇,帮助学生建构以“话题”为核心的语言知识体系,提升学生阅读能力,体验英语写作乐趣。
一、读前——建构话题,激活旧知
1.复习动词过去式短语。
T:Let’s watch a video and say out the phrases.
Ss:played sports/picked appes/went swimming…
(学生一边看video 一边说出上面的过去式动词短语。)
2.Play a game 激活学生想象思维。
T:God job! I went swimming in the classroom. Is it funny?Can you try?
Ss:I sang and danced on the tree.
……
T:Do you like the game?How do you feel?Say something about your feelings.
Ss: Amazing/funny/tired…
T:I’m excited. In the game,I went fishing in the car. Is it true?
Ss:No,Of course,it is not true.
T:Yes,it’s not true. But it was in my dream. Today we are going to talk about dreams.
在真实、自然的语境交流中,教师建构了本课的话题dream,细水无痕,学生不知不觉进入话题,激发了学习兴趣和表达欲望。
二、读中——解读话题,以读促写
1.看图猜测,扣眼解话题。
T: He had a dream last night. What’s the dream about?Can you guess?
Ss: Maybe it’s about food.
(学生预测梦的内容,思维被激活,充满了对文本的阅读期待。)
T:Look at these pictures. They were about Wu Yifan’s dream. What is Wu Yifan’s dream about?
Ss:C.
T:Why do you choose C?
Ss: Because it’s not a PE class.
Ss: There was only one animal in the race,not animals.
教师充分发挥课文插图所提供的丰富信息,帮助学生有效理解语篇内容,提升语言学习效果。
2.以图促读,抓点聚中心。
T:Let’s move to picture 1.What do you see?
Ss:I see a cheetah.
T: Do you know something about cheetahs?
Ss:They can run fast.
… …
教师合理利用配图,逐步激活语量,构建支架,以图为“径”,引导学生看图说话,以图促读,并适时渗透cheetah 相关知识,丰富语言输入。
3.策略指导,提线启思维。
T:These pictures are not in the right order. Let’s number the pictures.
Ss: 2—1—3
T:Good! How do you know that?
(教师引导学生在阅读语篇中找出关键句。)
Ss:His father ran very fast,but Wu Yifan could not.
T:Well done! Key sentences can help you read.
T:In the first race,how did Wu Yifan feel?
… …
教师通过Who/What/How/Why 四个问题引领学生分析文本,学生在完成任务的过程中逐步加深对阅读材料的理解,实现了知识、技能的共同提升。
4.运用语言,联面成篇章。
T:How was Wu Yifan’s dream?Can you retell?
Ss: It’s a/an _________.(学生表述自己的观点,根据生成的板书复述课文。)
T: In the morning,Wu Yifan is telling his mom about his dream.
(学生完成书P39 练习。)
在教学中,教师帮助学生构建以“dream”为核心的语言知识体系,对文章的内容和语句进行分析、理解和概括,注重语篇教学在输入和输出过程中的整体性,提升学生的语言综合运用能力。
三、读后——聚焦话题,支架助写
1.精心搭建支架。
T:I had a dream last night,too. Let me share with you.
… …
T:What’s my dream about?What did I do in my race?How did I feel?
教师向学生展示自己的dream,学生根据三个主要问词What/Where/How,厘清写作主要内容。
2.精细指导写作。
T:OK,it’s your turn to share with your dreams .
(学生四人小组,围绕What/Where/How 谈论做过的梦,与同学分享。)
T: Let’s write down your dreams. We can choose A or B.
A.Imitate Wu Yifan’s or the teacher’s dream.
B. Write your own dreams.
在读后写作环节,教师搭建了话题支架,同时分层设计写作训练,学生可以自由写作,也可以再次阅读语篇进行模仿写作,培养了学生运用语言的能力。
在核心素养背景下,教师聚焦读写话题,和学生一起“悦读”体验话题,在阅读策略指导下,搭建话题支架,链接好“读”的输入和“写”的输出,将读写教学中思维的培养和语言的发展在具体语境中有机地结合起来,培养学生可持续发展的英语学习能力。