鸡血石雕：大自然的鬼斧神工 手艺人的巧夺天工

刘凡力 卢倩倩

“昌化縣产图章石，红点若朱砂，亦有青紫如玳瑁，良可爱玩，近则罕得矣。”清代《浙江通志》中的这段话，说的就是昌化鸡血石。鸡血石素来享有“印石皇后”的美称，与田黄石、灯光石一齐被誉为“印石三宝”。昌化鸡血石产自“浙西大峡谷”源头的玉岩山，形成于7500万年前的火山活动。在它的身上，透着亿万年时间雕琢的痕迹，承载着中华民族对本源精神的追求与探索。

鸡血石色泽殷红瑰丽，石质晶莹剔透，造型浑然天成，整体来看既有冠绝的艳丽，又不失高雅的美感。而鸡血石雕在国内外享有盛誉的原因， 一是鸡血石本身的特色鲜明，二是鸡血石雕的独特技艺。由于鸡血石雕受到稀有血色、表现手法和空间的局限， 故而对手工师傅的技艺要求较高。石雕艺人运用巧雕、不完全雕、夸张雕、反常规雕等技艺，致力于呈现鸡血石独一无二的价值。

邵城鑫在2009年被浙江省文化厅授予浙江省非物质文化遗产“鸡血石雕”代表性传承人的身份认证。他自幼接受来自祖辈的石雕艺术审美熏陶，1978年跟随温州著名石雕工艺美术师林岩福学艺，随后多次去福建、石雕之乡青田拜访名师名家取其众长，以福建、丽水青田雕法为先导，结合昌化石雕雕法，三雕合一，因色取巧、按材施艺，突出石雕神韵，形成了匠心独运的石雕艺术风格。从事石雕行业30余年，邵城鑫始终认为作品的构思往往要比娴熟的雕刻技法更重要。他的得意之作——《钟馗醉酒》，诞生之初就是因为一个满脸胡子的老者，给了他雕刻的灵感和构思。邵城鑫的其他代表作品还有《松下品茗》、《后羿射日》和《十八罗汉》系列等。

（感谢浙江省非物质文化遗产保护中心为本栏目提供支持。）

As one of the most valued ornamental stones in China， chicken-blood stones have been used for centuries to create seals and carvings. Found on Yuyan Mountain， near Zhejiangs Changhua town， the stones were products of volcanic activity some 75 million years ago and are traditionally known as “Changhua chicken-blood stones”.

One of the reasons why chicken-blood stones are highly prized at home and abroad is its unique appearances and rarity. Another is the sophisticated skills needed to make chicken-blood stone carvings.

Shao Chengxin， a master of the chicken-blood stone carving craft， was influenced at a very young age by his family on stone carving. Plying his trade and honing his skills with masters of previous generations， over the past few decades， Shao has developed several carving techniques of his own and was recognized in 2009 as an inheritor of the chicken-blood stone carving craft， an intangible cultural heritage of Zhejiang province. His carving works include Drunken Zhong Zhui， Hou Yi Shot Down Nine Suns， The Eighteen Arhats and many others.