宁波舟山港:海丝之路的“活化石”
2021-07-29
宁波历史悠久,是中国古代“海上丝绸之路”的始发港之一。宁波、泉州、亚历山大等地的古港,被誉为记载“一带一路”历史的“活化石”。早在七千年前,先民们就在宁波一带繁衍生息,创造了灿烂的河姆渡文化。
身为古代丝绸之路的“活化石”,这里潜移默化地孕育出商品观念,地处江海相通的三江地区,不仅汇聚出商业的兴盛,还孕育出城市的繁华。宁波舟山港位于中国海岸线的中段,地处长三角经济带,坐拥得天独厚的地理优势。
1985年,北仑港被列为对外开放的港口。1989年,宁波港作为中国对外开放合作的重要深水港之一。2005年,宁波—舟山港管委会设立,浙江港口整合大幕初启。2015年9月29日,宁波港集团、舟山港集团实质性重组成功,整合组建为宁波舟山港集团。
从“宁波—舟山港”到“宁波舟山港”,轻轻抹去的是短杠,却蕴含着一个国际大港的长远战略,也是浙江海洋港口一体化、协同化、集群化发展的缩影。面朝繁忙的太平洋主航道、背靠中国内地最具活力的长三角经济圈,重组以来,宁波舟山港顺势而动,正逐渐打造为服务“一带一路”的战略支点。
站在宁波舟山港鼠浪湖矿石中转码头远望,巨轮穿梭,一片繁忙,轮船卸货的轰鸣声此起彼伏。在码头上,一艘艘外国货船上的铁矿石,被巨大的抓斗抓住,缓缓地卸下船舶。
如今,这里是中国大陆重要的集装箱远洋干线港,国内最大的铁矿石中转基地和原油转运基地,国内重要的液体化工储运基地和华东地区重要的煤炭、粮食储运基地,是国家的主枢纽港之一。
鼠浪湖码头是舟山衢山港区的重要组成部分。作为全国最大的矿石中转码头,这里成为全国仅有的能靠泊40万吨级散货轮的7个码头之一。2020年一季度,该码头共卸载各类铁矿石353.3万吨。
从2014年到2016年,宁波舟山港“一带一路”航线从74条升至82条,全年航班从3780升至4412班,全年箱量从838万标准箱升至908万标准箱。其中,东南亚航线从20条增至28条,覆盖了越南、泰国、缅甸、马来西亚等东南亚主要国家,成为东南亚国家输往日韩、北美等地国际贸易货源的重要中转站。
“一带一路”倡议提出以来,宁波舟山港实现了“三年三大步”:2014年,集装箱吞吐量超越韩国釜山港跃居全球第五位:2015年,集装箱吞吐量首破“2000万”标准箱,超越香港港跃居全球第四位。2016年,完成货物吞吐量9.22亿吨,连续8年位居世界第一;集装箱吞吐量完成2156万吨标准箱,稳居全球四强,增幅列全球前五大集装箱港口之首。235条航线遍布欧美、中东、东南亚地区,其中对“一带一路”沿线的覆盖面积达到70%以上。
2016年,宁波舟山港成为全球首个年货物吞吐量突破“9亿吨”的大港。
如同波浪永不停歇地拍打海岸,在宁波舟山港,改革创新的探索也从未止步。2018年5月9日,浙江省召开对外开放大会提出括包对标世界一流水平打造宁波舟山国际枢纽港在内的10大举措,进一步促进宁波舟山港集团发挥浙江参与实施国家战略、建设“海洋强省”的主抓手和全省港口投资、建设、运营的主平台、主力军作用,推动宁波舟山港海陆双驱融入“一带一路”建设。
全省合力、区位地理、深水良港、服务品牌这四大优势,为宁波舟山港全力打造“一带一路”最佳结合点创造了良好条件。
随着“一带一路”倡议的提出,中国对“一带一路”沿线国家和地区的投资额持续增长,贸易量持续提升,为占全球物流90%比重的海上运输、海港发展带来了新机遇。
通过海丝港口论坛,宁波舟山港加深了与“一带一路”沿线国家和地区港口之间的合作关系,先后与马来西亚巴生港、德国汉堡港务局、德国威廉港集装箱码头亚德港营销有限公司等签订了友好合作协议。截至目前,宁波舟山港已与英国菲利克斯托港、法国马赛港、意大利利沃尔诺港、西班牙希洪港、埃及塞得港、斯里兰卡科伦坡港等20多个“一带一路”沿线港口建立了友好港关系。
近年来,宁波舟山港与总部位于“一带一路”沿线国家和地区的全球航运巨头加强沟通合作,通过共同出资运营穿山港区集装箱码头等方式,实现了“大港”与“大船”的强强联手。2017年4月初,浙江省代表团对阿联酋进行友好访问,其间考察了迪拜杰贝阿里自贸港区,完成了浙江省海港集团、宁波舟山港集团与迪拜环球港务集团合作谅解备忘录签约仪式。还分别与印尼第一港务公司、印尼第二港务公司签署谅解备忘录,其中,与印尼第一港务公司达成了合作开发瓜拉丹戎国际枢纽港和产业园区的意向,与印尼第二港务公司建立了长期姐妹港友好合作關系。
宁波舟山港与中远海运、地中海、东方海外、长荣等合作的穿山港区集装箱码头,目前已成为该港云集超大型集装箱巨轮最多、全球少有的每年可吞吐“千万箱”的码头,这为合作伙伴带来了持续丰厚的发展红利。在海外,沙特利雅得无水港项目上,宁波舟山港在实现更佳收益的同时,推动该无水港业务量持续增长:2014年完成61万标准箱,同比增长13%;2017年完成约65万标准箱,取得了新发展,进一步彰显了宁波舟山港探索打造“最佳拍档合作点”的眼力、实力、魅力。
未来,宁波舟山港集团将根据《浙江省海洋港口发展“十三五”规划》,发挥宁波舟山港的“大龙头”作用,积极落实国家“一带一路”、长江经济带建设、长三角一体化发展和浙江省十四次党代会提出的打造“全球一流强港”“世界级港口集群”的要求,并以大宗商品和集装箱运输发展为核心,充分发挥港口对大宗商品交易、保税加工、自由贸易、海洋产业集聚等方面的带动优势,推进港口由传统运输平台向物流平台、信息平台、贸易平台、产业平台、金融平台拓展,加快建成全球一流的现代化枢纽港、全球一流的航运服务基地和全球一流的大宗商品储运交易加工基地。
With a long history and one of the ports of departure for China's ancient Maritime Silk Road, Ningbo is considered a “living fossil” of the Belt and Road, along with Quanzhou, Alexandria and other ancient ports. As early as 7,000 years ago, humans already settled here and created the splendid Hemudu Culture.
Situated in the middle of China's coastline, where the three rivers of Yao, Fenghua and Yong meet the sea, and adjacent to the Yangtze River Delta Economic Belt, Ningbo Zhoushan Port has a unique geographical advantage. In 1985, Beilun Port was opened up to the world. In 1 989, Ningbo Port was listed as an important deep-water port in Chinas opening-up and cooperation with the world. In 2005, Ningbo-Zhoushan Port Management Committee was established, marking the beginning of the integration of Zhejiang ports. On September 29, 2015, Ningbo Port Group and Zhoushan Port Group were substantially restructured and integrated into the Ningbo Zhoushan Port Group.
From “Ningbo-Zhoushan Port” to “Ningbo Zhoushan Port”, the subtle change nevertheless reflects its long-term strategy, namely integration, coordination and cluster development. As one of the main hub ports in China, at present, Ningbo Zhoushan Port is the largest iron ore and crude oil transfer base, one of the biggest liquid chemical storage and transportation bases across the country and an important coal and grain storage and transportation base in East China.
Since Ningbo Zhoushan Port and the countries and regions along the Belt and Road have a strong economic complementarity, economic interactions between them provide new opportunities for Ningbo Zhoushan Port to expand new sources of goods and carry out new cooperation.
From 2014 to 2016, Belt and Road flight routes to and from Ningbo Zhoushan Port increased from 74 to 82, and annual flights increased from 3,780 to 4,412, annual container volume up from 8.38 million TEU to 9.08 million TEU. Of these, the number of routes in Southeast Asia grew from 20 to 28, covering major Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar and Malaysia, and becoming an important transit point for Southeast Asian countries to export international trade goods to Japan, R. O. Korea and North America.
After the Belt and Road Initiative was put forward in 2013, Ningbo Zhoushan Port achieved “three big goals in three years”. In 2014, its container throughput exceeded that of Busan Port in R.O. Korea and ranked fifth in the world. In 2015, its container throughput exceeded 20 million TEUs for the first time, surpassing Hong Kong and ranking fourth in the world. In 2016, its cargo throughput reached 922 million tons, the worlds largest for eight consecutive years and the worlds first port accomplishing such a feat; its container throughput reached 21.56 million TEUs, ranking among the world's top four and the first among the worlds top five in terms of growth rate. Of the 235 flight routes to and from Europe, the Middle East and Southeast Asia, 70% cover the Belt and Road countries and regions.
But Ningbo Zhoushan Port and Zhejiang never rest on their laurels. A major provincial conference in 2018 stipulated that Ningbo Zhoushan Port be built into an international hub port and fully integrated into the development of Belt and Road. Currently, Ningbo Zhoushan Port has established friendly relations with more than 20 ports along the Belt and Road, including Felixstowe Port in the United Kingdom, Marseille Port in France, Livorno Port in Italy, Gihon Port in Spain, Said Port in Egypt and Colombo Port in Sri Lanka, among others.