谈谈含set的常用固定短语的用法
2021-11-24徐晶晶
徐晶晶
在英语中,set是一个常见动词,其组成的固定短语含义丰富,用法广泛。对此,笔者就含set的常用固定短语的用法进行了盘点,以期同学们能够熟知和掌握。
固定短语之一:set off
(1)動身,启程,出发。如:①Hearing the news,they immediately set off for the station.(他们一听到这消息便立刻动身去车站。)②We set off once more,over a rough mountain track.(我们沿着一条崎岖的山间小路再度出发。)
(2)激起,引发。如:①A letter from home set offan attack of her homesickness.(一封家信激起了她的一片思乡之情。)②Dust,air pollution or smoke can setoff an asthma attack.(灰尘、空气污染或者烟都可以引发哮喘发作。)
(3)引爆(炸弹),燃放(鞭炮),拉响(警报)。如:①Setting off fireworks have its advantages and disad-vantages, so we should set off fire-works limitedly.(燃放烟花爆竹有利有弊,所以我们应该有所限制。)②Jack opened the door and set off the alarm.(杰克一打开门,警报就响了。)
(4)衬托,使显出美丽。如:Pink is very suitablefor you,can set off your skin.(粉色很适合你,能衬托出你的肤色。)
固定短语之二:set out
(l)动身,启程。set out作“动身,启程,出发”解释时,可以与“set off”互换.如:①You'd better pack ourgear into the car tonight, and then we can set out/off atdawn tomorrow.(你们最好今晚就把用具装上车,这样明天拂晓时就能启程。)②The world is beautiful.Setout to your dream from now on!(世界很美丽,梦想从脚下启程!)
(2)开始,着手,可以与“set about”互换。①Hav-ing made up my mind, she immediately set out/ aboutcarrymg out her plan.(拿定主意后,她立即着手实施她的计划。)②The moment he got home,he set out/about to do his homework.(他一到家就开始做家庭作业。)
(3)摆放,陈列。如:①Can you set out the chairsas shown in the plan?(你能按图纸设计摆好椅子吗?)②All the better merchandise was set out on shelves atthe rear of the store.(所有稍好些的商品全都陈列在后面的货架上。)
(4)阐述,说明。如:①Tom set out the reasons forapplying for this job.(汤姆说明了申请这份工作的原因。)⑦Darwin set out his theory in detail in the originof species.(达尔义在《物种起源》中详细阐述了他的理论。)
固定短语之三:set up
(l)建立,建造。如:①This skyscraper was con-structed entirely of concrete and glass.(这幢摩天大楼全部是用水泥和玻璃建造的。)②They set up the web-site to get people's attention to healthy eating.(他们建立这个网站是为了让人们注意饮食健康。)
(2)开店,创业。如:①He had plans to set up inbusmess on his own account.(他计划自己创业。)②Two years ago she set up shop as a boss.(两年前她自己开店,当起了老板。)
(3)安装,调配。如:①I want to set up home net-working on this commuter.(我想在本机上安装家庭网络。)②He needs someone to set up the overhead pro-jector for him in time for the lecture.(他需要有人为他调试演讲用的高射投影仪。)
(4)诬陷,陷害。如:①She claims she's innocentand someone set her up.(她声称自己是清白的,有人诬陷她。)②The man had been set up.(这个男子被人陷害了。)
(5)引起,产生。如:Ocean tides are set up by thepull between the earth and the moon.(海潮是由地球与月球之间的引力所引起的。)
固定短语之四:set down
(l)制定,规定(规则、规程、章法等)。如:①Rules have been set down and must be obeyed.(规章已经制定,必须遵守。)②The prices are set down bythe local govemment.(价格是由当地政府规定的。)
(2)把(感受、看法、经历、思想等)写下或记下,相当于“write down”。如:①You had better set your ideadown before you forget it.(你最好在未忘记以前把你的想法写下来。)②She set down her importantthoughts in her diary.(她在日记里记下她重要的感党。)
(3)放下,相当于“put down”。如:We set downour backpacks and had a break.(我们放下背包休息了一会儿。)
总之,含有set的固定短语较多,除了上述所提及的,还有set back(延误,破费),set free(释放,解放),setagainst(反对)等。在平时的英语学习中,同学们要注意加强固定短语的积累,丰富语言储备,这样在运用时自然就能得心应手。
(作者单位:江苏省盐城市田家炳中学)