中共中央南方局走出去的共和国外交官（二）

对外宣传战线的新华方面军—章汉夫

Zhang Hanfu — a Xinhua front soldier on the external publicity front

章汉夫（1905—1972年），江苏武进人。

抗战全面爆发后，在周恩来的领导下，章汉夫、潘梓年等在武汉筹办《新华日报》和《群众》周刊。章汉夫在这一报一刊的筹建、出版发行过程中，付出了辛勤的劳动。

武汉沦陷后，《新华日报》迁至重庆继续出版发行。1938年到1945年，章汉夫任《新华日报》总编辑，在周恩来的直接领导下，冲破国民党的重重封锁，使《新华日报》发挥了“抗战号角、人民喉舌”的作用。皖南事变发生后，周恩来亲笔撰写《为江南死国难者志哀》：“千古奇冤，江南一叶。同室操戈，相煎何急！”的悲愤题词。章汉夫领导《新华日报》工作人员与国民党新闻检查官进行了机智的斗争，把印有周恩来题词的《新华日报》，散发到山城人民手中。

在重庆主持《新华日报》工作期间，章汉夫笔耕不辍，先后发表了各类文章和社论。他的文章题材广泛、内容丰富、文字简练、分析透彻，充分显示出敏捷的才思、广博的学识、深邃的见解和敏锐的观察力，特别是对国际问题的评述和对国民党外交政策的剖析，深刻尖锐，鞭辟入里，深受周恩来的重视和好评。

1945年4月，章汉夫以秘书身份作为中国代表团中共代表董必武的助手，出席在美国旧金山举行的联合国制宪大会。章汉夫协助董必武编写并印发了用英文写成的小册子《中国解放区实录》，散发给出席旧金山会议的各国代表、外国记者及美国各界人士。章汉夫出色的表现给中国代表团成员、著名外交家顾维钧留下了深刻印象，他曾在回忆录中称，“董必武挑选了一个很好的秘书章汉夫。他也是共产党的一个杰出人物，为人善良而谦虚，不引人注意，但很能干”。

解放战争期间，章汉夫前往上海筹备出版《新华日报》和《群眾》周刊，后又被派往香港负责主编《群众》周刊香港版，从事统战和宣传工作，使战后的香港成为与海内外进行文化交流的中心。

中华人民共和国成立后，章汉夫任外交部副部长兼条约委员会主任委员，在外交部工作23年，是周恩来和陈毅的得力助手。许多外交大事他都参与其中，如清除帝国主义在华残余势力，建交谈判，解决边界问题谈判，参加万隆会议、日内瓦会议等，并作出重要贡献。

以笔为枪的新闻斗士—乔冠华

Qiao Guanhua — A journalism fighter using pen as his weapon

乔冠华（1913—1983年），江苏盐城人。

1937年，乔冠华从德国回到炮火纷飞的中国。抵达香港后，担任《时事晚报》的主笔，投入到抗日救亡运动中。他撰写的“乔木时评”论点鲜明、文笔犀利，受到了香港读者的一致好评。乔冠华的文章不仅帮助读者了解二战局势、通晓时局变化，更重要的是能够鼓舞信心，指明方向。远在延安的毛泽东在读完乔冠华的一篇国际述评文章后，给予了高度赞誉，说乔的文章“可顶战场上的两个坦克师”。

根据周恩来的安排和指示，乔冠华几经辗转，于1942年秋来到重庆参加《新华日报》编委会，主持国际述评专栏，负责国际新闻和评论工作。1942年11月19日，他以笔名“于怀”发表《条条道路通往罗马、柏林、东京》的国际述评，精辟分析了二战局势，并把东条英机在日本议会上的叫嚣，比作“一座泰山上生了一个小耗子，费的力气不小，然而产生的结果，却极其可怜”。从此，“于怀”这个名字风行山城。而他的国际述评文章《春潮》《形势比人还强》《人创造了形势》《迎接人们的春天》《不能再拖》《克里米亚道路》等相继问世后，不断引起轰动。《新华日报》编委石西民后来撰文提及国际评述的影响，“《新华日报》经过整风改版，内容和形式更加丰富多彩了。国民党当局的重重压迫也难以遮没它发出的光彩。《新华日报》的言论，包括国际述评，都引起了各国通讯社的重视。”

在重庆期间，乔冠华除了把精力放在《新华日报》的国际述评，还参加中共中央南方局外事组的活动，并与外事组的龚澎结为伉俪。

中华人民共和国成立后，乔冠华历任外交政策委员会副主任委员，外交部副部长、部长。在朝鲜战场、日内瓦会议、联合国讲坛上纵横捭阖，成为海内外公认的外交才子。

（部分资料由中共重庆市委党史研究室提供）

编辑/杨艳

Zhang Hanfu （1905—1972） was born in Wujin， Jiangsu province.

After the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out on a full scale， under the leadership of Zhou Enlai， Zhang Hanfu and Pan Zinian made arrangements for Xinhua Daily and The Masses in Wuhan. Zhang worked hard in the preparation， publication and distribution of the newspaper and periodical.

After the fall of Wuhan， Xinhua Daily was relocated in Chongqing to continue publishing. From 1938 to 1945， serving as the editor-in-chief of Xinhua Daily and under the direct leadership of Zhou Enlai， Zhang Hanfu smashed numerous blockades imposed by the Kuomintang （KMT） and activated the role of Xinhua Daily as "the horn of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the mouthpiece of the people." After the Southern Anhui Incident， Zhou Enlai personally wrote an inscription with grief and indignation， namely Mourning for Those who Died in the National Disaster in the South of the Yangtze River， "The detention of Ye Ting is a rare injustice in history. In the same boat， how can we bitter against each other？” Zhang Hanfu led the staff of Xinhua Daily to carry out a witty struggle with the KMT press censor， and distributed Xinhua Daily with Zhou Enlai's inscription to the people in Chongqing.

Whilst presiding over the work of Xinhua Daily in Chongqing， Zhang Hanfu kept writing and publishing various articles and editorials. With a wide range of subjects， rich contents， concise text and thorough analysis， his articles fully embodied his talented agility， extensive knowledge， profound insight and keen observation. In particular， his comments on international issues and analysis of the KMT's foreign policy were in-depth， incisive and penetrating， and thus deeply valued and praised by Zhou Enlai.

In April 1945， serving as the secretary and assistant to Dong Biwu， the CPC representative， Zhang Hanfu attended the Constitutional Convention of the United Nations held in San Francisco. Zhang Hanfu assisted Dong Biwu in compiling and printing the pamphlet Memoir of China's Liberated Areas written in English and distributed it to delegates from various countries， foreign journalists and people from all walks of life in the United States attending the San Francisco Conference. Zhang's outstanding performance greatly impressed V. K. Wellington Koo， a member of the Chinese delegation and a renowned diplomat. He once said in his memoir， "Dong Biwu has chosen a good secretary Zhang Hanfu. He is also an eminent figure of the Communist Party， kind and modest， obscure yet very competent".

During the War of Liberation， Zhang Hanfu went to Shanghai to prepare for the publication of Xinhua Daily and The Masses. He was then sent to Hong Kong to edit the Hong Kong edition of The Masses and engage in united front and publicity work， making Hong Kong a center for cultural exchanges at home and abroad after the War.

After the establishment of the People's Republic of China， served as the Vice Minister of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and chairman of the Treaty Committee， and worked in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for 23 years， Zhang Hanfu was at the right hand of Zhou Enlai and Chen Yi. He took part in many major diplomatic events， such as eliminating the residual imperialist power in China， negotiating the establishment of diplomatic relations， negotiating the settlement of border issues， participating in the Bandung Conference and the Geneva Conference with important contributions.

Qiao Guanhua （1913—1983） was born in Yancheng， Jiangsu province.

In 1937， Qiao Guanhua returned to war-torn China from Germany. After arriving in Hong Kong， he served as the chief writer of the Evening Times， and devoted himself to the Anti-Japanese National Salvation Movement. With clear-cut arguments and trenchant writing， his "Qiaomu Review" had been highly praised by readers in Hong Kong. Qiao's articles not only helped readers learn the situation of World War II and the changes of the current situation， but also inspired confidence and pointed out the direction. Mao Zedong， who was then in Yan'an， highly praised Qiao Guanhua after reading one of his international review articles and praised Qiao's article "as equivalent to two tank divisions on the battlefield."

According to Zhou Enlai's arrangement and instructions， Qiao Guanhua found his way to Chongqing in the autumn of 1942 to participate in the Editorial Board of Xinhua Daily， presided over the international review column， and was responsible for international news and reviews. On November 19， 1942， he published an international review titled All Roads Lead to Rome， Berlin and Tokyo under the pseudonym "Yu Huai"， pithily analyzed the situation of World War II， and compared Hideki Tojo's clamor in the Japanese parliament to "a small mouse born on Mountain Tai， despite great efforts， only meager results were yielded". Since then， "Yu Huai" has become a household name in this mountainous city. His international review articles Spring Tide， The Situation is Stronger than People， People Create the Situation， The Spring Welcomes People， No More Delay and Roads in Crimea had been published one after another， stirring one sensation after another. Shi Ximin， editorial board member of Xinhua Daily， later wrote an article on the impact of international reviews. "After rectification and revision， Xinhua Daily has become enriched and colorful in content and form. The heavy oppression of the Kuomintang authorities could hardly subdue its brilliance. The remarks of Xinhua Daily， including international reviews， have received great attention of news agencies in various countries. "

During his stay in Chongqing， Qiao Guanhua not only put his energy into international reviews of Xinhua Daily， but also participated in the activities of the Foreign Affairs Group of the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and married Gong Peng in the same Group.

After the establishment of the People's Republic of China， Qiao Guanhua served as Vice Chairman of the Foreign Policy Advisory Group， Vice Foreign Minister and Foreign Minister of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs successively. Maneuvering in the Korean battlefield， the Geneva Conference and the United Nations podium， Qiao was deemed as a prestigious diplomatic talent at home and abroad.

（Partially provided by Party History Research Center of the CPC Chongqing Committee）

Editor/Yang Yan